Question map
With reference to Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), consider the following statements : 1. It is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Environment and Forests. 2. It strives to conserve nature through action-based research, education and public awareness. 3. It organizes and conducts nature trails and camps for the general public. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Explanation
The Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) is one of the largest non-governmental organisations in India engaged in conservation and biodiversity research.[1] This clearly indicates that statement 1 is incorrect β BNHS is an NGO, not an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Environment and Forests. However, it has been designated as a 'Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation' by the Department of Science and Technology.[2]
Statement 2 is correct. It strives to conserve nature through action based research, education and public awareness.[4]
Statement 3 is also correct. BNHS organizes and conducts nature trails and camps for the general public.[5]
Therefore, only statements 2 and 3 are correct, making option C the right answer.
Sources- [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_Natural_History_Society
- [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_Natural_History_Society
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis is a classic 'Identity Swap' question. UPSC tests if you can distinguish between a Government Statutory Body (like NBA, CZA) and a premier NGO (like BNHS). The key is not memorizing every trail they conduct, but knowing their legal status (NGO vs Govt).
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Is the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) an autonomous organization under the Government of India's Ministry of Environment and Forests?
- Statement 2: Does the stated mission of the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) include conserving nature through action-based research, education, and public awareness?
- Statement 3: Does the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) organize and conduct nature trails and camps for the general public?
- Explicitly describes BNHS as a non-governmental organisation, which contradicts being an autonomous body under a government ministry.
- Identifies BNHS's role in conservation and research as an independent NGO rather than a ministry-controlled entity.
- Notes institutional designations (e.g., SIRO by DST) and partnerships, indicating BNHS operates as an independent organisation.
- No statement linking BNHS as an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Environment and Forests is present; instead shows external recognition.
- BNHS describes itself as a 'pan-India wildlife research organization', consistent with an independent research NGO identity.
- The official site framing supports the interpretation that BNHS is not presented as a government autonomous body under the Ministry.
Gives a clear example (ICFRE) of a research council/institute explicitly created under the Ministry of Environment and Forests, illustrating the kind of bodies that are 'under the Ministry'.
A student could compare BNHS's founding/administrative status with ICFRE (e.g., government creation, statutory body vs independent society) to judge whether BNHS is similarly 'under the Ministry'.
Shows the pattern that some national organisations operate as autonomous societies but are described as 'coming under' a specific ministry (NPC under DPIIT).
Use this pattern to check whether BNHS is registered as an autonomous society and whether any ministry is formally listed as its administrative sponsor.
Lists Bombay Natural History Society alongside NGOs and international partners in conservation activities, suggesting BNHS functions as a partner/NGO rather than a government-created institute.
A student could take this as a clue that BNHS is likely an independent NGO and then verify BNHS's legal/organizational form (e.g., society/NGO) to test whether it is under the Ministry.
Describes the Wildlife Trust of India explicitly as an NGO that partners with governments, giving an example of non-government conservation organisations working with ministries.
By analogy, check whether BNHS is described in sources as an NGO/independent trust (like WTI) or as a government-established statutory body to infer its relationship to the Ministry.
- Directly states the organization's mission using the same phrasing as the claim.
- Specifically links conservation of nature to action-based research, education, and public awareness.
- Labels this as the BNHS Mission and repeats the claim with slightly expanded wording.
- Adds that the conservation focus is primarily on biological diversity, reinforcing the mission content.
- Repeatedly affirms the same mission statement wording, supporting consistency across sources.
- Specifically mentions organizing nature trails and camps, consistent with public awareness and education activities.
Explicitly lists 'Bombay Natural History Society (India)' among partners in bird conservation programmes, indicating BNHS participates in organized conservation efforts.
A student could infer that an organisation named as a conservation partner likely engages in practical conservation activities and then check BNHS materials for research/education components.
Biosphere reserve objectives include promoting research on ecological conservation and providing facilities for education, research, awareness and training β a model of activities typical for conservation organisations.
Using this pattern, a student could expect a conservation NGO/ society (like BNHS) to adopt similar research, education and awareness roles and then verify BNHS mission statements.
National wildlife policy components include reinforcing wildlife research, promoting nature education, and participatory management β showing official conservation practice bundles research + education + outreach.
A student can apply this common policy grouping to judge whether BNHS, as a major national conservation actor, would likely have a mission that mirrors these elements and then seek BNHS sources.
IUCN's stated role includes supporting scientific research, managing field projects, and bringing together NGOs and communities to conserve nature β exemplifying that conservation bodies combine research, action and public engagement.
A student could generalize that societies affiliated with or partnering in global conservation networks typically include action-based research and outreach in their missions and check BNHS for such alignment.
The government's Environment Education, Awareness and Training scheme lists objectives (education, awareness, training, NGO involvement) that are common components of organised conservation activity.
One could reasonably expect major national conservation societies to incorporate education and public-awareness work consistent with such schemes; this suggests what to look for in BNHS documentation.
- Explicitly states BNHS organizes and conducts nature trails and camps for the general public.
- Uses this statement to validate a related questionnaire item, indicating it is a recognized activity of BNHS.
- Directly affirms that BNHS 'organizes and conducts nature trails and camps'.
- Appears in an educational Q&A context, reinforcing the claim as part of BNHS activities.
- Describes BNHS programmes that 'outlines various one-day nature trails and weekend camps', giving concrete examples of such events.
- Shows BNHS runs scheduled nature-trail and camp activities (e.g., treks to Matheran, Malshej Ghat).
Lists BNHS among organisations active in bird/conservation programmes, showing BNHS is an engaged conservation body and partner in field projects.
A student could infer that organisations active in conservation partnerships often run public outreach (trails/camps) and then check BNHS's public-programme offerings.
Describes a local conservation society running a 'Community Tourism Demonstration Model Camp', an example of conservation groups operating camps that involve communities and visitors.
By analogy, a major, long-standing institution like BNHS might run similar camps/trails aimed at public engagement; one could compare BNHS activities to such examples.
Describes scientific societies (e.g., Royal Society, Paris Academy) historically holding public lectures and experiments to popularise natural knowledge, showing a pattern of scientific bodies doing public outreach.
Apply this general pattern to BNHS as a scientific/natural history society and investigate whether it follows the same public-engagement tradition (trails/camps).
States that national parks preserve sites 'for special scientific education and recreation', establishing that protected-area management includes organised educational/recreational activities like trails and camps.
Since BNHS works in wildlife/bird conservation (snippet 2), a student might reasonably check if BNHS organises public educational activities associated with parks or reserves.
- [THE VERDICT]: Manageable Trap. Sources: Standard Environment Current Affairs or Shankar IAS (Organizations chapter).
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Environmental Institutions & Bodies. Specifically, the distinction between 'Attached Offices', 'Statutory Bodies', and 'NGOs'.
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the status of: Wildlife Trust of India (NGO), CSE (NGO), TERI (NGO), WWF-India (NGO) VS Animal Welfare Board (Statutory), National Biodiversity Authority (Statutory), Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (Statutory).
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: When you see an organization name, ask 3 questions: 1. Is it Govt or Private? 2. If Govt, is it Statutory or Executive? 3. What is its flagship project (e.g., BNHS = Vulture Breeding)?
The question asks if BNHS is an 'autonomous organization under the Ministry'; references show examples of both types β departmental institutes created under MoEF and separate autonomous societies under other ministries.
UPSC often tests the distinction between bodies directly under a ministry (statutory/dept institutes) and autonomous societies/organisations. Mastering this helps answer questions on institutional structure, governance and which agency administers a scheme. Study by comparing examples (e.g., ICFRE under MoEF and NPC as an autonomous society under DPIIT) and learning the legal forms (statutes, societies, trusts).
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > FOREST CONSERVATION > p. 40
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 12: Indian Industry > NATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY COUNCIL (NPC) > p. 401
BNHS appears in a partners list alongside conservation NGOs; another reference describes the Wildlife Trust of India as an NGO β useful to contrast partner NGOs with ministry-run entities.
Questions often ask about publicβprivate/NGO partnerships in conservation and policymaking. Knowing typical NGO roles and examples (BNHS as partner; WTI as NGO) helps in framing answers on stakeholder roles, implementation, and community engagement. Prepare by cataloguing major NGOs and typical partnership models mentioned in syllabus texts.
- Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 27: Environmental Organizations > 7.6. TryIL$tIFE TRUST OF INDTA > p. 385
- Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 16: Conservation Efforts > Partners > p. 238
References indicate the Ministry (MoEF) funds and constitutes authorities for conservation measures and is cited as the nodal agency for environment/forest policy.
High-yield for UPSC: many questions probe which ministry is responsible for environmental schemes, funding patterns, and statutory authorities. Understanding MoEF's nodal/funding role helps distinguish which bodies are ministry-controlled versus externally partnered. Revise by mapping ministry responsibilities, annual reports and examples in NCERT/standard texts.
- Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 4: Aquatic Ecosystem > 4.I0. GOVERNMENT MEASURES TO PROTECT MANGROVE FOREST AND CORAL REEF(S) (OR COASTAL ECOSYSTEM) > p. 54
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 4: Climate of India > Flood Control Programme and Strategies > p. 52
- INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation > 48 INDIA : PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT > p. 48
Reference [1] lists biosphere reserve objectives that combine conserving biological diversity with promoting research and providing facilities for education, research, awareness and training β concepts central to the statement's components.
Understanding official objectives of protected-area frameworks (like biosphere reserves) is high-yield for UPSC environment questions; it connects to topics on protected areas, biodiversity policy, and conservation instruments. Learn by memorising key objectives and comparing them across schemes to answer questions about policy intent and design.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > BIOSPHERE RESERVES > p. 47
Reference [9] names the Bombay Natural History Society among partners in bird-conservation work; reference [5] describes how organizations (IUCN) support research, field projects and bring stakeholders together β showing the partnership role NGOs play in conservation action.
UPSC often asks about actors in conservation (state, NGOs, international bodies). Mastering how NGOs collaborate with governments and international bodies helps answer questions on implementation, partnerships, and project governance. Prepare by linking specific organizations to typical roles (research, field projects, advocacy).
- Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 16: Conservation Efforts > Partners > p. 238
- Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 28: International Organisation and Conventions > Missionss > p. 403
Reference [4] outlines a national scheme focused on promoting environmental education, awareness and training β the public-awareness and education elements cited in the statement are present in this policy-level evidence.
Knowledge of national schemes on environment education is frequently tested and ties into broader questions on awareness, behaviour change, and community participation in conservation. Study scheme objectives, target groups, and link them to outcomes (participation, training, materials).
- Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 6: Environmental Degradation and Management > EnvIronMEnt EducatIon, aWarEnESS and traInInG ScHEME (EEat). > p. 56
- Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 16: Conservation Efforts > National Wildlife Action Plan for 2017-2031 Components: > p. 247
Reference [2] lists BNHS among conservation partners, showing its role in multi-organization conservation efforts.
UPSC often asks about actors in biodiversity conservation (NGOs, research bodies, international partners). Understanding which organisations act as partners helps answer questions on conservation programmes, stakeholder roles and policy implementation; study official partner lists, case studies and roles of major NGOs to tackle such questions.
- Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 16: Conservation Efforts > Partners > p. 238
BNHS is the partner of 'BirdLife International' in India and has been designated as a 'Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation' (SIRO) by DST, but it is NOT under MoEF. Its logo is the Great Hornbill.
Name Heuristic: 'Bombay Natural History Society' sounds like a colonial-era voluntary association (est. 1883), unlike bureaucratic names like 'National Authority' or 'Central Board'. Also, Statement 3 (organizes nature trails) is a 'Generic Positive Activity'βextremely rare for such harmless statements to be false in UPSC. If 3 is true, and 1 is suspicious (NGO vibe), Option C is the logical winner.
Mains GS-3 (Conservation): This exemplifies the 'Role of Civil Society/NGOs' in environmental conservation. You can cite BNHS as a case study for successful ex-situ conservation (Vulture Breeding Centres) driven by non-state actors.