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Q78 (IAS/2015) Geography › Indian Physical Geography › Indian forest types Official Key

In India, in which one of the following types of forests is teak a dominant tree species?

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: A
Explanation

Tropical Moist Deciduous forests are typical monsoon forests with teak (Tectona grandis) and sal (Shorea robusta) as the dominant species.[1] They form the natural vegetation all over the country where the average annual rainfall ranges between 100–200 cm.[1] These forests are dominated by sal and teak, along with mango, bamboo, and rosewood.[2] Additionally, Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests are the largest forest type of India covering about 40% of the forest area of the country, with dry teak and dry sal forests predominating in the southern and northern regions of India, respectively.[3] Teak is not a dominant species in tropical rain forests, tropical thorn scrub forests, or temperate forests with grasslands. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Sources
  1. [1] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Table 5.5 > p. 15
  2. [2] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 10: Indian Forest > 10.1.3. Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests > p. 161
  3. [3] https://www.ceeindia.org/CEE-Academy-resouce/PDF/Forest%20ecosystem%20Forest%20Types%20of%20India.pdf
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Q. In India, in which one of the following types of forests is teak a dominant tree species? [A] Tropical moist deciduous forest [B] Tropi…
At a glance
Origin: Books + Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 2.5/10 · 7.5/10

This is a non-negotiable 'sitter' directly from NCERT Class IX and XI. If you get this wrong, you are statistically out of the competition. The strategy is simple: memorize the 'Top 3 Signature Trees' for every Indian forest type found in the NCERT tables.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Is teak (Tectona grandis) a dominant tree species in India's tropical moist deciduous forests?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Table 5.5 > p. 15
Presence: 5/5
“Due to poor accessibility these forests have not been properly exploited. In areas where rainfall varies between 200 to 250 cm and the mean monthly temperature varies between 20oC to 27oC , the evergreen forests degenerate into semi-evergreen forests. These forests are found along the Western Ghats, upper Assam, slopes of the Himalayas, and Odisha. The important varieties include aini, semul, gutel, mundane, hopea, kadam, irul, rosewood, laurel, haldu, kanju, holloch, champa, and mesua. 2. The Tropical Moist Deciduous: These are typical monsoon forests with teak (Tectona grandis) and sal (Shorea robusta) as the dominant species. They form the natural vegetation all over the country where the average annual rainfall ranges between 100–200 cm.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states tropical moist deciduous (monsoon) forests have teak and sal as the dominant species.
  • Directly links teak (Tectona grandis) to the forest type named in the statement.
Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 10: Indian Forest > 10.1.3. Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests > p. 161
Presence: 5/5
“Moist deciduous forests are found throughout India except in the western and the north-western regions. The trees are tall, have broad trunks, branching trunks and roots to hold them firmly to the ground. Some of the tailer trees shed their leaves in the dry season. There is a layer of shorter trees and evergreen shrubs in the undergrowth. These forests are dominated by sal and teak, along with mango, bamboo, and rosewood.”
Why this source?
  • Says moist deciduous forests are dominated by sal and teak.
  • Describes typical vegetation structure for these forests, reinforcing teak's dominance.
CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife > Tropical Deciduous Forests > p. 40
Presence: 5/5
“Teak is the most dominant species of this forest. Bamboos, sal, shisham, sandalwood, khair, kusum, arjun and mulberry are other commercially important species. The dry deciduous forests are found in areas having rainfall between 100 cm and 70 cm. These forests are found in the rainier parts of the Peninsular plateau and the plains of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. There are open stretches, in which teak, sal, peepal and neem grow. A large part of this region has been cleared for cultivation and some parts are used for grazing. In these forests, the common animals found are lion, tiger, pig, deer and elephant.”
Why this source?
  • States 'Teak is the most dominant species of this forest' (referring to tropical deciduous forests).
  • Lists other species but singles out teak as the primary dominant species.
Statement 2
Is teak (Tectona grandis) a dominant tree species in India's tropical rain forests?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests are largest forest type of India covering about 40% of the forest area of the country, dry teak (Tectona grandis)and dry sal (Shorea robusta) forests predominate in the southern and northern regions of India, respectively."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly identifies 'dry teak (Tectona grandis)' as predominating in Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests in India.
  • Implies teak is characteristic of dry deciduous forest types, not tropical rain forests.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"Dry forests include deciduous dipterocarp forests and mixed decidu-ous woodlands often containing some very valuable tree species, such as teak (Tectona grandis),"
Why this source?
  • States that 'Dry forests ... often containing ... teak (Tectona grandis)'.
  • Places teak in dry forest contexts rather than in tropical (evergreen) rain forests.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Table 5.5 > p. 15
Strength: 5/5
“Due to poor accessibility these forests have not been properly exploited. In areas where rainfall varies between 200 to 250 cm and the mean monthly temperature varies between 20oC to 27oC , the evergreen forests degenerate into semi-evergreen forests. These forests are found along the Western Ghats, upper Assam, slopes of the Himalayas, and Odisha. The important varieties include aini, semul, gutel, mundane, hopea, kadam, irul, rosewood, laurel, haldu, kanju, holloch, champa, and mesua. 2. The Tropical Moist Deciduous: These are typical monsoon forests with teak (Tectona grandis) and sal (Shorea robusta) as the dominant species. They form the natural vegetation all over the country where the average annual rainfall ranges between 100–200 cm.”
Why relevant

States that 'Tropical Moist Deciduous' (a major tropical forest type) have teak and sal as the dominant species.

How to extend

A student can distinguish 'tropical moist deciduous' from 'tropical wet/evergreen rain forests' on a map and therefore judge whether teak dominance applies to true rain forests or to deciduous monsoon forests.

CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife > Tropical Deciduous Forests > p. 40
Strength: 5/5
“Teak is the most dominant species of this forest. Bamboos, sal, shisham, sandalwood, khair, kusum, arjun and mulberry are other commercially important species. The dry deciduous forests are found in areas having rainfall between 100 cm and 70 cm. These forests are found in the rainier parts of the Peninsular plateau and the plains of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. There are open stretches, in which teak, sal, peepal and neem grow. A large part of this region has been cleared for cultivation and some parts are used for grazing. In these forests, the common animals found are lion, tiger, pig, deer and elephant.”
Why relevant

Says 'Teak is the most dominant species of this forest' in the context of tropical deciduous forests (describing species composition of those forests).

How to extend

By comparing the described species of deciduous forests with published species lists for India's wet/evergreen rain forests, a student can infer whether teak is characteristic of evergreen rain forests.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 10: Indian Forest > 10.1.3. Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests > p. 161
Strength: 4/5
“Moist deciduous forests are found throughout India except in the western and the north-western regions. The trees are tall, have broad trunks, branching trunks and roots to hold them firmly to the ground. Some of the tailer trees shed their leaves in the dry season. There is a layer of shorter trees and evergreen shrubs in the undergrowth. These forests are dominated by sal and teak, along with mango, bamboo, and rosewood.”
Why relevant

States that moist deciduous forests are 'dominated by sal and teak' alongside other species, separating them as a distinct forest type.

How to extend

Using this rule that teak dominates moist deciduous areas, a student can check the geographic distribution of evergreen rain forests (e.g., Western Ghats windward zones, NE hills, Andamans) to see if those areas are described instead as evergreen with different dominant species.

Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > social relevance of forests > p. 21
Strength: 4/5
“• Col1: 1.; Types of Forest: Tropical Wet-evergreen Forests; States/Union Territories: Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Western Ghats; Species of vegetation: Betel-nut-palm, fern, hillock, jack-fruit, rubber, cincona, rose-wood, iron wood, orchids, etc. • Col1: 2.; Types of Forest: Tropical Semi-evergreen Forests; States/Union Territories: Andaman and Nicobar, Eastern Himalayas and Western Ghats; Species of vegetation: Mixture of wet and dry evergreen trees • Col1: 3.; Types of Forest: Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests; States/Union Territories: Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, North Eastern Hills of India,; Species of vegetation: Tall trees, thick trunks, thick bark, long branches with butts, trees drop their leaves in dry season, teak, sal, shisum, bamboo, etc. • Col1: 4.; Types of Forest: Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest; States/Union Territories: Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Northeast Hilly States; Species of vegetation: Acacia, bamboo, Mahuva, sal, teak, etc. • Col1: 5.; Types of Forest: Tropical Torn Forests; States/Union Territories: Black earth region, North-west and Peninsular India; Species of vegetation: Caper, cactus, spurge, stunted fat topped trees (less than ten meters in height) • Col1: 6.; Types of Forest: Tropical Dry Evergreen Forests; States/Union Territories: Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Telangana; Species of vegetation: Hard leaved evergreen trees with fragrant fowers mixed with a few decidu ous trees • Col1: 7.; Types of Forest: Subtropical Broad-leaved Forest; States/Union Territories: Eastern Himalayas, Western Ghats, Silent Valley; Species of vegetation: Cinnamon, fragrant grasses, poonspar, rhodo dendron.”
Why relevant

Provides species lists by forest type and lists teak among species of tropical moist (and dry) deciduous forests, while listing different species for tropical wet-evergreen forests.

How to extend

A student can use these species-by-type lists to test whether teak is typical of 'tropical wet-evergreen' rain forests (it is not listed there), suggesting teak is not a dominant in true rain forests.

Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 10: Locational Factors of Economic Activities > Classification of Forest Areas > p. 23
Strength: 3/5
“Te forest areas of the world may be classifed into: (i) Tropical Hardwood Forests, (ii) Coniferous Forests (Fig. 10.7). Tropical Hardwood Forests Te tropical hardwood forests include the evergreen rain forests of the equatorial region and the monsoon forests. In monsoon forests the trees are deciduous, shedding their leaves in the dry season. Te majority of the trees are broad leaved and yield valuable hardwoods. Some tropical trees are noted for their extreme hardness, e.g. teak, sal, ironwood, and rosewood are so heavy and difcult to work that they have to be killed by ring-barking several years before they are felled.”
Why relevant

Explains the classification: tropical hardwood forests include both evergreen rain forests and monsoon (deciduous) forests, and it names teak among extremely hard tropical trees noted in monsoon/wood-using contexts.

How to extend

A student can apply this classification to separate 'evergreen rain forests' (with their own typical species) from monsoon/deciduous forests where teak appears, to infer whether teak dominates evergreen rain forests.

Statement 3
Is teak (Tectona grandis) a dominant tree species in India's tropical thorn scrub forests?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"In India, in which one of the following types of forests is teak a dominant tree species? ... Answer: (a) Tropical moist deciduous forest"
Why this source?
  • Contains a direct question-and-answer stating which forest type teak is dominant in.
  • Specifies teak is dominant in Tropical moist deciduous forest, not tropical thorn scrub.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"Examples of these trees are teak, bamboo, sandalwood, axlewood, tendu (Diospyros), and many more."
Why this source?
  • Lists teak among example trees of Tropical Moist Deciduous forests.
  • Separately describes Tropical Thorn (Scrub) as dry, thorny vegetation, implying different dominant species.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Table 5.5 > p. 15
Strength: 5/5
“Due to poor accessibility these forests have not been properly exploited. In areas where rainfall varies between 200 to 250 cm and the mean monthly temperature varies between 20oC to 27oC , the evergreen forests degenerate into semi-evergreen forests. These forests are found along the Western Ghats, upper Assam, slopes of the Himalayas, and Odisha. The important varieties include aini, semul, gutel, mundane, hopea, kadam, irul, rosewood, laurel, haldu, kanju, holloch, champa, and mesua. 2. The Tropical Moist Deciduous: These are typical monsoon forests with teak (Tectona grandis) and sal (Shorea robusta) as the dominant species. They form the natural vegetation all over the country where the average annual rainfall ranges between 100–200 cm.”
Why relevant

States a general rule: teak (Tectona grandis) is a dominant species of tropical moist deciduous (monsoon) forests.

How to extend

A student can contrast the typical environments of moist deciduous forests with thorn scrub areas (rainfall, soil) to judge whether teak’s ecology fits thorn scrub.

INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation > Tropical Thorn Forests > p. 44
Strength: 5/5
“Tropical thorn forests occur in the areas which receive rainfall less than 50 cm. These consist of a variety of grasses and shrubs. It includes semi-arid areas of south west Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. In these forests, plants remain leafless for most part of the year and give an expression of scrub vegetation. Important species found are babool, ber, and wild date palm, khair, neem, khejri, palas, etc. Tussocky grass grows upto a height of 2 m as the under growth.”
Why relevant

Defines tropical thorn forests as occurring where rainfall is less than 50 cm and lists their important species (babool, ber, wild date palm, khair, neem, khejri, palas) — teak is not listed.

How to extend

Using the rainfall threshold and species list, a student can check teak’s known rainfall preferences and natural range to assess suitability in thorn scrub.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Table 5.5 > p. 16
Strength: 4/5
“sissoo), Hurra (Terminalia chebula), and Khair (Acacia catechu). 3. The Tropical Thorny Forests: The tropical thorny forest is a degraded version of the moist deciduous forest. Varies between 75 and 100 cm and the average annual temperature between 16oC and 22.5oC. These forests are found in peninsular India, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, western Uttar Pradesh, Kutch, Madhya Pradesh and the foothills of the Himalayas (Fig. 5.3). The important trees of these forests are acacia, wild-palms, euphorbias, jhad, tamarix, khair, kokko, dhaman, erunjha, cacti, kanju, and palas.”
Why relevant

Describes 'tropical thorny forest' as a degraded moist deciduous type, gives its rainfall range (75–100 cm here) and important trees (acacia, wild-palms, euphorbias, khair, palas) — teak again absent from the thorn species list.

How to extend

A student could compare the thorny-forest species list and rainfall range to teak’s documented occurrences to see if overlap is likely.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 10: Indian Forest > 10.1.3. Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests > p. 161
Strength: 4/5
“Moist deciduous forests are found throughout India except in the western and the north-western regions. The trees are tall, have broad trunks, branching trunks and roots to hold them firmly to the ground. Some of the tailer trees shed their leaves in the dry season. There is a layer of shorter trees and evergreen shrubs in the undergrowth. These forests are dominated by sal and teak, along with mango, bamboo, and rosewood.”
Why relevant

Reiterates that moist deciduous forests are dominated by sal and teak (with mango, bamboo, rosewood), tying teak to moister monsoon forest types rather than arid scrub.

How to extend

A student can use this to infer that teak prefers moister monsoon zones and so is less likely to dominate low-rainfall thorn scrub.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > 2. Woods of the Monsoon Forests > p. 22
Strength: 4/5
“The main trees of the monsoon forests are as under: • (i) Sal (Shorea Robusta): It occurs in the sub-Himalayan region from Kangra (Himachal Pradesh) to Darrang (Assam), Meghalaya and the northern parts of Tamil Nadu. Its wood is very heavy, hard and durable. It is much in demand for piles, doors, beams, planking and railway sleepers. Sal forests occupy 11.6 lakh hectares, accounting for about 16% of the total forest area of the country.• (ii) Teak (Tectona Grandis): Teak is the most popular tree of the monsoon climate found mainly in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, the foothills of Himalayas, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, the western and eastern Ghats, and Banswara (Rajasthan).”
Why relevant

Lists the main trees of monsoon forests and specifies regions where teak is found (Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, Ghats, parts of Rajasthan) — associating teak with monsoon/deciduous belts.

How to extend

A student could map these teak regions against maps of thorn-scrub distribution (arid NW India) to see if teak’s core range overlaps thorn scrub areas.

Statement 4
Is teak (Tectona grandis) a dominant tree species in India's temperate forests with grasslands?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 4/5
"Dry forests include deciduous dipterocarp forests and mixed decidu-ous woodlands often containing some very valuable tree species, such as teak (Tectona grandis), and trees from the dipterocarp family (Dipterocarpaceae)."
Why this source?
  • States teak (Tectona grandis) occurs in dry forests — deciduous and mixed deciduous woodlands, not described as temperate forests.
  • Places teak in a Southeast Asia dry-forest context rather than in montane/temperate forest types with grasslands.
Web source
Presence: 3/5
"11. Montane Wet Temperate Forests 20,435 2.66 12. Himalayan Moist Temperate Forests 25,743 3.35"
Why this source?
  • India's State of Forest Report separately lists Montane Wet Temperate and Himalayan Moist Temperate forest groups, indicating distinct temperate forest categories.
  • The ISFR excerpts enumerate temperate forest groups but do not identify teak as a dominant species in these temperate categories.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > 2. Woods of the Monsoon Forests > p. 22
Strength: 5/5
“The main trees of the monsoon forests are as under: • (i) Sal (Shorea Robusta): It occurs in the sub-Himalayan region from Kangra (Himachal Pradesh) to Darrang (Assam), Meghalaya and the northern parts of Tamil Nadu. Its wood is very heavy, hard and durable. It is much in demand for piles, doors, beams, planking and railway sleepers. Sal forests occupy 11.6 lakh hectares, accounting for about 16% of the total forest area of the country.• (ii) Teak (Tectona Grandis): Teak is the most popular tree of the monsoon climate found mainly in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, the foothills of Himalayas, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, the western and eastern Ghats, and Banswara (Rajasthan).”
Why relevant

States that teak is a principal tree of the monsoon (tropical) forests and lists its main geographic distribution in peninsular and lowland regions.

How to extend

A student could note that monsoon/tropical distribution contrasts with temperate montane zones on a map, so teak's listed range makes dominance in temperate forests unlikely.

CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife > Tropical Deciduous Forests > p. 40
Strength: 5/5
“Teak is the most dominant species of this forest. Bamboos, sal, shisham, sandalwood, khair, kusum, arjun and mulberry are other commercially important species. The dry deciduous forests are found in areas having rainfall between 100 cm and 70 cm. These forests are found in the rainier parts of the Peninsular plateau and the plains of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. There are open stretches, in which teak, sal, peepal and neem grow. A large part of this region has been cleared for cultivation and some parts are used for grazing. In these forests, the common animals found are lion, tiger, pig, deer and elephant.”
Why relevant

Explicitly names teak as the most dominant species of (dry/moist) deciduous forests and describes these forests' landscapes and climates (rainfall 70–100 cm).

How to extend

Compare the climate/rainfall and lowland locations given here with climatic/altitudinal conditions of temperate montane grassland-forest mosaics to assess mismatch.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 10: Indian Forest > 10.1.3. Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests > p. 161
Strength: 4/5
“Moist deciduous forests are found throughout India except in the western and the north-western regions. The trees are tall, have broad trunks, branching trunks and roots to hold them firmly to the ground. Some of the tailer trees shed their leaves in the dry season. There is a layer of shorter trees and evergreen shrubs in the undergrowth. These forests are dominated by sal and teak, along with mango, bamboo, and rosewood.”
Why relevant

Notes moist deciduous forests are 'dominated by sal and teak' and characterizes them as widespread in India except western/north-western regions.

How to extend

Use this rule that teak dominates moist deciduous (tropical) forests to infer teak is a tropical species rather than a temperate-montane one.

INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation > Montane Forests > p. 45
Strength: 5/5
“The Himalayan ranges show a succession of vegetation from the tropical to the tundra, which change in with the altitude. Deciduous forests are found in the foothills of the Himalayas. It is succeeded by the wet temperate type of forests between an altitude of 1,000-2,000 m. In the higher hill ranges of northeastern India, hilly areas of West Bengal and Uttaranchal, evergreen broad leaf trees such as oak and chestnut are predominant. Between 1,500-1,750 m, pine forests are also well-developed in this zone, with Chir Pine as a very useful commercial tree. Deodar, a highly valued endemic species grows mainly in the western part of the Himalayan range.”
Why relevant

Describes montane/temperate zones (1,000–2,000 m) where wet temperate forests have oak, chestnut and pines (e.g., Chir Pine, Deodar) as predominant trees.

How to extend

Map these montane species and elevational zones against teak's peninsular/lowland distribution to infer different dominant species in temperate forests with grasslands.

INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation > Tropical Deciduous Forests > p. 44
Strength: 4/5
“On the wetter margins, it has a transition to the moist deciduous, while on the drier margins to thorn forests. These forests are found in rainier areas of the Peninsula and the plains of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. In the higher rainfall regions of the Peninsular plateau and the northern Indian plain, these forests have a parkland landscape with open stretches in which teak and other trees interspersed with patches of grass are common. As the dry season begins, the trees shed their leaves completely and the forest appears like a vast grassland with naked trees all around. Tendu, palas, amaltas, bel, khair, axlewood, etc. are the common trees of these forests.”
Why relevant

Explains parkland/open-stretch landscapes in higher rainfall peninsular and northern plains where teak interspersed with grass occurs—describing a savannah-like/tropical parkland rather than true temperate grassland-forest.

How to extend

Differentiate this tropical 'parkland' with teak-plus-grass from temperate forest–grassland mosaics by altitude and species lists to question teak dominance in temperate zones.

Pattern takeaway: UPSC consistently tests the 'Signature Species' of biomes. They focus on commercially or ecologically significant trees (Teak, Sal, Red Sanders, Sandalwood). The pattern is strictly static geography; no web search is required if your NCERT base is solid.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. Direct lift from NCERT Class IX (Ch 5) and Class XI (Ch 5). No current affairs needed.
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Indian Geography > Natural Vegetation > The specific species composition of the 'Monsoon Forest' (Deciduous).
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 'Kings' of each biome: Moist Deciduous (Teak, Sal, Sandalwood); Dry Deciduous (Tendu, Palas, Bel); Wet Evergreen (Rosewood, Ebony, Mahogany); Thorn (Babool, Khejri); Montane (Deodar, Chir Pine).
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Do not read vegetation chapters passively. Create a matrix: [Forest Type] vs [Rainfall Range] vs [3 Key Species]. UPSC asks you to map the species to the climate.
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Dominant tree species of Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests
💡 The insight

Several references explicitly identify teak (with sal) as the dominant species in India's moist deciduous/monsoon forests.

High-yield factual concept often tested in GS geography and environment questions; connects to questions on forest types, timber resources, and regional vegetation. Learn by tabulating forest types with their characteristic species and examples to quickly eliminate options in multiple-choice and descriptive questions.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Table 5.5 > p. 15
  • Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 10: Indian Forest > 10.1.3. Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests > p. 161
  • CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife > Tropical Deciduous Forests > p. 40
🔗 Anchor: "Is teak (Tectona grandis) a dominant tree species in India's tropical moist deci..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Rainfall range and regional occurrence of moist deciduous forests
💡 The insight

References give rainfall bands (e.g., 100–200 cm) and list regions (Western Ghats, northeastern states, Odisha) where moist deciduous forests occur.

Exam questions commonly ask to match forest types with climatic thresholds and regions; mastering rainfall ranges and regional distribution helps answer location, conservation, and resource-based questions. Prepare via maps and a concise table of forest types vs. rainfall/regions.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Table 5.5 > p. 15
  • INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation > Tropical Deciduous Forests > p. 44
  • CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife > Tropical Deciduous Forests > p. 40
🔗 Anchor: "Is teak (Tectona grandis) a dominant tree species in India's tropical moist deci..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Moist vs Dry Deciduous forest distinction
💡 The insight

Evidence divides monsoon/deciduous forests into moist (higher rainfall) and dry (lower rainfall) types and lists species composition differences including presence of teak.

Useful for comparative questions (e.g., species composition, economic uses, distribution). Understanding thresholds and typical species allows quick reasoning in both MCQs and mains answers; revise by comparing characteristic species, rainfall ranges, and typical states.

📚 Reading List :
  • INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation > Tropical Deciduous Forests > p. 44
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Table 5.5 > p. 15
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > 2. Woods of the Monsoon Forests > p. 22
🔗 Anchor: "Is teak (Tectona grandis) a dominant tree species in India's tropical moist deci..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Difference between Tropical Evergreen (rain) forests and Tropical Moist/Monsoon (deciduous) forests
💡 The insight

Multiple references distinguish evergreen rain forests from monsoon/moist deciduous forests, showing different dominant species and ecological characteristics.

High-yield for UPSC geography: questions often ask to match forest types with climate, location, and species. Understanding the contrast helps answer distribution and species-dominance questions and links to climate (rainfall) and biogeography. Prepare by tabulating forest types, rainfall ranges, locations and key species for quick recall.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Table 5.5 > p. 15
  • Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 10: Indian Forest > 10.1.3. Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests > p. 161
  • INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation > Tropical Deciduous Forests > p. 44
🔗 Anchor: "Is teak (Tectona grandis) a dominant tree species in India's tropical rain fores..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Species association of Teak (Tectona grandis)
💡 The insight

References explicitly state teak is dominant in monsoon/tropical moist deciduous forests rather than in evergreen rain forests.

Frequently tested to match tree species with forest types (e.g., teak with moist deciduous). Mastering species–forest associations reduces errors in objective and descriptive questions; use flashcards and map-based revision linking species to states/regions.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > 2. Woods of the Monsoon Forests > p. 22
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Table 5.5 > p. 15
  • CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife > Tropical Deciduous Forests > p. 40
🔗 Anchor: "Is teak (Tectona grandis) a dominant tree species in India's tropical rain fores..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Rainfall thresholds that determine Indian forest types
💡 The insight

Evidence gives numeric rainfall ranges (e.g., 70–200 cm, 100–200 cm) that separate dry, moist/monsoon, and evergreen forests, which determines where species like teak occur.

High utility for mapping vegetation distribution and answering questions on climatic controls of vegetation. UPSC often asks linkage of rainfall bands to forest types or regional vegetation—learn the common rainfall bands and practice applying them to regions on the map.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Table 5.5 > p. 15
  • CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife > Tropical Deciduous Forests > p. 40
  • INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation > Tropical Deciduous Forests > p. 44
🔗 Anchor: "Is teak (Tectona grandis) a dominant tree species in India's tropical rain fores..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 Forest-type → characteristic species (moist deciduous vs thorn scrub)
💡 The insight

References distinguish tropical moist/monsoon deciduous forests (teak, sal) from tropical thorn/thorny forests (acacia, babool, khejri, cacti, etc.), directly relating species to forest type.

High-yield for UPSC: questions often ask to match vegetation types with dominant species or to spot incorrect species–forest pairings. Mastering this helps answer direct MCQs and map-based questions; prepare by tabulating major forest types, their key species, and typical locations from standard sources.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Table 5.5 > p. 15
  • INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation > Tropical Thorn Forests > p. 44
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Table 5.5 > p. 16
🔗 Anchor: "Is teak (Tectona grandis) a dominant tree species in India's tropical thorn scru..."
🌑 The Hidden Trap

While Teak is Moist Deciduous, 'Tendu' (Diospyros melanoxylon) is the signature tree of Dry Deciduous forests and is politically significant due to Bidi leaf collection rights (Tribal rights/FRA).

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

Think 'Furniture'. Teak is India's premium furniture wood. Rainforests (Rosewood) are too hard/dense for easy mass exploitation; Thorn forests have no timber; Temperate softwoods are for pulp. Teak must belong to the most widespread, commercially exploited forest type: The Monsoon (Deciduous) Forest.

🔗 Mains Connection

History & Economy: Teak (Sagwan) was the primary reason the British established the Imperial Forest Department in 1864 to fuel the Royal Navy and Indian Railways. This connects Geography to Colonial History and modern Forest Rights Acts.

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

CDS-I · 2006 · Q28 Relevance score: 3.61

Which one of the following types of forests is most widespread in India ?

NDA-II · 2008 · Q5 Relevance score: 3.05

Which one of the following types of forest covers the maximum area in India?

IAS · 2010 · Q98 Relevance score: 2.86

In India, which type of forest among the following occupies the largest area?

CAPF · 2009 · Q87 Relevance score: 2.86

Which one of the following types of forests cover the largest area in India ?

IAS · 1997 · Q37 Relevance score: 1.58

Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched ?