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Q22 (IAS/2015) Economy β€Ί Money, Banking & Inflation β€Ί Monetary policy tools Official Key

When the Reserve Bank of India reduces the Statutory Liquidity Ratio by 50 basis points, which of the following is likely to happen?

Result
Your answer: β€”  Β·  Correct: C
Explanation

The Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) requires every bank to maintain in India assets (typically in unencumbered government securities, cash and gold) at a certain percentage of their demand and time liabilities[1]. When the RBI reduces the SLR by 50 basis points, banks are required to hold less in government securities and have more funds available for lending. The reduction of SLR reduces the pre-emption of banks' investible resources[2], thereby increasing liquidity available with banks for credit. This additional liquidity typically enables scheduled commercial banks to lower their lending rates to remain competitive and stimulate borrowing. Option A is incorrect because a 50 basis point SLR cut alone would not cause drastic GDP growth. Option B is not directly linked to SLR changes, as FII flows are more influenced by other factors. Option D is the opposite of what happens – reducing SLR increases, not reduces, liquidity in the banking system.

Sources
  1. [1] https://www.pib.gov.in/PressNoteDetails.aspx?NoteId=154573&ModuleId=3
  2. [2] https://www.mcrhrdi.gov.in/FC2020/week10/IMF%20Working%20Paper%20wp1707.pdf
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Q. When the Reserve Bank of India reduces the Statutory Liquidity Ratio by 50 basis points, which of the following is likely to happen? [A]…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 Β· 7.5/10
Statement 1
When the Reserve Bank of India reduces the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) by 50 basis points, does India's GDP growth rate increase drastically?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 4/5
"WALR on fresh rupee loans increased by 48 basis points, but only 6 basis points on outstanding rupee loans."
Why this source?
  • Documents on monetary transmission show that a 50 bps policy change translated strongly to fresh loan rates but very weakly to outstanding loans (only 6 bps), indicating muted transmission to overall lending.
  • Muted transmission of policy-driven rate changes implies that reserve requirement adjustments (like a 50 bps SLR cut) are unlikely to produce a drastic immediate jump in GDP via a large surge in credit.
Web source
Presence: 3/5
"Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR): Every bank is required to maintain in Indian assets, the value of which"
Why this source?
  • Defines SLR as the proportion of assets banks must hold in specified (liquid/Indian) assets, clarifying the channel: lowering SLR releases resources for lending.
  • Shows the mechanism by which an SLR cut could increase lendable funds, but the passage does not claim this will lead to a drastic rise in GDP β€” it only establishes the link to bank liquidity.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 7: Money and Banking > INCREMENTAL CASH RESERVE RATIO > p. 169
Strength: 5/5
β€œTo reduce inflation, RBI increases SLR, and to increase economic growth, RBI decreases SLR. (Please note: Generally, inflation and economic growth go hand-in-hand, i.e. they are directly proportional to each other.) If the bank fails to maintain the required SLR, then it is liable to pay penal interest at 3 per cent per annum above the bank rate, on the shortfall amount. If the shortfall continues for next succeeding day, penal interest is to be paid at Bank Rate + 5 per cent. Initially, the rate of SLR fixed by RBI was quite high (as high as 38.5% of NDTL in 1991-92).”
Why relevant

Gives a direct rule-like statement: RBI decreases SLR to increase economic growth (and increases SLR to reduce inflation).

How to extend

A student could combine this rule with basic macro logic (lower reserve ratios free up bank funds for lending) to infer reduced SLR is growth‑supportive but not automatically 'drastic'.

Macroeconomics (NCERT class XII 2025 ed.) > Chapter 3: Money and Banking > Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) = Percentage of deposits which a bank must keep as cash reserves with the bank. > p. 40
Strength: 5/5
β€œApart from the CRR, banks are also required to keep some reserves in liquid form in the short term. This ratio is called Statutory Liquidity Ratio or SLR. In our fictional example, suppose CRR = 20 per cent, then with deposits of Rs 100, our bank will need to keep Rs 20 (20 per cent of 100) as cash reserves. Only the remaining amount of deposits, i.e., Rs 80 (100 – 20 = 80) can be used to give loans. The statutory requirement of the reserve ratio acts as a limit to the amount of credit that banks can create.”
Why relevant

Defines SLR as a reserve requirement that limits the amount of deposits available for banks to lend (thus constraining credit creation).

How to extend

Using the definition plus a world map or national GDP data, a student can reason that lowering SLR increases credit supply, which may raise investment and GDP β€” magnitude depends on bank balance sheets and credit demand.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 8: Financial Market > egin{array}{c|c|c|c|c} \\hline extbf{2015} & extbf{0} & extbf{0} \\[1ex] \ \hline \ \end{array} > p. 251
Strength: 4/5
β€œWhen the Reserve Bank of India reduced the Statutory Liquidity Ratio by 50 basis points, which of the following is likely to happen? β€’ (a) India's GDP growth rate increases drastically.β€’ (b) Foreign Institutional Investors may bring more capital into our country.β€’ (c) Scheduled Commercial Banks may cut their lending rates.β€’ (d) It may drastically reduce the liquidity to the banking system.β€’ 29. With reference to Indian economy, consider the following: β€’ 1. Bank Rateβ€’ 2. Open Market Operationsβ€’ 3. Public Debtβ€’ 4. Public Revenue Which of the above is/are component/components of Monetary Policy? β€’ (a) 1 onlyβ€’ (c) 1 and 2 2014 (b) 2, 3 and 4 30.”
Why relevant

Presents the multiple-choice question that lists plausible outcomes of a 50 bps SLR cut, showing that increasing GDP drastically was offered as an option among others (e.g., banks cutting lending rates, FIIs bringing capital).

How to extend

A student could use this to note that textbooks treat several effects as likely and so would seek empirical evidence (credit growth, lending rates, FII flows) rather than assume a drastic GDP jump.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 8: Financial Market > 2020 > p. 246
Strength: 4/5
β€œIndian Economy β€’ 3. If the RBI decides to adopt an expansionist monetary policy, which of the following would it not do? β€’ 1. Cut and optimise the Statutory Liquidity Ratioβ€’ 2. Increase the Marginal Standing Facility Rateβ€’ 3. Cut the Bank Rate and Repo Rate Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 4. Consider the following statements: 1. In terms of short-term credit delivery to the agriculture sector, District Central Co-operative Banks (DCCBs) deliver more credit in comparison to Scheduled Commercial Banks and Regional Rural Banks.”
Why relevant

Lists cutting/optimising SLR as one instrument of expansionary monetary policy, implying SLR cuts are part of a toolkit to stimulate the economy.

How to extend

Combine this with knowledge of other tools (repo rate, CRR) to judge that a 50 bps SLR cut alone is one of several channels β€” so impact on GDP depends on the overall policy mix and economic context.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 8: Financial Market > LIQUIDITY COVERAGE RATIO > p. 236
Strength: 3/5
β€œFurther, as per Banking Regulation Act, 1949, the Banks in India are required to hold liquid assets to maintain SLR. In view of the fact that liquid assets under SLR and HQLAs under LCR are largely the same, RBI allowed banks to use a progressively increasing proportion of the SLR securities for being considered as HQLAs for LCR so that the need to maintain liquid assets for both the requirements is optimised. Entire SLR-eligible assets held by banks have been permitted by RBI to be considered as HQLAs for meeting the LCR requirement. As per initial RBI directive, Banks are required to maintain LCR of 100 per cent with effect from 1 January 2019.”
Why relevant

Explains overlap between SLR assets and liquidity requirements (LCR/HQLA), indicating SLR changes affect banks' liquidity management and their usable high‑quality assets.

How to extend

A student could infer that a modest SLR cut changes banks' balance of liquid assets and loanable funds only to the extent those assets are binding constraints, so GDP effect depends on whether liquidity was previously tight.

Statement 2
When the Reserve Bank of India reduces the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) by 50 basis points, are Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) likely to increase capital inflows into India?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > 2.31 Previous Years Questions > p. 117
Strength: 4/5
β€œWhen the Reserve Bank of India reduces Statutory Liquidity Ratio by 50 basis points, which of the following is likely to happen? [2015] β€’ (a) India's GDP growth rate increases drasticallyβ€’ (b) Foreign Institutional Investors may bring more capital into our countryβ€’ (c) Scheduled Commercial Banks may cut their lending ratesβ€’ (d) It may drastically reduce the liquidity to the banking systemβ€’ 21. Convertibility of rupee implies [2015] β€’ (a) Being able to convert rupee notes into goldβ€’ (b) Allowing the value of rupee to be fixed my market forcesβ€’ (c) Freely permitting the conversion of rupee to other currencies and vice versaβ€’ (d) Developing an international market for currencies in Indiaβ€’ 22.”
Why relevant

Contains the examination-style question that lists 'FIIs may bring more capital into our country' as a likely consequence of an SLR cut β€” showing this is a standard hypothesised link.

How to extend

A student could treat this as the textbook hypothesis and check macro conditions (interest differentials, liquidity) and recent FII flows to see if the hypothesised response occurs.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 8: Financial Market > egin{array}{c|c|c|c|c} \\hline extbf{2015} & extbf{0} & extbf{0} \\[1ex] \ \hline \ \end{array} > p. 251
Strength: 4/5
β€œWhen the Reserve Bank of India reduced the Statutory Liquidity Ratio by 50 basis points, which of the following is likely to happen? β€’ (a) India's GDP growth rate increases drastically.β€’ (b) Foreign Institutional Investors may bring more capital into our country.β€’ (c) Scheduled Commercial Banks may cut their lending rates.β€’ (d) It may drastically reduce the liquidity to the banking system.β€’ 29. With reference to Indian economy, consider the following: β€’ 1. Bank Rateβ€’ 2. Open Market Operationsβ€’ 3. Public Debtβ€’ 4. Public Revenue Which of the above is/are component/components of Monetary Policy? β€’ (a) 1 onlyβ€’ (c) 1 and 2 2014 (b) 2, 3 and 4 30.”
Why relevant

Same multiple‑choice phrasing as [1], again presenting increased FII inflows as a commonly taught possible effect of an SLR reduction.

How to extend

Use this repeated pedagogical example as a cue to compare past episodes when RBI cut SLR and examine subsequent FII data and market yields.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > The following are the major instruments/tools that RBI uses for conducting its monetary policy: > p. 63
Strength: 5/5
β€œis called CRR. "In terms of Section 42(1) of the RBI Act, 1934 the Reserve Bank, having regard to the needs of securing the monetary stability in the country, prescribes the CRR for SCBs without any floor or ceiling rate". Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) The amount of reserves that the scheduled commercial banks are required to maintain with themselves on a daily basis in safe and liquid assets such as government securities, gold and cash with respect to their NDTL is called SLR. Excess CRR balances are also treated as liquid assets for the purpose of SLR i.e., SLR can be maintained as cash balance with RBI.”
Why relevant

Defines SLR as the share of deposits banks must hold in liquid assets, implying that reducing SLR frees resources otherwise held in low‑yield liquid assets.

How to extend

Extend by reasoning that freed funds can lead to more bank lending, lower domestic yields, or greater market liquidity β€” factors that can attract FIIs depending on returns.

Macroeconomics (NCERT class XII 2025 ed.) > Chapter 3: Money and Banking > Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) = Percentage of deposits which a bank must keep as cash reserves with the bank. > p. 40
Strength: 4/5
β€œApart from the CRR, banks are also required to keep some reserves in liquid form in the short term. This ratio is called Statutory Liquidity Ratio or SLR. In our fictional example, suppose CRR = 20 per cent, then with deposits of Rs 100, our bank will need to keep Rs 20 (20 per cent of 100) as cash reserves. Only the remaining amount of deposits, i.e., Rs 80 (100 – 20 = 80) can be used to give loans. The statutory requirement of the reserve ratio acts as a limit to the amount of credit that banks can create.”
Why relevant

Explains that reserve requirements (SLR/CRR) limit banks' ability to create credit, so lowering SLR increases credit supply and liquidity.

How to extend

A student could infer increased credit/liquidity may reduce domestic interest rates or boost economic activity, which could influence FII decisions when compared with global returns.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > Indian Govt. securities will very soon join Global Bond Index > p. 48
Strength: 4/5
β€œThis investment by foreigners will be treated as Govt. of India's external Debt.β€’ More investment by foreigners in the Govt. of India bonds will lead to a lesser interest rate on Govt. bonds and hence lesser yield and this will also increase liquidity (more trade and easy conversion into cash) in Indian Govt. securities. This will also ease pressure on Govt. borrowing from the domestic market and hence domestic interest rate and yield will also come down.β€’ Right now, when foreign investors (NRIs, FPIs) purchase corporate bonds or Govt. bonds in India then they require approval from SEBI. But if an investor wants to invest in Govt. securities through Global Bond Index, then this prior approval from SEBI needs to be removed.β€’ Earlier there was a cap/ceiling as to how much non-residents (foreign) investors can invest in bonds in India.”
Why relevant

Notes that more foreign investment in government securities lowers yields and increases liquidity; links foreign purchases to domestic yields and liquidity conditions.

How to extend

Combine this with SLR→liquidity effects to assess whether SLR cuts that lower yields or improve market liquidity would plausibly encourage FIIs to bring capital into bonds/equities.

Statement 3
When the Reserve Bank of India reduces the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) by 50 basis points, do Scheduled Commercial Banks typically cut their lending rates?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"the Reserve Bank of India has recently shifted from marginal cost of funds based lending rates (MCLR) regime to external benchmarking of lending rates. Accordingly, the Reserve Bank has mandated all scheduled commercial banks ... to link all new floating rate loans to an external benchmark."
Why this source?
  • States that RBI shifted lending-rate regime to external benchmarking, meaning lending rates are linked to external benchmarks rather than SLR.
  • Mandates scheduled commercial banks to link new floating-rate loans to external benchmarks (e.g., RBI policy repo rate or T-bill yields), implying SLR changes are not the direct driver of lending-rate setting.
Web source
Presence: 3/5
"Every bank shall maintain in India assets, the value of which shall not be less than such percentage of the total of its demand and time liabilities ... typically in unencumbered government securities, cash and gold."
Why this source?
  • Defines SLR as a requirement to maintain specified assets (typically government securities, cash and gold).
  • Indicates what SLR controls (asset holdings), but does not state that reductions in SLR automatically cause banks to cut lending rates.

Macroeconomics (NCERT class XII 2025 ed.) > Chapter 3: Money and Banking > Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) = Percentage of deposits which a bank must keep as cash reserves with the bank. > p. 40
Strength: 5/5
β€œApart from the CRR, banks are also required to keep some reserves in liquid form in the short term. This ratio is called Statutory Liquidity Ratio or SLR. In our fictional example, suppose CRR = 20 per cent, then with deposits of Rs 100, our bank will need to keep Rs 20 (20 per cent of 100) as cash reserves. Only the remaining amount of deposits, i.e., Rs 80 (100 – 20 = 80) can be used to give loans. The statutory requirement of the reserve ratio acts as a limit to the amount of credit that banks can create.”
Why relevant

Defines SLR as a reserve requirement that limits the amount of deposits banks can use to give loans (SLR acts as a limit to credit creation).

How to extend

A student could infer that lowering SLR frees up funds for lending, which could increase credit supply and create room for lower lending rates.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 8: Financial Market > 2020 > p. 246
Strength: 4/5
β€œIndian Economy β€’ 3. If the RBI decides to adopt an expansionist monetary policy, which of the following would it not do? β€’ 1. Cut and optimise the Statutory Liquidity Ratioβ€’ 2. Increase the Marginal Standing Facility Rateβ€’ 3. Cut the Bank Rate and Repo Rate Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 4. Consider the following statements: 1. In terms of short-term credit delivery to the agriculture sector, District Central Co-operative Banks (DCCBs) deliver more credit in comparison to Scheduled Commercial Banks and Regional Rural Banks.”
Why relevant

States that cutting SLR is an action associated with an expansionary monetary policy.

How to extend

Knowing expansionary policy typically aims to increase money supply/credit, a student might expect banks to face incentives to lower rates when SLR is cut.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > MCLR > p. 91
Strength: 4/5
β€œThat is why banks generally do not reduce their lending rates to the new borrowers even if they have reduced their deposit rates for the new depositors. So, there used to be slow transmission from repo rate to lending rate. As per the MCLR methodology, the banks must link their lending rates with the marginal/additional cost of deposits i.e., the rate at which they are receiving the new deposits i.e. in the above case 6.5%. So, in this situation whenever RBI reduces the repo rate, banks reduce their deposit rate and since the lending rate is linked to the new deposit rate, they reduce the lending rate also.”
Why relevant

Explains transmission mechanism that banks link lending rates to marginal cost of funds and that policy rate cuts (repo) can lead banks to reduce lending rates via deposit-rate changes.

How to extend

A student could analogize this transmission mechanism to SLR cuts: if SLR reduction lowers banks' funding constraints, similar cost-based transmission could lead banks to cut lending rates.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > The following are the major instruments/tools that RBI uses for conducting its monetary policy: > p. 63
Strength: 4/5
β€œis called CRR. "In terms of Section 42(1) of the RBI Act, 1934 the Reserve Bank, having regard to the needs of securing the monetary stability in the country, prescribes the CRR for SCBs without any floor or ceiling rate". Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) The amount of reserves that the scheduled commercial banks are required to maintain with themselves on a daily basis in safe and liquid assets such as government securities, gold and cash with respect to their NDTL is called SLR. Excess CRR balances are also treated as liquid assets for the purpose of SLR i.e., SLR can be maintained as cash balance with RBI.”
Why relevant

Describes SLR as reserves banks must maintain in safe and liquid assets (government securities, gold, cash) with respect to NDTL.

How to extend

A student could reason that lowering required SLR holdings lets banks reallocate assets from low-yield SLR securities into lending, potentially reducing lending spreads or rates.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 8: Financial Market > 48. Which of the following terms indicates a mechanism used by commercial banks for providing credit to the Government? > p. 255
Strength: 3/5
β€œWhen the Reserve Bank of India announces an increase of the Cash Reserve Ratio, what does it mean? (a) The Commercial Banks will have less money to lend. (b) The Reserve Bank of India will have less money to lend. (c) The Union Government will have less money to lend. (d) The Commercial Banks will have more money to lend. | 8. (d) | 9. (a) | 10. (d) | 11. (a) | 12. (b) | 13. (b) | 14.(c) | 15. (a) | 16. (b) | 17. (c) | 18. (b) | 19. (a) | 20. (b) | 21. (a) | 22. (c) | 23. (a) | 24. (b) | 25. (a) | 26. (a) | 27. (b) | 28. (c) | 29. (c) | 30. (c) | 31. (a) | 32. (d) | 33. (c) | 34. (d) | 35. (b) | 36. (c) | 37. (d) | 38. (d) | 39. (a) | 40.(c) | 41. (c) | 42. (a) | 43. (a) | 44.(c) | 45. (d) | 46.(c) | 47. (d) | 48. (d) | 49. (b) No question 2016 1.”
Why relevant

Contains an answer key where the question about a 50 bps SLR reduction corresponds to option (c) β€” 'Scheduled Commercial Banks may cut their lending rates' β€” indicating an expected/standard exam inference.

How to extend

A student could treat this as an authoritative pedagogical cue that standard reasoning links SLR cuts to possible lending-rate reductions, and then check real-world transmission details.

Statement 4
When the Reserve Bank of India reduces the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) by 50 basis points, does this action drastically reduce liquidity in the banking system?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 4/5
"recommended measures like reduction of pre-emption of banks' investible resources (via a reduction of cash reserve ratio (CRR) and statutory liquidity ratio (SLR))"
Why this source?
  • Explicitly links reduction of SLR (and CRR) to reducing pre-emption of banks' investible resources.
  • That wording indicates a cut in SLR frees up resources (increasing lendable funds), contrary to the claim that it reduces liquidity.
Web source
Presence: 3/5
"Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR): Every bank shall maintain in India assets, the value of which shall not be less than such percentage of the total of its demand and time liabilities in India ... (typically in unencumbered government securities, cash and gold)."
Why this source?
  • Defines SLR as a requirement to hold specific assets (government securities, cash, gold).
  • If banks are required to hold fewer such assets, those assets become available for lending, implying increased rather than reduced liquidity.

Macroeconomics (NCERT class XII 2025 ed.) > Chapter 3: Money and Banking > Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) = Percentage of deposits which a bank must keep as cash reserves with the bank. > p. 40
Strength: 5/5
β€œApart from the CRR, banks are also required to keep some reserves in liquid form in the short term. This ratio is called Statutory Liquidity Ratio or SLR. In our fictional example, suppose CRR = 20 per cent, then with deposits of Rs 100, our bank will need to keep Rs 20 (20 per cent of 100) as cash reserves. Only the remaining amount of deposits, i.e., Rs 80 (100 – 20 = 80) can be used to give loans. The statutory requirement of the reserve ratio acts as a limit to the amount of credit that banks can create.”
Why relevant

Defines SLR as the fraction of deposits kept in liquid form and states that the reserve requirement limits the amount of credit banks can create.

How to extend

A student can infer that lowering SLR frees up a portion of deposits for lending, which would increase (not drastically reduce) bank liquidity; combine with deposit volumes to estimate magnitude of change from 50 bps.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > The following are the major instruments/tools that RBI uses for conducting its monetary policy: > p. 63
Strength: 4/5
β€œis called CRR. "In terms of Section 42(1) of the RBI Act, 1934 the Reserve Bank, having regard to the needs of securing the monetary stability in the country, prescribes the CRR for SCBs without any floor or ceiling rate". Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) The amount of reserves that the scheduled commercial banks are required to maintain with themselves on a daily basis in safe and liquid assets such as government securities, gold and cash with respect to their NDTL is called SLR. Excess CRR balances are also treated as liquid assets for the purpose of SLR i.e., SLR can be maintained as cash balance with RBI.”
Why relevant

Explains SLR is maintained in specified liquid assets (government securities, gold, cash) and treated as part of reserves.

How to extend

One can reason that lowering the required share of these liquid assets lets banks hold fewer such assets and deploy more funds for loans or investments, thereby increasing system liquidity; estimate impact using banks' NDTL.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 7: Money and Banking > INCREMENTAL CASH RESERVE RATIO > p. 169
Strength: 4/5
β€œTo reduce inflation, RBI increases SLR, and to increase economic growth, RBI decreases SLR. (Please note: Generally, inflation and economic growth go hand-in-hand, i.e. they are directly proportional to each other.) If the bank fails to maintain the required SLR, then it is liable to pay penal interest at 3 per cent per annum above the bank rate, on the shortfall amount. If the shortfall continues for next succeeding day, penal interest is to be paid at Bank Rate + 5 per cent. Initially, the rate of SLR fixed by RBI was quite high (as high as 38.5% of NDTL in 1991-92).”
Why relevant

States RBI decreases SLR to increase economic growth and increases SLR to reduce inflation, establishing the directional policy intent.

How to extend

Use this policy rule to infer that an SLR cut is intended to add liquidity/support lending, so a 50 bps cut is unlikely to be meant to 'drastically reduce' liquidity.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 8: Financial Market > egin{array}{c|c|c|c|c} \\hline extbf{2015} & extbf{0} & extbf{0} \\[1ex] \ \hline \ \end{array} > p. 251
Strength: 3/5
β€œWhen the Reserve Bank of India reduced the Statutory Liquidity Ratio by 50 basis points, which of the following is likely to happen? β€’ (a) India's GDP growth rate increases drastically.β€’ (b) Foreign Institutional Investors may bring more capital into our country.β€’ (c) Scheduled Commercial Banks may cut their lending rates.β€’ (d) It may drastically reduce the liquidity to the banking system.β€’ 29. With reference to Indian economy, consider the following: β€’ 1. Bank Rateβ€’ 2. Open Market Operationsβ€’ 3. Public Debtβ€’ 4. Public Revenue Which of the above is/are component/components of Monetary Policy? β€’ (a) 1 onlyβ€’ (c) 1 and 2 2014 (b) 2, 3 and 4 30.”
Why relevant

Presents the multiple-choice framing where one option is that reducing SLR may 'drastically reduce liquidity', implying the contrast with other likely outcomes (e.g., banks cut lending rates).

How to extend

A student can treat this as an exam-style intuition check: compare plausibility of alternatives (more lending, lower rates) versus the offered 'drastic reduction' claim and use basic banking mechanics to adjudicate.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 8: Financial Market > LIQUIDITY COVERAGE RATIO > p. 236
Strength: 3/5
β€œFurther, as per Banking Regulation Act, 1949, the Banks in India are required to hold liquid assets to maintain SLR. In view of the fact that liquid assets under SLR and HQLAs under LCR are largely the same, RBI allowed banks to use a progressively increasing proportion of the SLR securities for being considered as HQLAs for LCR so that the need to maintain liquid assets for both the requirements is optimised. Entire SLR-eligible assets held by banks have been permitted by RBI to be considered as HQLAs for meeting the LCR requirement. As per initial RBI directive, Banks are required to maintain LCR of 100 per cent with effect from 1 January 2019.”
Why relevant

Notes that SLR-eligible assets overlap with high-quality liquid assets (HQLAs) used for liquidity coverage, linking SLR holdings to broader liquidity regulation.

How to extend

A student could combine this with knowledge of banks' LCR needs to assess whether a small SLR cut (50 bps) materially changes usable liquid buffers and thus whether system liquidity would be drastically affected.

Pattern takeaway: UPSC Economy questions prioritize 'First Order Effects' (immediate consequences) over definitions. Whenever you read a term (Repo, SLR, OMO), immediately ask: 'Does this inject liquidity or absorb it?' and 'Does this raise interest rates or lower them?'
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. Standard NCERT Macroeconomics logic (Money & Banking chapter).
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Monetary Policy Tools (Quantitative) β†’ SLR β†’ Impact on Credit Creation and Interest Rates.
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Map the siblings: CRR impact, Repo vs. Bank Rate, Open Market Operations (OMO), MSF vs. LAF corridor, and the new Standing Deposit Facility (SDF). Understand the difference between 'Policy Rates' (Repo) and 'Reserve Ratios' (CRR/SLR).
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Don't just memorize 'SLR = Liquid Assets'. Ask 'So what?'. Logic chain: SLR down β†’ Banks have more free cash β†’ Supply of loanable funds increases β†’ Price of funds (Interest Rate) drops. Think in flowcharts.
Concept hooks from this question
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S1
πŸ‘‰ Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR): definition and composition
πŸ’‘ The insight

The statement revolves around SLR; several references define SLR and what counts as SLR assets (government securities, gold, cash).

SLR is a basic banking regulation concept frequently tested in prelims and mains. Understanding its legal basis, what assets qualify, and how it constrains banks' usable deposits helps answer questions on credit availability and regulation. Prepare by memorising the definition, typical SLR-eligible assets and historical trends, and practising application-based questions.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > The following are the major instruments/tools that RBI uses for conducting its monetary policy: > p. 63
  • Macroeconomics (NCERT class XII 2025 ed.) > Chapter 3: Money and Banking > Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) = Percentage of deposits which a bank must keep as cash reserves with the bank. > p. 40
  • Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 7: Money and Banking > INCREMENTAL CASH RESERVE RATIO > p. 168
πŸ”— Anchor: "When the Reserve Bank of India reduces the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) by 50..."
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S1
πŸ‘‰ How SLR affects bank credit supply and economic growth
πŸ’‘ The insight

References link lowering SLR to increasing economic growth by freeing resources for lending; SLR acts as a limit on credit creation.

This causal chain (SLR β†’ bank lending capacity β†’ aggregate demand/GDP) is high-yield for policy-effect questions. Mastering it enables you to evaluate policy moves (expansionary vs contractionary) and their likely transmission to growth and inflation. Practice by mapping stepwise effects and using numerical examples of deposit-to-loan implications.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 7: Money and Banking > INCREMENTAL CASH RESERVE RATIO > p. 169
  • Macroeconomics (NCERT class XII 2025 ed.) > Chapter 3: Money and Banking > Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) = Percentage of deposits which a bank must keep as cash reserves with the bank. > p. 40
πŸ”— Anchor: "When the Reserve Bank of India reduces the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) by 50..."
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S1
πŸ‘‰ Monetary policy instruments and the direction of policy (expansionary vs contractionary)
πŸ’‘ The insight

SLR is one of the RBI's tools; references state that reducing SLR is used to boost growth, and other examples of expansionary measures are listed.

UPSC often asks which tools the RBI uses and their intended effects. Knowing comparative roles of SLR, CRR, repo rate, bank rate helps answer multi-option and analytical questions. Study by comparing instruments, typical policy responses to recession vs inflation, and past RBI actions.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 7: Money and Banking > INCREMENTAL CASH RESERVE RATIO > p. 169
  • Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 7: Indian Economy after 2014 > Steps taken by RBI under Aatma Nirbhar Bharat > p. 248
πŸ”— Anchor: "When the Reserve Bank of India reduces the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) by 50..."
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S2
πŸ‘‰ Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR): definition and effect on bank liquidity/credit
πŸ’‘ The insight

SLR determines the fraction of deposits banks must hold in liquid assets; changing it alters banking system liquidity and credit-creation capacity, which is central to the statement's mechanism.

High-yield for monetary policy questions: understanding SLR explains how regulatory changes affect bank lending, market liquidity and macro interest rates. Links to CRR, LCR and credit multiplier topics; useful for cause-effect MCQs and analytical mains answers. Master by memorizing definition, tracing the chain SLR β†’ bank balances in govt securities β†’ lendable funds β†’ credit and liquidity.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > The following are the major instruments/tools that RBI uses for conducting its monetary policy: > p. 63
  • Macroeconomics (NCERT class XII 2025 ed.) > Chapter 3: Money and Banking > Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) = Percentage of deposits which a bank must keep as cash reserves with the bank. > p. 40
πŸ”— Anchor: "When the Reserve Bank of India reduces the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) by 50..."
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S2
πŸ‘‰ Characteristics and regulation of Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs)
πŸ’‘ The insight

FIIs are the actors whose behaviour (capital inflows) the statement asks about; knowing their registration, route of investment and short‑term/'hot money' nature frames plausibility of inflow responses.

Important for external sector and capital flow questions: explains who FIIs are, regulatory constraints and typical behaviour under changing domestic conditions. Connects to balance of payments, capital account volatility and policy responses. Prepare by learning definitions, regulatory routes (SEBI/PIS) and typical motivations of FIIs.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 16: Balance of Payments > a. Foreign Institutional Investment (FII) > p. 478
  • Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 16: Balance of Payments > a. Foreign Institutional Investment (FII) > p. 477
πŸ”— Anchor: "When the Reserve Bank of India reduces the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) by 50..."
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S2
πŸ‘‰ Foreign purchases of government bonds: effect on yields and liquidity
πŸ’‘ The insight

Evidence shows foreign investment in government bonds increases liquidity and lowers yieldsβ€”this links foreign flows, domestic bond yields and market liquidity, relevant when inferring FII responsiveness.

Useful for questions on interaction between capital flows and domestic interest rates: shows how FII demand for bonds affects yields and government borrowing costs. Helps analyze policy impacts (e.g., on bond yields, liquidity). Study by mapping investor actions to bond yields and fiscal/domestic market outcomes.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > Indian Govt. securities will very soon join Global Bond Index > p. 48
πŸ”— Anchor: "When the Reserve Bank of India reduces the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) by 50..."
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S3
πŸ‘‰ Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) β€” function and banks' reserve requirement
πŸ’‘ The insight

SLR defines the liquid assets banks must hold; lowering it increases funds available for lending and is therefore directly relevant to any claim that banks will cut lending rates.

High-yield for UPSC: understanding what SLR is and how changes affect banks' lendable resources helps answer questions on liquidity, credit supply and monetary policy transmission. It connects to CRR, liquidity management and credit creation topics. Master by memorising definitions and practising application questions (e.g., effects of SLR/CRR changes on bank lending and money supply).

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > The following are the major instruments/tools that RBI uses for conducting its monetary policy: > p. 63
  • Macroeconomics (NCERT class XII 2025 ed.) > Chapter 3: Money and Banking > Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) = Percentage of deposits which a bank must keep as cash reserves with the bank. > p. 40
  • Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 7: Money and Banking > INCREMENTAL CASH RESERVE RATIO > p. 169
πŸ”— Anchor: "When the Reserve Bank of India reduces the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) by 50..."
πŸŒ‘ The Hidden Trap

Standing Deposit Facility (SDF): The modern sibling to Reverse Repo. While SLR manages solvency/liquidity, SDF is now the floor of the liquidity corridor to absorb excess liquidity without requiring RBI to provide collateral. Expect a question comparing SDF vs Reverse Repo.

⚑ Elimination Cheat Code

The 'Drastic' Heuristic: In Macroeconomics, a 50 basis point (0.5%) change is a fine-tuning adjustment. It never causes 'drastic' changes (eliminates A and D). Option B relies on external factors (FIIs). Option C uses 'may' and follows direct supply-demand logic (More supply of money = Lower price/rate).

πŸ”— Mains Connection

Mains GS-3 (Fiscal Policy): High SLR is historically a tool for 'Financial Repression'. It forces banks to buy Govt bonds, allowing the Govt to borrow cheaply to fund the Fiscal Deficit, but it 'crowds out' private sector investment by reducing lendable funds.

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

IAS Β· 2010 Β· Q110 Relevance score: 1.99

When the Reserve Bank of India announces an increase of the Cash Reserve Ratio, what does it mean?

IAS Β· 2011 Β· Q87 Relevance score: 0.68

The lowering of Bank Rate by the Reserve Bank of India leads to

IAS Β· 2020 Β· Q47 Relevance score: -0.37

If the RBI decides to adopt an expansionist monetary policy, which of the following would it not do ? 1. Cut and optimize the Statutory Liquidity Ratio 2. Increase the Marginal Standing Facility Rate 3. Cut the Bank Rate and Repo Rate Select the correct answer using the code given below :

IAS Β· 2013 Β· Q17 Relevance score: -0.64

The Reserve Bank of India regulates the commercial banks in matters of 1. Liquidity of assets 2. Branch expansion 3. Merger of banks 4. Winding-up of banks Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

IAS Β· 2024 Β· Q42 Relevance score: -0.84

Consider the following statements : 1. In India, Non-Banking Financial Companies can access the Liquidity Adjustment Facility window of the Reserve Bank of India. 2. In India, Foreign Institutional Investors can hold the Government Securities (G-Secs). 3. In India, Stock Exchanges can offer separate trading platforms for debts. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?