With reference to the use of nanotechnology in health sector, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Targeted drug delivery is made possible by nanotechnology. 2. Nanotechnology can largely contribute to gene therapy. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

The modified drug policy explicitly promotes R&D in the drug sector and grants regulatory/exemptions (e.g., newly developed drugs outside price control), a pattern that encourages development of novel drug technologies.

A student could infer that policy incentives for R&D make it more likely that advanced approaches like nanotechnology-based targeted delivery would be researched and developed domestically, and then check regulatory guidelines for such products.

Calls for an inter-ministerial group to boost R&D and for quicker clearance of new drug applications indicate institutional mechanisms exist to evaluate and potentially approve novel drug technologies.

One could use this to reason that if nanotech drug carriers are developed, there is a procedural pathway for their regulatory assessment and market entry; confirm by examining specific regulatory approval criteria.

The pharmaceutical industry has grown substantially (large production share and export orientation), showing infrastructure and expertise that can support development/manufacture of advanced formulations.

A student might combine this industry capacity with knowledge of nanomedicine manufacturing requirements to judge feasibility of producing targeted nanodrugs in the sector.

Discussion of solvents and traditional formulation methods highlights that drug delivery depends on formulation techniques—implying that new formulation technologies (e.g., nanoformulations) are part of the same conceptual space.

One could extend this by comparing standard formulation principles to nanocarrier approaches to see how formulation changes can enable targeted delivery.

The industry’s dependence on imported raw materials (APIs) shows a supply-chain constraint that could affect adoption or scale-up of specialized technologies.

A student could use this to temper expectations: even if nanotech enables targeted delivery technically, supply/dependency issues might affect implementation—check availability of required nano-grade materials.

Gives a clear definition of genetic modification/gene technology and describes insertion of foreign genes (gene modification), identifying the technical target that therapies must achieve.

A student can combine this with the basic fact that gene therapy requires safe and effective delivery of genetic material and then ask whether nanotechnology offers such delivery platforms.

Describes India's strong vaccine/biotechnology capabilities and leadership in health biotechnology.

Use this to infer that a robust biotech sector could adopt or scale complementary technologies (e.g., nanotech-based delivery) to advance gene therapies.

Names Biocon as a torchbearer in the biotechnology segment, indicating presence of advanced biotech industry actors.

A student could check whether such firms work on drug-delivery or genetic therapies and whether they partner with nanotech developers to enable gene therapy.

Cartagena Protocol excerpt highlights biosafety concerns and procedures for products of modern biotechnology.

Combine this with the understanding that new delivery methods (like nanocarriers) raise biosafety/regulatory issues relevant to gene therapy adoption and impact.

Notes the scale and limitations of the pharmaceutical industry (large volume production but import dependence for some inputs), implying capacity and gaps in supporting advanced therapies.

A student could use this to judge whether national manufacturing and supply-chain capacity would support scaling nanotechnology-enabled gene therapies.