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A community of people called Manganiyars is well-known for their
Explanation
The Manganiyars are professional Muslim folk musicians belonging to Jaisalmer, Barmer, parts of Jalor, Bikaner and Jodhpur districts[4], which are located in Rajasthan in North-West India. They are known for their rich musical tradition[5]. This community has preserved and performed traditional folk music for generations, making them an integral part of Rajasthan's cultural heritage. The other options are incorrect as Manganiyars are neither associated with martial arts in North-East India, classical vocal music in South India, nor the pietra dura (decorative stone inlay) tradition in Central India. Their identity is specifically linked to the folk musical heritage of North-West India, particularly the desert regions of Rajasthan.
Sources- [1] https://abhipedia.abhimanu.com/Article/4/NzE2MTMEEQQVV/A-community-of-people-called-Manganiyars-is-well-known-for-their-for-UPSC-Civil-Services-Examination-General-Studies-
- [2] https://abhipedia.abhimanu.com/Article/4/NzE2MTMEEQQVV/A-community-of-people-called-Manganiyars-is-well-known-for-their-for-UPSC-Civil-Services-Examination-General-Studies-
- [3] https://abhipedia.abhimanu.com/Article/4/NzE2MTMEEQQVV/A-community-of-people-called-Manganiyars-is-well-known-for-their-for-UPSC-Civil-Services-Examination-General-Studies-
- [4] https://abhipedia.abhimanu.com/Article/4/NzE2MTMEEQQVV/A-community-of-people-called-Manganiyars-is-well-known-for-their-for-UPSC-Civil-Services-Examination-General-Studies-
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis question rewards 'Cultural General Knowledge' over rote textbook learning. It highlights the importance of regional folk traditions (Little Traditions) alongside classical ones. If you knew Rajasthan's desert music or followed cultural news (like the Rajasthan International Folk Festival), this was a 2-second kill.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Is the community of people called Manganiyars known for martial arts in North-East India?
- Statement 2: Is the community of people called Manganiyars known for a musical tradition in North-West India?
- Statement 3: Is the community of people called Manganiyars known for classical vocal music in South India?
- Statement 4: Is the community of people called Manganiyars known for the pietra dura tradition in Central India?
- Explicitly identifies Manganiyars as professional folk musicians from Rajasthan (North‑West India).
- Directly contradicts the claim that they are known for martial arts in North‑East India.
- Shows the multiple-choice question listing 'musical tradition in North-West India' as the correct option for Manganiyars.
- Indicates the martial‑arts/North‑East option is not the correct identification.
- States Manganiyars are a community of musicians predominantly found in Rajasthan (North‑West India).
- Reinforces that their notable identity is musical, not martial arts in the North‑East.
Gives a general definition of 'community' as people linked by region, religion, work or interest — useful for interpreting whether 'Manganiyars' denotes a regional community.
A student could use this rule to check whether Manganiyars are defined by a North‑East regional origin (vs. another region) by consulting a map or a community list.
Lists and bounds the North‑East region (the 'seven sisters' plus Sikkim) — establishes the geographic scope for any claim about a community being 'in North‑East India'.
A student could compare the known home region of the Manganiyars (from a gazetteer or map) against this list to see if they fall inside the NE states.
Provides a table of tribal population concentrations in the North‑Eastern Region — implies that many recognized communities in the NE are tribal and regionally concentrated.
Use this pattern to check whether Manganiyars appear among listed NE communities/tribes or are instead associated with other regions.
Describes the North‑East as composed of specific states and highlights distinctive native tribal populations — suggests that claims about a community in the NE should align with documented tribal/regional groups.
A student could test the statement by seeing if Manganiyars are documented among native NE tribes or are known from other parts of India.
Gives an example (the Nagas) of a prominent, regionally concentrated tribe in the NE with distinct cultural identity — shows that well‑known NE communities are usually local tribal groups.
Compare Manganiyars' cultural/ethnic profile against examples like the Nagas to judge plausibility of them being a martial NE community.
- Explicitly identifies Manganiyars as professional folk musicians.
- Specifies geographic districts in Rajasthan, supporting the North‑West India location.
- Contains the question and answer stating Manganiyars are well-known for a musical tradition in North‑West India.
- Directly matches the phrasing of the claim in the statement.
- States Manganiyars are a community of musicians in the Rajasthan area of North‑West India.
- Notes they are known for a rich musical tradition passed down generations.
Describes the Punjab-Haryana plains and names the region between Indus and Satluj as the 'Punjab Himalaya' — helps identify what is conventionally meant by 'North-West India'.
A student could combine this regional definition with a map to check whether Manganiyars are reported from districts within the North‑West (e.g., parts of Rajasthan or neighbouring Punjab), supporting a geographic plausibility test.
Explains Himalayan divisions including the region traditionally called Punjab Himalaya, further clarifying the north‑west physiographic area of India.
Use this physiographic framing plus a map to situate communities and ask whether Manganiyars are located in or near these north‑west zones.
Notes constant interaction between folk/tribal traditions and mainstream religious/cultural forms, implying that regional folk musical traditions often exist and circulate.
A student could infer that if Manganiyars are a regional folk/artist community, they might possess a distinct musical tradition; then check ethnographic or regional sources for confirmation.
Mentions that Late Vedic culture has evidence of music and instruments (lute, flute, drum), showing long‑standing presence of musical traditions in Indian cultural history.
Combine this general pattern (historical persistence of music) with a search for folk musician communities in specific regions (north‑west) to see if Manganiyars fit that recurring pattern.
Describes cultural/religious differences in north India (e.g., patronage patterns) which can shape where courtly or folk musical traditions develop.
A student might use this to reason that distinct local musical communities (like itinerant or court-associated musicians) could arise in north‑west states and then seek regional ethnographies mentioning Manganiyars.
- Explicitly lists the UPSC options and indicates the correct choice is musical tradition in North-West India (option B), not classical vocal music in South India (option C).
- Directly associates Manganiyars with musical tradition in the North-West, refuting the statement that they are known for South Indian classical vocal music.
- States that the Manganiyars are professional Muslim folk musicians from districts in Rajasthan (Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jalor, Bikaner, Jodhpur).
- Identifies them as folk musicians of the North-West region, contradicting the claim that they are classical vocal musicians of South India.
- Describes the distinction between folk and classical musical styles in Rajasthan, implying Manganiyars are associated with folk traditions.
- Notes the Manganiyars' presence in Jaisalmer/Barmer (Rajasthan), i.e., North-West India, not South Indian classical vocal music.
States that from the Pallava period onwards artists were attached to temples with state patronage to promote fine arts like music and dance — indicating an institutional base for classical music in South India.
A student could use this to check whether Manganiyars are historically connected to South Indian temple/music institutions (geographic and institutional origins) to judge if they fit this pattern.
Notes great advancements in culture and literature in South India including new grounds in devotional literature, art and architecture, implying regional development of distinctive classical traditions.
A student could compare the regional origins of the Manganiyars with the regions identified here as centers of South Indian classical culture to see if they overlap.
Describes Pallavas as great patrons of art and architecture in parts of present-day Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh — showing classical arts were patronised across specific southern regions.
A student could locate on a map where Manganiyars are reported to live and see if those locations coincide with these southern patronage centers.
Describes the Classical Sangam corpus and Tholkappiyam as early Tamil grammatical and cultural records, indicating a long-standing, region-specific classical tradition in South India.
A student could ask whether Manganiyars are mentioned in South Indian literary/cultural records or whether their traditions appear in these regional corpora.
Notes prominent North Indian classical musicians (Tansen) and Mughal patronage of music, illustrating that classical music traditions and patronage also existed in the north, implying potential geographic differentiation of musical communities.
A student could use this pattern of north-vs-south musical centres to check whether Manganiyars are associated with northern musical traditions rather than South Indian classical vocal music.
- Explicitly identifies the Manganiyars as professional folk musicians from Rajasthan (North-West India).
- Shows they are a musical community, which contradicts the claim that they are known for pietra dura in Central India.
- Presents the multiple-choice item and lists option (b) as 'musical tradition in North-West India'.
- The item context associates Manganiyars with musical tradition rather than pietra dura.
- Shows the same question and indicates the correct answer is (b) (Ans: B).
- Includes the distractor 'd) pietra dura tradition in Central India' but marks musical tradition as correct, refuting the statement.
Defines pietra dura as a distinctive pictorial mosaic technique associated with Mughal architecture and monumental buildings.
A student could check where pietra dura workshops and Mughal monuments are located (e.g., Agra/Delhi) and compare those locations with where Manganiyar communities are based to see if geographic/technical overlap makes attribution plausible.
Lists regions (including Rajasthan and southern Madhya Pradesh) as cultural/geographic zones and names local communities (e.g., Gonds, Bhils), illustrating how crafts and communities are regionally distributed.
Use this regional listing to locate Rajasthan/Central India on a map and then check whether Manganiyars are a community from those regions and whether pietra dura practice is documented there.
Gives an example of a specific Central India locality (Jhabua, Madhya Pradesh) and its local community (Bhil), showing the presence of distinct regional communities and traditions in Central India.
A student could similarly look up whether Manganiyars are present in Central India (e.g., Jhabua or nearby districts) and whether pietra dura is a local craft there, to judge the statement.
Notes that indigenous/tribal peoples occupy areas in India including Central India and that indigenous groups maintain distinct cultural identities.
This prompts checking whether Manganiyars are characterized as an indigenous/tribal community of Central India and whether pietra dura is part of such indigenous artisan traditions in that region.
- [THE VERDICT]: Moderate. While not always in basic NCERTs in 2014, it is a staple of 'Living Heritage' topics now. Source: Cultural Current Affairs / CCRT Website.
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Intangible Cultural Heritage > Folk Music Traditions of India > Regional Communities.
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize sibling folk communities: Langas (Rajasthan - Sindhi Sarangi), Bauls (West Bengal - Ektara), Patuas (Bengal - Scroll painting + Song), Warli (Maharashtra - Painting), and Siddis (Gujarat - Dhamal dance).
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Create a 'Community-Region-Art' matrix. UPSC loves living heritage (folk/tribal arts) as much as the 'Great Traditions' (Classical). Map specific communities to their geography and instruments.
Determining whether a community is 'in North-East India' requires knowing which states constitute the region; references list the region's states explicitly.
High-yield for prelims and mains: questions often ask about regional composition, strategic location, and demographics of the North-East. Connects to topics in geography, border security, and regional policy. Prepare by memorizing the state list, studying maps, and reading NCERT chapters on the North-East.
- Politics in India since Independence, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Regional Aspirations > The North-East > p. 126
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > Terrorism in North-eastern India > p. 55
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 13: Cultural Setting > Table 13.2 > p. 22
Whether a named community belongs to the North-East can be checked against documented tribal/ethnic groups and their distribution; references describe the Nagas and tribal concentration patterns.
Important for questions on ethnic composition, tribal polity, and cultural geography. Links to insurgency, autonomy movements, and state politics. Study tribal maps, NCERT cultural-setting chapters, and lists/tables of tribal concentrations for quick identification.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 13: Cultural Setting > The Nagas > p. 35
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 13: Cultural Setting > Table 13.2 > p. 22
Claims about a named community's prominence in the region intersect with issues of local identity and outsider/migrant tensions documented in the references.
Relevant to polity and contemporary history: frequently tested via case studies like the Assam Movement and broader regional movements. Helps answer questions on causes of unrest, resource conflicts, and ethnic mobilization. Revise NCERT accounts of migration-induced tensions and specific movements.
- Politics in India since Independence, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Regional Aspirations > Movements against outsiders > p. 129
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > Terrorism in North-eastern India > p. 55
The claim locates a musical community in North‑West India; understanding physiographic and regional divisions (e.g., Punjab–Haryana plains) helps place cultural groups geographically.
UPSC questions often link cultural practices to regions; mastering major physiographic/cultural regions lets candidates situate communities and traditions, compare regional patterns, and eliminate distractors. Prepare by mapping cultural traits onto physical regions and practising source-based location questions.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 2: Physiography > 2. The Punjab Haryana Plains > p. 39
Assessing whether a musical tradition is characteristic of a named community requires knowing how folk/tribal practices interact with mainstream culture (e.g., tribal deities becoming part of Hindu worship).
High-yield for culture/religion topics: UPSC often asks about syncretism, origin of practices, and cultural transmission. Master by studying examples of folk-to-mainstream exchange and using them to explain continuity/change in cultural practices.
- Exploring Society:India and Beyond. Social Science-Class VI . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 7: India's Cultural Roots > What is a tribe? > p. 121
Determining whether a community is 'known for a musical tradition' benefits from familiarity with how historical texts and sources record music and instruments.
Useful for history/culture questions asking about early evidence of arts. Knowing where music is attested in sources helps evaluate claims about traditional practices. Revise primary textual references and types of archaeological/ textual evidence cited.
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 2: Early India: The Chalcolithic, Megalithic, Iron Age and Vedic Cultures > Other aspects of Life > p. 31
References describe how from the Pallava period temples and state patrons maintained trained artists and promoted fine arts such as music and dance.
UPSC frequently asks about the role of religious institutions and state patronage in cultural development. Mastering this helps answer questions on cultural policy, regional art histories and continuity/change in performing arts. Prepare by linking dynastic patronage (e.g., Pallavas) to institutional support for arts and citing concrete examples from temple culture.
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Bhakti and the Arts > p. 130
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > 9.2Pallavas > p. 121
The 'Langas' are the sibling community to the Manganiyars, often mentioned together. The key differentiator: Manganiyars play the 'Kamaicha' (bowed instrument), while Langas play the 'Sindhi Sarangi'.
Linguistic Profiling: The name 'Manganiyar' has a Persian/Urdu phonetic influence common to the North-West frontier (Rajasthan/Sindh). North-East names are typically Tibeto-Burman. South Indian classical traditions are usually associated with specific lineages (Gharanas/Sampradayas) rather than a single tribal community name like this.
Mains GS-1 (Indian Heritage): The Manganiyars represent the 'Guru-Shishya parampara' in oral folk traditions. Their struggle for patronage is a prime case study for the 'Preservation of Intangible Cultural Heritage' and the impact of tourism on traditional arts.