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When the Reserve Bank of India reduces the Statutory Liquidity Ratio by 50 basis points, which of the following is likely to happen?
Explanation
The Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) requires every bank to maintain in India assets (typically in unencumbered government securities, cash and gold) at a certain percentage of their demand and time liabilities[1]. When the RBI reduces the SLR by 50 basis points, banks are required to hold less in government securities and have more funds available for lending. The reduction of SLR reduces the pre-emption of banks' investible resources[2], thereby increasing liquidity available with banks for credit. This additional liquidity typically enables scheduled commercial banks to lower their lending rates to remain competitive and stimulate borrowing. Option A is incorrect because a 50 basis point SLR cut alone would not cause drastic GDP growth. Option B is not directly linked to SLR changes, as FII flows are more influenced by other factors. Option D is the opposite of what happens â reducing SLR increases, not reduces, liquidity in the banking system.
Sources- [1] https://www.pib.gov.in/PressNoteDetails.aspx?NoteId=154573&ModuleId=3
- [2] https://www.mcrhrdi.gov.in/FC2020/week10/IMF%20Working%20Paper%20wp1707.pdf
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Guest previewThis is a classic 'Transmission Mechanism' question. It tests if you understand the *consequence* of a policy action, not just the definition. It is a conceptual sitter found in every standard Macroeconomics NCERT or reference book; no current affairs digging required.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: When the Reserve Bank of India reduces the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) by 50 basis points, does India's GDP growth rate increase drastically?
- Statement 2: When the Reserve Bank of India reduces the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) by 50 basis points, are Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) likely to increase capital inflows into India?
- Statement 3: When the Reserve Bank of India reduces the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) by 50 basis points, do Scheduled Commercial Banks typically cut their lending rates?
- Statement 4: When the Reserve Bank of India reduces the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) by 50 basis points, does this action drastically reduce liquidity in the banking system?
- Documents on monetary transmission show that a 50 bps policy change translated strongly to fresh loan rates but very weakly to outstanding loans (only 6 bps), indicating muted transmission to overall lending.
- Muted transmission of policy-driven rate changes implies that reserve requirement adjustments (like a 50 bps SLR cut) are unlikely to produce a drastic immediate jump in GDP via a large surge in credit.
- Defines SLR as the proportion of assets banks must hold in specified (liquid/Indian) assets, clarifying the channel: lowering SLR releases resources for lending.
- Shows the mechanism by which an SLR cut could increase lendable funds, but the passage does not claim this will lead to a drastic rise in GDP â it only establishes the link to bank liquidity.
Gives a direct rule-like statement: RBI decreases SLR to increase economic growth (and increases SLR to reduce inflation).
A student could combine this rule with basic macro logic (lower reserve ratios free up bank funds for lending) to infer reduced SLR is growthâsupportive but not automatically 'drastic'.
Defines SLR as a reserve requirement that limits the amount of deposits available for banks to lend (thus constraining credit creation).
Using the definition plus a world map or national GDP data, a student can reason that lowering SLR increases credit supply, which may raise investment and GDP â magnitude depends on bank balance sheets and credit demand.
Presents the multiple-choice question that lists plausible outcomes of a 50 bps SLR cut, showing that increasing GDP drastically was offered as an option among others (e.g., banks cutting lending rates, FIIs bringing capital).
A student could use this to note that textbooks treat several effects as likely and so would seek empirical evidence (credit growth, lending rates, FII flows) rather than assume a drastic GDP jump.
Lists cutting/optimising SLR as one instrument of expansionary monetary policy, implying SLR cuts are part of a toolkit to stimulate the economy.
Combine this with knowledge of other tools (repo rate, CRR) to judge that a 50 bps SLR cut alone is one of several channels â so impact on GDP depends on the overall policy mix and economic context.
Explains overlap between SLR assets and liquidity requirements (LCR/HQLA), indicating SLR changes affect banks' liquidity management and their usable highâquality assets.
A student could infer that a modest SLR cut changes banks' balance of liquid assets and loanable funds only to the extent those assets are binding constraints, so GDP effect depends on whether liquidity was previously tight.
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