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Q22 (IAS/2015) Economy › Money, Banking & Inflation › Monetary policy tools Official Key

When the Reserve Bank of India reduces the Statutory Liquidity Ratio by 50 basis points, which of the following is likely to happen?

Result
Your answer: —  Âˇ  Correct: C
Explanation

The Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) requires every bank to maintain in India assets (typically in unencumbered government securities, cash and gold) at a certain percentage of their demand and time liabilities[1]. When the RBI reduces the SLR by 50 basis points, banks are required to hold less in government securities and have more funds available for lending. The reduction of SLR reduces the pre-emption of banks' investible resources[2], thereby increasing liquidity available with banks for credit. This additional liquidity typically enables scheduled commercial banks to lower their lending rates to remain competitive and stimulate borrowing. Option A is incorrect because a 50 basis point SLR cut alone would not cause drastic GDP growth. Option B is not directly linked to SLR changes, as FII flows are more influenced by other factors. Option D is the opposite of what happens – reducing SLR increases, not reduces, liquidity in the banking system.

Sources
  1. [1] https://www.pib.gov.in/PressNoteDetails.aspx?NoteId=154573&ModuleId=3
  2. [2] https://www.mcrhrdi.gov.in/FC2020/week10/IMF%20Working%20Paper%20wp1707.pdf
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Q. When the Reserve Bank of India reduces the Statutory Liquidity Ratio by 50 basis points, which of the following is likely to happen? [A]…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 ¡ 7.5/10
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Statement 1
When the Reserve Bank of India reduces the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) by 50 basis points, does India's GDP growth rate increase drastically?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 4/5
"WALR on fresh rupee loans increased by 48 basis points, but only 6 basis points on outstanding rupee loans."
Why this source?
  • Documents on monetary transmission show that a 50 bps policy change translated strongly to fresh loan rates but very weakly to outstanding loans (only 6 bps), indicating muted transmission to overall lending.
  • Muted transmission of policy-driven rate changes implies that reserve requirement adjustments (like a 50 bps SLR cut) are unlikely to produce a drastic immediate jump in GDP via a large surge in credit.
Web source
Presence: 3/5
"Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR): Every bank is required to maintain in Indian assets, the value of which"
Why this source?
  • Defines SLR as the proportion of assets banks must hold in specified (liquid/Indian) assets, clarifying the channel: lowering SLR releases resources for lending.
  • Shows the mechanism by which an SLR cut could increase lendable funds, but the passage does not claim this will lead to a drastic rise in GDP — it only establishes the link to bank liquidity.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 7: Money and Banking > INCREMENTAL CASH RESERVE RATIO > p. 169
Strength: 5/5
“To reduce inflation, RBI increases SLR, and to increase economic growth, RBI decreases SLR. (Please note: Generally, inflation and economic growth go hand-in-hand, i.e. they are directly proportional to each other.) If the bank fails to maintain the required SLR, then it is liable to pay penal interest at 3 per cent per annum above the bank rate, on the shortfall amount. If the shortfall continues for next succeeding day, penal interest is to be paid at Bank Rate + 5 per cent. Initially, the rate of SLR fixed by RBI was quite high (as high as 38.5% of NDTL in 1991-92).”
Why relevant

Gives a direct rule-like statement: RBI decreases SLR to increase economic growth (and increases SLR to reduce inflation).

How to extend

A student could combine this rule with basic macro logic (lower reserve ratios free up bank funds for lending) to infer reduced SLR is growth‑supportive but not automatically 'drastic'.

Macroeconomics (NCERT class XII 2025 ed.) > Chapter 3: Money and Banking > Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) = Percentage of deposits which a bank must keep as cash reserves with the bank. > p. 40
Strength: 5/5
“Apart from the CRR, banks are also required to keep some reserves in liquid form in the short term. This ratio is called Statutory Liquidity Ratio or SLR. In our fictional example, suppose CRR = 20 per cent, then with deposits of Rs 100, our bank will need to keep Rs 20 (20 per cent of 100) as cash reserves. Only the remaining amount of deposits, i.e., Rs 80 (100 – 20 = 80) can be used to give loans. The statutory requirement of the reserve ratio acts as a limit to the amount of credit that banks can create.”
Why relevant

Defines SLR as a reserve requirement that limits the amount of deposits available for banks to lend (thus constraining credit creation).

How to extend

Using the definition plus a world map or national GDP data, a student can reason that lowering SLR increases credit supply, which may raise investment and GDP — magnitude depends on bank balance sheets and credit demand.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 8: Financial Market > egin{array}{c|c|c|c|c} \\hline extbf{2015} & extbf{0} & extbf{0} \\[1ex] \ \hline \ \end{array} > p. 251
Strength: 4/5
“When the Reserve Bank of India reduced the Statutory Liquidity Ratio by 50 basis points, which of the following is likely to happen? • (a) India's GDP growth rate increases drastically.• (b) Foreign Institutional Investors may bring more capital into our country.• (c) Scheduled Commercial Banks may cut their lending rates.• (d) It may drastically reduce the liquidity to the banking system.• 29. With reference to Indian economy, consider the following: • 1. Bank Rate• 2. Open Market Operations• 3. Public Debt• 4. Public Revenue Which of the above is/are component/components of Monetary Policy? • (a) 1 only• (c) 1 and 2 2014 (b) 2, 3 and 4 30.”
Why relevant

Presents the multiple-choice question that lists plausible outcomes of a 50 bps SLR cut, showing that increasing GDP drastically was offered as an option among others (e.g., banks cutting lending rates, FIIs bringing capital).

How to extend

A student could use this to note that textbooks treat several effects as likely and so would seek empirical evidence (credit growth, lending rates, FII flows) rather than assume a drastic GDP jump.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 8: Financial Market > 2020 > p. 246
Strength: 4/5
“Indian Economy • 3. If the RBI decides to adopt an expansionist monetary policy, which of the following would it not do? • 1. Cut and optimise the Statutory Liquidity Ratio• 2. Increase the Marginal Standing Facility Rate• 3. Cut the Bank Rate and Repo Rate Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 4. Consider the following statements: 1. In terms of short-term credit delivery to the agriculture sector, District Central Co-operative Banks (DCCBs) deliver more credit in comparison to Scheduled Commercial Banks and Regional Rural Banks.”
Why relevant

Lists cutting/optimising SLR as one instrument of expansionary monetary policy, implying SLR cuts are part of a toolkit to stimulate the economy.

How to extend

Combine this with knowledge of other tools (repo rate, CRR) to judge that a 50 bps SLR cut alone is one of several channels — so impact on GDP depends on the overall policy mix and economic context.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 8: Financial Market > LIQUIDITY COVERAGE RATIO > p. 236
Strength: 3/5
“Further, as per Banking Regulation Act, 1949, the Banks in India are required to hold liquid assets to maintain SLR. In view of the fact that liquid assets under SLR and HQLAs under LCR are largely the same, RBI allowed banks to use a progressively increasing proportion of the SLR securities for being considered as HQLAs for LCR so that the need to maintain liquid assets for both the requirements is optimised. Entire SLR-eligible assets held by banks have been permitted by RBI to be considered as HQLAs for meeting the LCR requirement. As per initial RBI directive, Banks are required to maintain LCR of 100 per cent with effect from 1 January 2019.”
Why relevant

Explains overlap between SLR assets and liquidity requirements (LCR/HQLA), indicating SLR changes affect banks' liquidity management and their usable high‑quality assets.

How to extend

A student could infer that a modest SLR cut changes banks' balance of liquid assets and loanable funds only to the extent those assets are binding constraints, so GDP effect depends on whether liquidity was previously tight.

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