Question map
Consider the following pairs: 1. Harike Wetlands - Confluence of Beas and Satluj/Sutlej 2. Keoladeo Ghana National Park - Confluence of Banas and Chambal 3. Kolleru Lake - Confluence of Musi and Krishna Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?
Explanation
The Satluj River meets the Beas at Harike in the southwest corner of Kapurthala[1], and the Indira Gandhi Canal starts from the Harike Barrage at Harike, a few kilometers below the confluence of the Satluj and Beas rivers[2]. Therefore, **Pair 1 is correct**.
Keoladeo Ghana National Park in Rajasthan is fed by the Ban Ganga and Gambhir rivers, not the Banas and Chambal rivers[3]. Therefore, **Pair 2 is incorrect**.
Kolleru Lake in Andhra Pradesh is located between the deltas of the Godavari and Krishna rivers, not specifically at the confluence of the Musi and Krishna[4]. Therefore, **Pair 3 is incorrect**.
Since only the first pair is correctly matched, the answer is **option A (1 only)**.
Sources- [1] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > The Satluj (Satadru or Satudri) > p. 10
- [2] Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 11: Agriculture - Part II > Sources of Irrigation > p. 331
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis question tests the 'River-Ecosystem Nexus'. It is not enough to know lists of wetlands; you must overlay the Drainage map on the Protected Areas map. The examiner creates traps by pairing a famous site with a major river from the same state that does not actually feed it.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Are the Harike Wetlands in India located at the confluence of the Beas and Sutlej rivers?
- Statement 2: Is Keoladeo Ghana National Park in India located at the confluence of the Banas and Chambal rivers?
- Statement 3: Is Kolleru Lake in India located at the confluence of the Musi and Krishna rivers?
- Directly states that the Satluj (Sutlej) meets the Beas at Harike (southwest corner of Kapurthala).
- Names Harike as the location of the confluence, linking the place to both rivers.
- NCERT excerpt notes the river meets the Satluj near Harike, confirming Harike as the meeting point in the Punjab plains.
- Provides independent authoritative support (textbook) for the same locational claim.
- States the Harike Barrage is at Harike, a few kilometers below the confluence of the Satluj and Beas, corroborating Harike's immediate proximity to that confluence.
- Links human infrastructure (barrage/canal origin) to the geographic confluence location.
- Explicitly states Pair 2 (Keoladeo Ghana NP = Banas and Chambal) is incorrect.
- Specifies the actual rivers feeding Keoladeo Ghana NP are Ban Ganga and Gambhir, directly contradicting the claim.
- States Keoladeo Ghana National Park is formed by the confluence of Gambira (Gambhir) and Banganga (Ban Ganga) rivers.
- Provides an alternative river pair that contradicts the Banas–Chambal claim.
- Explicitly lists Keoladeo Ghana National Park as 'Confluence of Banas and Chambal', which supports the statement as asserted by some sources.
- Shows that conflicting (incorrect) claims exist in available web content.
States that the Banas is the main left‑bank tributary of the Chambal and lists towns (Kota, Bundi, Sawai‑Madhopur, Dholpur) along the Chambal’s course before it joins the Yamuna.
A student could use a map to locate where Banas meets Chambal relative to the towns named and compare that point to Bharatpur/Keoladeo’s location.
Identifies Keoladeo‑Ghana National Park as located in Bharatpur (Rajasthan), establishing the park’s district/state location.
Use the park’s known district (Bharatpur) on a map to see if that coincides with the Banas–Chambal confluence location.
Reiterates Keoladeo Ghana National Park is in Rajasthan and lists its national‑park status, emphasizing its fixed geographic identity.
Combine this fixed location with river course information (from snippet 1) to judge proximity to any confluence.
Again names Keoladeo‑Ghana as a Rajasthan park (and a wetland important for migratory birds), implying its geographic setting is a wetland in that district rather than necessarily a river confluence.
A student could compare typical wetland settings (e.g., former oxbow lakes, seasonal marshes) with river confluence sites on a map to assess plausibility.
Notes Keoladeo National Park’s international recognition (Montreux Record), reinforcing that its location is well‑documented and can be checked against river maps.
Use authoritative sources or maps referenced for internationally listed wetlands to locate the park and see if it lies at the Banas–Chambal confluence.
- Explicitly pairs Kolleru Lake with the Musi and Krishna rivers.
- Represents a source that claims the lake is at that confluence.
- Directly refutes the Musi–Krishna confluence claim.
- States the lake is located between the deltas of the Godavari and Krishna and that Musi is a tributary of Krishna.
- States Kolleru Lake is the confluence of Godavari and Krishna (an alternative pairing).
- Used in explaining the correct answer to the MCQ, contradicting the Musi–Krishna pairing.
States Kolleru Lake is located between the deltas of the Krishna and Godavari and serves as a natural flood‑balancing reservoir for the two rivers.
A student could infer that the lake lies between two major river systems (Krishna and Godavari) rather than at a small tributary confluence, so they should check maps to see if Musi meets Krishna near Kolleru.
Lists the Musi as one of the tributaries of the Krishna River.
Use this to reason that Musi meets Krishna somewhere along Krishna's course; a map lookup of where Musi joins Krishna versus where Kolleru lies would test whether the confluence is at the lake.
Describes Kolleru as an 'inland lagoon' lying to the southeast of Kakinada and associated with deltaic lagoons of the Godavari.
Combine this with a map: if Kolleru is tied to Godavari deltaic features near Kakinada, it is likely distant from an inland tributary confluence of Musi and Krishna.
Includes Kolleru among a list of lakes to be located on an outline map of India (implying its notable geographic position on the east coast between river deltas).
A student could mark Kolleru and then plot the Musi and Krishna to see relative positions and whether their confluence coincides with the lake.
- [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. Statement 1 is a basic NCERT fact (Class 11). Statements 2 and 3 are standard elimination if you know the general course of Krishna and Chambal.
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Drainage Systems & Ramsar Sites. Specifically, the 'Source of Water' for major wetlands.
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 'Feeder Rivers' for key wetlands: Chilika (Daya River), Wular (Jhelum), Keoladeo (Gambhir & Banganga), Sambhar (Mendha, Rupangarh), Loktak (Manipur River system), and Bhitarkanika (Brahmani-Baitarani delta).
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Do not study rivers and parks in isolation. When reading about a National Park, ask: 'Which river flows through it?' When reading about a River, ask: 'Which parks are on its banks?' This cross-mapping is the key.
The references repeatedly identify Harike as the place where the Satluj (Sutlej) and Beas meet, using a confluence to define location.
Confluences are high-yield geographic identifiers frequently used to locate towns, wetlands, and infrastructure; mastering this helps answer location-based questions and reason about river systems and plains. Study by mapping major Indian river confluences and linking them to nearby settlements and projects.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > The Satluj (Satadru or Satudri) > p. 10
- INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 3: Drainage System > The Indus System > p. 21
Evidence ties Harike Lake/wetland to Harike Barrage and canal infrastructure situated at/near the Beas–Sutlej confluence.
Understanding the interplay between wetlands and water infrastructure is useful for questions on resource management, irrigation projects, and environmental geography. Focus on case studies where wetlands, barrages, and canals co-locate; note cause–effect links in policy and geography questions.
- Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 11: Agriculture - Part II > Sources of Irrigation > p. 331
- Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > MAngrove (forests). > p. 51
NCERT explicitly records that the rivers meet near Harike, providing reliable curricular corroboration.
NCERTs are frequently referenced in UPSC prelims and mains for core geography facts; mastering such passages allows quick, defensible answers. Practice extracting direct locational facts from NCERT excerpts and cross-check with other authoritative sources in study notes.
- INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 3: Drainage System > The Indus System > p. 21
Multiple references identify Keoladeo Ghana as a named national park/bird sanctuary in Rajasthan (Bharatpur) and note its wetland/bird significance.
High-yield for UPSC: knowing prominent protected areas and their state locations is frequently tested in Geography and Environment. It connects to topics on wetlands, migratory birds, and conservation policy. Study strategy: memorize key parks by state, their ecosystem type (wetland/forest/desert), and any international listings.
- Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > Table 4.10 (Contd.) > p. 39
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Popular National Parks of India > p. 43
- Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 28: International Organisation and Conventions > Indian wetland and the Montreux Record > p. 397
References describe the Chambal's course and state that the Banas is a main left-bank tributary of the Chambal.
Rivers and drainage patterns are core geography topics on UPSC—questions often ask about river origins, tributary systems, and confluences. Understanding tributary relationships helps eliminate options in map- and river-system questions. Preparation: review major river courses, tributary networks, and associated states/landforms.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > The Chambal > p. 14
- INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 3: Drainage System > Do you Know? > p. 22
Keoladeo is specifically mentioned as included in the Montreux Record, highlighting its status as an internationally noted wetland.
Important for Environment paper: knowledge of international conventions/listings (Ramsar, Montreux Record) applied to Indian sites is commonly examined. It links to biodiversity, policy, and conservation practice. Preparation: compile lists of Indian wetlands/parks with international designations and reasons for listing.
- Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 28: International Organisation and Conventions > Indian wetland and the Montreux Record > p. 397
References identify Kolleru as an inland lagoon/lake situated between the deltas of the Krishna and Godavari rivers (not at a Musi–Krishna confluence).
High-yield for UPSC geography: knowing specific lake locations and their relation to major river deltas helps answer questions on coastal features, wetlands, and state/regional geography. Connects to topics on wetlands (Ramsar sites), coastal plains, and river delta geomorphology. Prepare by memorising major lakes with their basin/delta contexts and practising map questions.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > The Godavari > p. 21
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Kolleru Lake > p. 30
The confluence of Banas, Chambal, and Sip rivers is a famous pilgrimage site called 'Rameshwaram Ghat' (Triveni Sangam) in Sawai Madhopur, Rajasthan. This is the actual geographic feature for the rivers mentioned in Statement 2.
Topographic Common Sense: Kolleru is a 'Coastal' lake (located between deltas). The Musi river flows through Hyderabad (Deccan Plateau) and joins Krishna upstream. A plateau tributary confluence cannot physically be the location of a coastal deltaic lake. Eliminate Statement 3 immediately.
Harike Barrage is the source of the Indira Gandhi Canal. This links Geography to Economy (Green Revolution in Rajasthan) and International Relations (Indus Water Treaty—India utilizes Sutlej/Beas waters here before they enter Pakistan).