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Q91 (IAS/2014) History & Culture › Heritage & Misc Culture › Traditional music forms Official Key

A community of people called Manganiyars is well-known for their

Explanation

The Manganiyars are professional Muslim folk musicians belonging to Jaisalmer, Barmer, parts of Jalor, Bikaner and Jodhpur districts[4], which are located in Rajasthan in North-West India. They are known for their rich musical tradition[5]. This community has preserved and performed traditional folk music for generations, making them an integral part of Rajasthan's cultural heritage. The other options are incorrect as Manganiyars are neither associated with martial arts in North-East India, classical vocal music in South India, nor the pietra dura (decorative stone inlay) tradition in Central India. Their identity is specifically linked to the folk musical heritage of North-West India, particularly the desert regions of Rajasthan.

Sources
  1. [1] https://abhipedia.abhimanu.com/Article/4/NzE2MTMEEQQVV/A-community-of-people-called-Manganiyars-is-well-known-for-their-for-UPSC-Civil-Services-Examination-General-Studies-
  2. [2] https://abhipedia.abhimanu.com/Article/4/NzE2MTMEEQQVV/A-community-of-people-called-Manganiyars-is-well-known-for-their-for-UPSC-Civil-Services-Examination-General-Studies-
  3. [3] https://abhipedia.abhimanu.com/Article/4/NzE2MTMEEQQVV/A-community-of-people-called-Manganiyars-is-well-known-for-their-for-UPSC-Civil-Services-Examination-General-Studies-
  4. [4] https://abhipedia.abhimanu.com/Article/4/NzE2MTMEEQQVV/A-community-of-people-called-Manganiyars-is-well-known-for-their-for-UPSC-Civil-Services-Examination-General-Studies-
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Q. A community of people called Manganiyars is well-known for their [A] martial arts in North-East India [B] musical tradition in North-We…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 10/10

This question rewards 'Cultural General Knowledge' over rote textbook learning. It highlights the importance of regional folk traditions (Little Traditions) alongside classical ones. If you knew Rajasthan's desert music or followed cultural news (like the Rajasthan International Folk Festival), this was a 2-second kill.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Is the community of people called Manganiyars known for martial arts in North-East India?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The Manganiyars are professional Muslim folk musicians belonging to Jaisalmer, Barmer, parts of Jalor, Bikaner and Jodhpur districts"
Why this source?
  • Explicitly identifies Manganiyars as professional folk musicians from Rajasthan (North‑West India).
  • Directly contradicts the claim that they are known for martial arts in North‑East India.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"musical tradition in North-West India"
Why this source?
  • Shows the multiple-choice question listing 'musical tradition in North-West India' as the correct option for Manganiyars.
  • Indicates the martial‑arts/North‑East option is not the correct identification.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Manganiyars are a community of musicians predominantly found in the Rajasthan area of North-West India."
Why this source?
  • States Manganiyars are a community of musicians predominantly found in Rajasthan (North‑West India).
  • Reinforces that their notable identity is musical, not martial arts in the North‑East.

Exploring Society:India and Beyond. Social Science-Class VI . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 9: Family and Community > LET'S EXPLORE > p. 148
Strength: 4/5
“• A group of people of a particular religion, region, common work or interest, especially a smaller group, may also be called a community; for instance, 'Mumbai's Parsi community', 'Chennai's Sikh community', 'America's Indian community', 'Kerala's scientific community', 'our school's art community', 'the village's farming community', and so on… The list is endless!• In your school, you may be part of different communities — your class, of course, but also the sports community, the National Service Scheme, the National Cadet Corps, a science or drama club, etc.”
Why relevant

Gives a general definition of 'community' as people linked by region, religion, work or interest — useful for interpreting whether 'Manganiyars' denotes a regional community.

How to extend

A student could use this rule to check whether Manganiyars are defined by a North‑East regional origin (vs. another region) by consulting a map or a community list.

Politics in India since Independence, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Regional Aspirations > The North-East > p. 126
Strength: 5/5
“In the North-East, regional aspirations reached a turning point in 1980s. This region now consists of eight States. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram and Meghalaya, which earlier constituted the North-East region, are often called "the seven sisters". Sikkim, which has been added to the list is– referred to as the 'Brother' to those seven states. The region has only 4 per cent of the country's population but about twice as much share of its area. A small corridor of about 22 kilometers connects the region to the rest of the country. Otherwise the region shares boundaries with China, Myanmar and Bangladesh and serves as India's gateway to South East Asia.”
Why relevant

Lists and bounds the North‑East region (the 'seven sisters' plus Sikkim) — establishes the geographic scope for any claim about a community being 'in North‑East India'.

How to extend

A student could compare the known home region of the Manganiyars (from a gazetteer or map) against this list to see if they fall inside the NE states.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 13: Cultural Setting > Table 13.2 > p. 22
Strength: 4/5
“Main Areas of Concentration of Tribal Population • 1.: 2.; The North Eastern Region (NER): The Central Tribal Belt; Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura.: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Dadar & Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, and West Bengal. • 1.: 3.; The North Eastern Region (NER): Other States and Union Territories; Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura.: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.”
Why relevant

Provides a table of tribal population concentrations in the North‑Eastern Region — implies that many recognized communities in the NE are tribal and regionally concentrated.

How to extend

Use this pattern to check whether Manganiyars appear among listed NE communities/tribes or are instead associated with other regions.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > Terrorism in North-eastern India > p. 55
Strength: 3/5
“North Eastern India consists of seven states (also known as the seven sisters): Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Tripura. Tension exists between these states and the Central Government, as well as amongst the tribal people, who are natives of these states, and migrant peoples from other parts of India. The states have accused New Delhi of ignoring the issues concerning them. It is this feeling which has led to the greater participation of the natives of these states in self governance. There are existing territorial disputes between Manipur and Nagaland. There is a rise of insurgent activities and regional movements in the northeast, especially in the states of Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura.”
Why relevant

Describes the North‑East as composed of specific states and highlights distinctive native tribal populations — suggests that claims about a community in the NE should align with documented tribal/regional groups.

How to extend

A student could test the statement by seeing if Manganiyars are documented among native NE tribes or are known from other parts of India.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 13: Cultural Setting > The Nagas > p. 35
Strength: 2/5
“The Nagas (population about 2 million) are one of the largest and politically awakened tribes of north east India. Their cultural core is Nagaland where they account for about 86.5% of the total population. The spatial distribution of some of the important tribes of north east India including that of Nagas has been shown in (Fig. 13.10). They are in good numerical strength in Manipur, followed by Assam, and Meghalaya. They are also found in the border districts of Myanmar. Their terrain is characterised by the serrated ridges of the Brail Range and the Arakan Yoma. Nagaland has a cold winter and moderately hot and humid summer.”
Why relevant

Gives an example (the Nagas) of a prominent, regionally concentrated tribe in the NE with distinct cultural identity — shows that well‑known NE communities are usually local tribal groups.

How to extend

Compare Manganiyars' cultural/ethnic profile against examples like the Nagas to judge plausibility of them being a martial NE community.

Statement 2
Is the community of people called Manganiyars known for a musical tradition in North-West India?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The Manganiyars are professional Muslim folk musicians belonging to Jaisalmer, Barmer, parts of Jalor, Bikaner and Jodhpur districts"
Why this source?
  • Explicitly identifies Manganiyars as professional folk musicians.
  • Specifies geographic districts in Rajasthan, supporting the North‑West India location.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"A community of people called Manganiyars is well-known for their (b) musical tradition in North-West India"
Why this source?
  • Contains the question and answer stating Manganiyars are well-known for a musical tradition in North‑West India.
  • Directly matches the phrasing of the claim in the statement.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Manganiyars are a community of musicians predominantly found in the Rajasthan area of North-West India. They are known for their rich musical tradition"
Why this source?
  • States Manganiyars are a community of musicians in the Rajasthan area of North‑West India.
  • Notes they are known for a rich musical tradition passed down generations.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 2: Physiography > 2. The Punjab Haryana Plains > p. 39
Strength: 4/5
“Stretching over an area of about 650 km from north-east to southwest and 300 km from west to east, the Punjab-Haryana Plain is an aggradational plain, deposited by the Satluj, Beas, and Ravi rivers. The height of the plains varies from 300 m in the north-near Jammu and Kathua to 200 m in the south-east. In the east the Delhi Ridge separates it from the Gangetic Plain. The general direction of slope is from north-east to south-west and south. The main topographical features of the Punjab-Haryana Plains are bluffs, locally called as Dhaya, as high as three metres or more, and the Khadar belts known as Bet.”
Why relevant

Describes the Punjab-Haryana plains and names the region between Indus and Satluj as the 'Punjab Himalaya' — helps identify what is conventionally meant by 'North-West India'.

How to extend

A student could combine this regional definition with a map to check whether Manganiyars are reported from districts within the North‑West (e.g., parts of Rajasthan or neighbouring Punjab), supporting a geographic plausibility test.

CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Physical Features of India > MAJOR PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS > p. 10
Strength: 3/5
“of 10-50 Km and have an altitude varying between 900 and 1100 metres. These ranges are composed of unconsolidated sediments brought down by rivers from the main Himalayan ranges located farther north. These valleys are covered with thick gravel and alluvium. The longitudinal valley lying between lesser Himalaya and the Shiwaliks are known as Duns. Dehra Dun, Kotli Dun and Patli Dun are some of the well-known Duns. Besides the longitudinal divisions, the Himalayas have been divided on the basis of regions from west to east. These divisions have been demarcated by river valleys. For example, the part of Himalayas lying between Indus and Satluj has been traditionally known as Punjab Himalaya but it is also known regionally as Kashmir and Himachal Himalaya from west to east respectively.”
Why relevant

Explains Himalayan divisions including the region traditionally called Punjab Himalaya, further clarifying the north‑west physiographic area of India.

How to extend

Use this physiographic framing plus a map to situate communities and ask whether Manganiyars are located in or near these north‑west zones.

Exploring Society:India and Beyond. Social Science-Class VI . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 7: India's Cultural Roots > What is a tribe? > p. 121
Strength: 5/5
“There has been a constant interaction between folk and tribal traditions, and the leading schools of thought such as those we mentioned in this chapter. Deities, concepts, legends and rituals have been freely exchanged in both directions. For instance, according to tradition, Jagannath, worshipped at Puri (Odisha), was originally a tribal deity; this is also the case with various forms of the mother-goddess worshipped across India. Some tribes, on the other hand, adopted Hindu deities long ago, and possess their own versions of the Mahābhārata and the Rāmāyaṇa — this has been well documented from India's northeastern States, all the way to Tamil Nadu.”
Why relevant

Notes constant interaction between folk/tribal traditions and mainstream religious/cultural forms, implying that regional folk musical traditions often exist and circulate.

How to extend

A student could infer that if Manganiyars are a regional folk/artist community, they might possess a distinct musical tradition; then check ethnographic or regional sources for confirmation.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 2: Early India: The Chalcolithic, Megalithic, Iron Age and Vedic Cultures > Other aspects of Life > p. 31
Strength: 3/5
“The Late Vedic culture has evidence of music and fine arts. Music instruments such as lute, flute and drum are referred to in the texts. With the development of cultivation and pastoralism, different types of food and drinks made of grains, milk and ghee and plants were consumed. Evidence of the use of silk and ornaments of metal, gold and copper is found. Metal mirrors were also used.”
Why relevant

Mentions that Late Vedic culture has evidence of music and instruments (lute, flute, drum), showing long‑standing presence of musical traditions in Indian cultural history.

How to extend

Combine this general pattern (historical persistence of music) with a search for folk musician communities in specific regions (north‑west) to see if Manganiyars fit that recurring pattern.

THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART II, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions > 4. Religious Ferment in North India > p. 148
Strength: 2/5
“During the same period, in north India deities such as Vishnu and Shiva were worshipped in temples, often built with the support of rulers. However, historians have not found evidence of anything resembling the compositions of the Alvars and Nayanars till the fourteenth century. How do we account for this difference? Some historians point out that in north India this was the period when several Rajput states emerged. In most of these states Brahmanas occupied positions of importance, performing a range of secular and ritual functions. There seems to have been little or no attempt to challenge their position directly.”
Why relevant

Describes cultural/religious differences in north India (e.g., patronage patterns) which can shape where courtly or folk musical traditions develop.

How to extend

A student might use this to reason that distinct local musical communities (like itinerant or court-associated musicians) could arise in north‑west states and then seek regional ethnographies mentioning Manganiyars.

Statement 3
Is the community of people called Manganiyars known for classical vocal music in South India?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"A community of people called Manganiyars is well-known for their (b) musical tradition in North-West India (c) Classical vocal music in South India ... B"
Why this source?
  • Explicitly lists the UPSC options and indicates the correct choice is musical tradition in North-West India (option B), not classical vocal music in South India (option C).
  • Directly associates Manganiyars with musical tradition in the North-West, refuting the statement that they are known for South Indian classical vocal music.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The Manganiyars are professional Muslim folk musicians belonging to Jaisalmer, Barmer, parts of Jalor, Bikaner and Jodhpur districts"
Why this source?
  • States that the Manganiyars are professional Muslim folk musicians from districts in Rajasthan (Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jalor, Bikaner, Jodhpur).
  • Identifies them as folk musicians of the North-West region, contradicting the claim that they are classical vocal musicians of South India.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"there is a clear distinction between folk and classical musical styles in Rajasthan The Manganiyars in Jaisalmer have migrated from villages near Barmer district"
Why this source?
  • Describes the distinction between folk and classical musical styles in Rajasthan, implying Manganiyars are associated with folk traditions.
  • Notes the Manganiyars' presence in Jaisalmer/Barmer (Rajasthan), i.e., North-West India, not South Indian classical vocal music.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Bhakti and the Arts > p. 130
Strength: 5/5
“Originating with folk dancing, the choreography of temple dancing became highly sophisticated and complex renderings. 130 | Cultural Development in South India of religious themes as apparent in the final form. From the Pallava period onwards, trained groups of dancers were maintained by more prosperous temples. Classic scenes from puranas and itihasas were sculpted on the walls of the temples, in bronze and stone. Subsequently, artists were attached to the temples with state patronage in order to promote the fine arts like music, dance and others.”
Why relevant

States that from the Pallava period onwards artists were attached to temples with state patronage to promote fine arts like music and dance — indicating an institutional base for classical music in South India.

How to extend

A student could use this to check whether Manganiyars are historically connected to South Indian temple/music institutions (geographic and institutional origins) to judge if they fit this pattern.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Introduction > p. 117
Strength: 4/5
“The political history of south India during the sixth century to ninth century CE was marked by conflicts between the Chalukyas of Badami (Vatapi) (also known as Western Chalukyas), and the Pallavas of Kanchi. At the same time, the period also saw great advancements in the field of culture and literature. It also broke new grounds in areas like devotional literature, art and architecture.”
Why relevant

Notes great advancements in culture and literature in South India including new grounds in devotional literature, art and architecture, implying regional development of distinctive classical traditions.

How to extend

A student could compare the regional origins of the Manganiyars with the regions identified here as centers of South Indian classical culture to see if they overlap.

Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 7: The Gupta Era: An Age of Tireless Creativity > Meanwhile in the South and Northeast ... > p. 161
Strength: 4/5
“Let us go back to the map in Fig. 7.8. While the Guptas ruled in the north, the Pallavas emerged as a powerful dynasty in the south, gradually consolidating their power in parts of presentday Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. Their origins are not clearly known, but they appear to have been a tributary power under the Sātavāhanas, whom we encountered in the previous chapter, and to have gained power as the Sātavāhanas declined. The Pallavas were also great patrons of art and architecture. Most of them were devotees of Śhiva and are credited with constructing magnificent temples and rock-cut caves, some of which we will visit when we explore classical Indian architecture.”
Why relevant

Describes Pallavas as great patrons of art and architecture in parts of present-day Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh — showing classical arts were patronised across specific southern regions.

How to extend

A student could locate on a map where Manganiyars are reported to live and see if those locations coincide with these southern patronage centers.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 5: Evolution of Society in South India > Classical Tamil Literature > p. 64
Strength: 3/5
“The Classical Sangam corpus consists of Tholkappiyam, the eight anthologies (Ettuthogai), Ten Idylls (Paththuppattu). Tholkappiyam is the earliest extant Tamil grammatical text dealing not only with poetry but also the society and culture of the times. The Pathinen Kilkanakku (18 minor works) and the five epics belong to post-Sangam times (fourth to sixth century CE) and describe a different social and cultural set-up.”
Why relevant

Describes the Classical Sangam corpus and Tholkappiyam as early Tamil grammatical and cultural records, indicating a long-standing, region-specific classical tradition in South India.

How to extend

A student could ask whether Manganiyars are mentioned in South Indian literary/cultural records or whether their traditions appear in these regional corpora.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 14: The Mughal Empire > Music and Dance > p. 218
Strength: 3/5
“According to Ain-i-Akbari, Tansen of Gwalior, credited with composing many ragas, was patronised by Akbar along with 35 other musicians. Jahangir and Shah Jahan were patrons of music. Though there is a popular misconception that Aurangzeb was against music, a large number of books on Indian classical music were written during his regime. His queens, princes and nobles continued to patronise music.”
Why relevant

Notes prominent North Indian classical musicians (Tansen) and Mughal patronage of music, illustrating that classical music traditions and patronage also existed in the north, implying potential geographic differentiation of musical communities.

How to extend

A student could use this pattern of north-vs-south musical centres to check whether Manganiyars are associated with northern musical traditions rather than South Indian classical vocal music.

Statement 4
Is the community of people called Manganiyars known for the pietra dura tradition in Central India?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The Manganiyars are professional Muslim folk musicians belonging to Jaisalmer, Barmer, parts of Jalor, Bikaner and Jodhpur districts"
Why this source?
  • Explicitly identifies the Manganiyars as professional folk musicians from Rajasthan (North-West India).
  • Shows they are a musical community, which contradicts the claim that they are known for pietra dura in Central India.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"(b) musical tradition in North-West India"
Why this source?
  • Presents the multiple-choice item and lists option (b) as 'musical tradition in North-West India'.
  • The item context associates Manganiyars with musical tradition rather than pietra dura.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"d) pietra dura tradition in Central India Ans: B"
Why this source?
  • Shows the same question and indicates the correct answer is (b) (Ans: B).
  • Includes the distractor 'd) pietra dura tradition in Central India' but marks musical tradition as correct, refuting the statement.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 14: The Mughal Empire > Architecture > p. 217
Strength: 5/5
“Architectural progress during the Mughals is a landmark in world art. Mughal buildings were noted for the massive structures decorated with bulbous domes, splendorous minarets, cupolas in the four corners, elaborate designs, and pietra dura (pictorial mosaic work). The mosques built during the time of Babur and Humayun are not of much architectural significance. The Sur dynasty left behind a few spectacular specimens in the form of the Purana Oila at Delhi, and the tombs of Sher Shah and Islam Shah at Sasaram in Bihar. During Akbar's reign, Humayun's tomb was enclosed with gardens and placed on a raised platform.”
Why relevant

Defines pietra dura as a distinctive pictorial mosaic technique associated with Mughal architecture and monumental buildings.

How to extend

A student could check where pietra dura workshops and Mughal monuments are located (e.g., Agra/Delhi) and compare those locations with where Manganiyar communities are based to see if geographic/technical overlap makes attribution plausible.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 13: Cultural Setting > 2. Dravidians > p. 7
Strength: 3/5
“They are found particularly in South India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu), Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, southern Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, and southern Rajasthan. Their representatives are the Santhals of Chotanagpur Plateau, the Todas of Nilgiri, the Juangs of Odisha, the Gonds of Bastar, and the Bhils of Rajasthan. They were probably the ancient people of India, but have been influenced by the admixture of Aryans, the Scythians (Ukrainians) and Mongoloid people.”
Why relevant

Lists regions (including Rajasthan and southern Madhya Pradesh) as cultural/geographic zones and names local communities (e.g., Gonds, Bhils), illustrating how crafts and communities are regionally distributed.

How to extend

Use this regional listing to locate Rajasthan/Central India on a map and then check whether Manganiyars are a community from those regions and whether pietra dura practice is documented there.

Exploring Society:India and Beyond. Social Science-Class VI . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 9: Family and Community > DON'T MISS OUT > p. 144
Strength: 2/5
“• Year after year, the region around the town of Jhabua, in Madhya Pradesh, suffered from an acute water crisis. Following their halma (see facing page) tradition of coming together to support any individual or family in times of crisis, the Bhil community decided to plant thousands of trees in hundreds of villages. The Bhils also dug many trenches to conserve rainwater and created other water harvesting structures. They did not get paid for this work but did it as their duty towards their community and the environment. In the halma tradition, the objective is to serve Mother Earth. In 2019, Shri Mahesh Sharma of the Shivganga movement was honoured with the Padma Shri award for his transformational work with the Bhil communities.• During the Chennai floods of 2015, roads turned to rivers and people could no longer move around.”
Why relevant

Gives an example of a specific Central India locality (Jhabua, Madhya Pradesh) and its local community (Bhil), showing the presence of distinct regional communities and traditions in Central India.

How to extend

A student could similarly look up whether Manganiyars are present in Central India (e.g., Jhabua or nearby districts) and whether pietra dura is a local craft there, to judge the statement.

Contemporary World Politics, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Environment and Natural Resources > 96 Contemporary World Politics > p. 96
Strength: 2/5
“The indigenous voices in world politics call for the admission of indigenous people to the world community as equals. Indigenous people occupy areas in Central and South America, Africa, India (where they are known as Tribals) and Southeast Asia. Many of the present day island states in the Oceania region (including Australia and New Zealand), were inhabited by the Polynesian, Melanesian and Micronesian people over the course of thousands of years. They appeal to governments to come to terms with the continuing existence of indigenous nations as enduring communities with an identity of their own. 'Since times immemorial' is the phrase used by indigenous people all over the world to refer to their continued occupancy of the lands from which they originate.”
Why relevant

Notes that indigenous/tribal peoples occupy areas in India including Central India and that indigenous groups maintain distinct cultural identities.

How to extend

This prompts checking whether Manganiyars are characterized as an indigenous/tribal community of Central India and whether pietra dura is part of such indigenous artisan traditions in that region.

Pattern takeaway: UPSC frequently tests the 'Community + Region + Art Form' triad. They move beyond classical arts to ask about specific practitioner communities (e.g., Manganiyars, Chettiars, Banjaras) to test your grounding in India's diverse cultural geography.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Moderate. While not always in basic NCERTs in 2014, it is a staple of 'Living Heritage' topics now. Source: Cultural Current Affairs / CCRT Website.
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Intangible Cultural Heritage > Folk Music Traditions of India > Regional Communities.
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize sibling folk communities: Langas (Rajasthan - Sindhi Sarangi), Bauls (West Bengal - Ektara), Patuas (Bengal - Scroll painting + Song), Warli (Maharashtra - Painting), and Siddis (Gujarat - Dhamal dance).
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Create a 'Community-Region-Art' matrix. UPSC loves living heritage (folk/tribal arts) as much as the 'Great Traditions' (Classical). Map specific communities to their geography and instruments.
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 States of North-East India (the 'Seven Sisters' + Sikkim)
💡 The insight

Determining whether a community is 'in North-East India' requires knowing which states constitute the region; references list the region's states explicitly.

High-yield for prelims and mains: questions often ask about regional composition, strategic location, and demographics of the North-East. Connects to topics in geography, border security, and regional policy. Prepare by memorizing the state list, studying maps, and reading NCERT chapters on the North-East.

📚 Reading List :
  • Politics in India since Independence, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Regional Aspirations > The North-East > p. 126
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > Terrorism in North-eastern India > p. 55
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 13: Cultural Setting > Table 13.2 > p. 22
🔗 Anchor: "Is the community of people called Manganiyars known for martial arts in North-Ea..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Tribal distribution and major ethnic groups (e.g., the Nagas)
💡 The insight

Whether a named community belongs to the North-East can be checked against documented tribal/ethnic groups and their distribution; references describe the Nagas and tribal concentration patterns.

Important for questions on ethnic composition, tribal polity, and cultural geography. Links to insurgency, autonomy movements, and state politics. Study tribal maps, NCERT cultural-setting chapters, and lists/tables of tribal concentrations for quick identification.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 13: Cultural Setting > The Nagas > p. 35
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 13: Cultural Setting > Table 13.2 > p. 22
🔗 Anchor: "Is the community of people called Manganiyars known for martial arts in North-Ea..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Local vs outsider tensions and migration in the North-East
💡 The insight

Claims about a named community's prominence in the region intersect with issues of local identity and outsider/migrant tensions documented in the references.

Relevant to polity and contemporary history: frequently tested via case studies like the Assam Movement and broader regional movements. Helps answer questions on causes of unrest, resource conflicts, and ethnic mobilization. Revise NCERT accounts of migration-induced tensions and specific movements.

📚 Reading List :
  • Politics in India since Independence, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Regional Aspirations > Movements against outsiders > p. 129
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > Terrorism in North-eastern India > p. 55
🔗 Anchor: "Is the community of people called Manganiyars known for martial arts in North-Ea..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Regional cultural geography (Punjab–Haryana plains)
💡 The insight

The claim locates a musical community in North‑West India; understanding physiographic and regional divisions (e.g., Punjab–Haryana plains) helps place cultural groups geographically.

UPSC questions often link cultural practices to regions; mastering major physiographic/cultural regions lets candidates situate communities and traditions, compare regional patterns, and eliminate distractors. Prepare by mapping cultural traits onto physical regions and practising source-based location questions.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 2: Physiography > 2. The Punjab Haryana Plains > p. 39
🔗 Anchor: "Is the community of people called Manganiyars known for a musical tradition in N..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Folk and tribal influence on mainstream religious and cultural traditions
💡 The insight

Assessing whether a musical tradition is characteristic of a named community requires knowing how folk/tribal practices interact with mainstream culture (e.g., tribal deities becoming part of Hindu worship).

High-yield for culture/religion topics: UPSC often asks about syncretism, origin of practices, and cultural transmission. Master by studying examples of folk-to-mainstream exchange and using them to explain continuity/change in cultural practices.

📚 Reading List :
  • Exploring Society:India and Beyond. Social Science-Class VI . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 7: India's Cultural Roots > What is a tribe? > p. 121
🔗 Anchor: "Is the community of people called Manganiyars known for a musical tradition in N..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Evidence of music in historical sources (Late Vedic/early texts)
💡 The insight

Determining whether a community is 'known for a musical tradition' benefits from familiarity with how historical texts and sources record music and instruments.

Useful for history/culture questions asking about early evidence of arts. Knowing where music is attested in sources helps evaluate claims about traditional practices. Revise primary textual references and types of archaeological/ textual evidence cited.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 2: Early India: The Chalcolithic, Megalithic, Iron Age and Vedic Cultures > Other aspects of Life > p. 31
🔗 Anchor: "Is the community of people called Manganiyars known for a musical tradition in N..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 Temple patronage of music and dance in South India
💡 The insight

References describe how from the Pallava period temples and state patrons maintained trained artists and promoted fine arts such as music and dance.

UPSC frequently asks about the role of religious institutions and state patronage in cultural development. Mastering this helps answer questions on cultural policy, regional art histories and continuity/change in performing arts. Prepare by linking dynastic patronage (e.g., Pallavas) to institutional support for arts and citing concrete examples from temple culture.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Bhakti and the Arts > p. 130
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > 9.2Pallavas > p. 121
🔗 Anchor: "Is the community of people called Manganiyars known for classical vocal music in..."
🌑 The Hidden Trap

The 'Langas' are the sibling community to the Manganiyars, often mentioned together. The key differentiator: Manganiyars play the 'Kamaicha' (bowed instrument), while Langas play the 'Sindhi Sarangi'.

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

Linguistic Profiling: The name 'Manganiyar' has a Persian/Urdu phonetic influence common to the North-West frontier (Rajasthan/Sindh). North-East names are typically Tibeto-Burman. South Indian classical traditions are usually associated with specific lineages (Gharanas/Sampradayas) rather than a single tribal community name like this.

🔗 Mains Connection

Mains GS-1 (Indian Heritage): The Manganiyars represent the 'Guru-Shishya parampara' in oral folk traditions. Their struggle for patronage is a prime case study for the 'Preservation of Intangible Cultural Heritage' and the impact of tourism on traditional arts.

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

IAS · 2005 · Q42 Relevance score: -2.86

Which of the following statements is not correct?

CDS-II · 2012 · Q39 Relevance score: -3.29

Jaubani is a dance form traditionally performed in North-Eastern India by the

CAPF · 2020 · Q121 Relevance score: -3.93

If South-east is called East, North-west is called West, South-west is called South and so-on, what will North be called ?

CDS-I · 2015 · Q80 Relevance score: -3.98

Which of the following statements about the musical culture in 18th and 19th century North India is/are not correct: 1. The period was marked by the growing eminence of Sadarang Neamat Khan who introduced the khayal form. 2. A large number of musicians moved out of regional centres to Delhi where they hoped they would receive more employment and patronage. 3. The period was marked by the formation of specific region based gharanas. Select the correct answer using the code given below :