Wings of birds and bats are considered analogous structures because they have ________.

Analogous structures are defined as biological features that perform similar or corresponding functions but do not share a common evolutionary origin. In the case of bird and bat wings, they are considered analogous because they evolved independently in unrelated evolutionary lineages to fulfill the same function of flight [1]. This phenomenon is known as convergent evolution, where different species adapt to similar environmental challenges by developing similar traits. While the underlying skeletal forelimb structure is homologous (inherited from a common tetrapod ancestor), the specific modifications that form the 'wing' surface—such as feathers in birds and skin membranes in bats—arose from different developmental paths. Therefore, as wings, they represent a different origin but a common function.

Sources

1. [1] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 2: PLANT AND ANIMAL KINGDOMS > convergent Evolution and convolution > p. 2