Question map
Not attempted Correct Incorrect Bookmarked
Loading…
Q69 (IAS/2015) Geography › Maps & Locations › Indian environmental sites Official Key

In a particular region in India, the local people train the roots of living trees into robust bridges across the streams. As the time passes, these bridges become stronger. These unique living root bridges' are found in

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: A
Explanation

The living root bridges are found in Meghalaya, where they are created by weaving tree roots over the course of many years.[1] Mawlynnong Village, situated in the East Khasi Hills of Meghalaya, is renowned as the 'cleanest village in Asia' and[1] is known for its living root bridges. Southern Meghalaya in far northeastern India is one of the wettest places on Earth, crisscrossed by fast-flowing rivers and mountain streams, where bridges aren't built – they're grown, ensuring connectivity in a remote area.[2] Root bridges are commonly formed by training young rubber fig roots over scaffolds made from wood or bamboo, materials which are abundant in Northeast India.[3] This unique bio-engineering technique has been practiced by the indigenous Khasi and Jaintia tribes for centuries, creating bridges that indeed become stronger over time as the roots thicken and mature.

Sources
  1. [1] Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 1: Geographical Diversity of India > The hills of the Northeast > p. 24
  2. [2] https://blogs.adb.org/ru/blog/architecture-resilience
  3. [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living_root_bridge
How others answered
Each bar shows the % of students who chose that option. Green bar = correct answer, blue outline = your choice.
Community Performance
Out of everyone who attempted this question.
50%
got it right
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full view
Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. In a particular region in India, the local people train the roots of living trees into robust bridges across the streams. As the time pas…
At a glance
Origin: Books + Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 2.5/10 · 7.5/10

This question sits at the sweet spot of 'Environment' and 'Art & Culture'. It rewards candidates who pay attention to 'Indigenous Knowledge Systems' (IKS) mentioned in NCERT sidebars or environmental news. It is a high-fairness question testing basic regional geography awareness.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Are the living root bridges (bridges formed by training the roots of living trees) found in Meghalaya, India?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 1: Geographical Diversity of India > The hills of the Northeast > p. 24
Presence: 5/5
“Mawlynnong Village, situated in the East Khasi Hills of Meghalaya, is renowned as the 'cleanest village in Asia'. This picturesque village is famous for its well-maintained cleanliness, bamboo dustbins, and eco-friendly living practices. The village is also known for its living root bridges, which are created by weaving tree roots over the course of many years. Fig. 1.42. Living root bridges showcase the craftsmanship of the tribes of the Northeast.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly names Mawlynnong in the East Khasi Hills of Meghalaya and states it is known for living root bridges.
  • Describes living root bridges as being created by weaving tree roots over many years, linking the phenomenon to that location.
  • Accompanies the regional caption noting these bridges showcase tribal craftsmanship of the Northeast, reinforcing local occurrence.
Statement 2
Are the living root bridges (bridges formed by training the roots of living trees) found in Himachal Pradesh, India?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Southern Meghalaya in far northeastern India ... Here bridges aren’t built – they’re grown, ensuring connectivity in a remote area."
Why this source?
  • Specifies living root bridges are grown in Southern Meghalaya, not Himachal Pradesh.
  • Describes local practice and species (ficus elastic) used in far northeastern India.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
""Living Root Bridges of Cherrapunji""
Why this source?
  • References 'Living Root Bridges of Cherrapunji', linking the bridges to Cherrapunji/Meghalaya.
  • Multiple citations and media entries in the article focus on Meghalaya locations.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"materials which are abundant in Northeast India."
Why this source?
  • States root bridges are commonly formed using materials abundant in Northeast India.
  • Implies geographic concentration in northeastern India rather than Himachal Pradesh.

Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 1: Geographical Diversity of India > The hills of the Northeast > p. 24
Strength: 5/5
“Mawlynnong Village, situated in the East Khasi Hills of Meghalaya, is renowned as the 'cleanest village in Asia'. This picturesque village is famous for its well-maintained cleanliness, bamboo dustbins, and eco-friendly living practices. The village is also known for its living root bridges, which are created by weaving tree roots over the course of many years. Fig. 1.42. Living root bridges showcase the craftsmanship of the tribes of the Northeast.”
Why relevant

Gives a concrete example and location: living root bridges are described as a feature of the East Khasi Hills of Meghalaya.

How to extend

A student can compare the known Khasi‑Hills location (wet, tropical hill environment) with Himachal's ecology on a map to judge whether similar conditions exist there.

Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > social relevance of forests > p. 22
Strength: 4/5
“• Col1: 11.; Col2: Himalayan Moist Deciduous Forests; Col3: Shiwaliks, and the Lesser Himalayas; Col4: Broad-leaved oak trees, brown oak bamboo, coniferous trees, fern, oak, rhododendron, walnut • Col1: 12.; Col2: Himalayan Dry Temperate Forests; Col3: Lahaul-Spiti, Kinnaur (Himachal Pradesh), Sikkim, etc.; Col4: Predominantly coniferous trees, broad leavedash, maple (chinar) oak, at higher altitudes chilgoza, deodar, fr, juniper. • Col1: 16.; Col2: Sub-alpine Forest; Col3: Arunachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir state; Col4: Birch, black-juniper, red fr, larch, many species of rhododendron. • Col1: 17.; Col2: Moist Alpine Scrub; Col3: Himalayas and higher hills of North East India; Col4: Birch, scrub, dense ever green forest, rhododen dron, mosses and ferns • Col1: 18.; Col2: Dry Alpine Scrub; Col3: Himalayas between 3000 to 4900 metres; Col4: Dwarf plants, black juniper, drooping juniper, honeysuckle and willow • Col1: 19.; Col2: Littoral and Swamps; Col3: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Brahmaputra Valley, Sundarban Delta,; Col4: Mangrove, roots, with soft tissues so that plants can breathe in water.”
Why relevant

Lists forest types and species in Himalayan regions including Himachal Pradesh (e.g., Himalayan Dry Temperate and Moist forests, conifers, oak, rhododendron).

How to extend

Use this to infer that Himachal's dominant tree species and temperate mountain ecology differ from the tropical/monsoonal Khasi Hills where living root bridges are found.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Table 5.5 > p. 18
Strength: 3/5
“slopes of north-eastern hill states (Fig. 5.3). Chir (pine) is the main tree but broad leaved trees are also found in these areas. Oak, jamun, and rhododendron are the other varieties in these forests. • 5. The Dry Deciduous Forests: These forests are found in areas where the average annual rainfall ranges between 100–150 cm. These forests are characterised by closed and rather uneven canopies. Enough light reaches the ground to permit the growth of grasses and climbers. Acacia, jamun, modesta, and pistacia are the main trees. Grasses and shrubs appear during the season of general rains.• 6. The Himalayan Moist Forests: These forests are found in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and northern hilly parts of North Bengal (Fig.”
Why relevant

Specifies 'The Himalayan Moist Forests' occur in Himachal Pradesh, indicating Himalayan forest categories are present there.

How to extend

Combine this with the Meghalaya example to assess whether Himalayan moist forests have the same tree species and cultural practices needed for living root bridges.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > 2. Woods of the Monsoon Forests > p. 22
Strength: 3/5
“The main trees of the monsoon forests are as under: • (i) Sal (Shorea Robusta): It occurs in the sub-Himalayan region from Kangra (Himachal Pradesh) to Darrang (Assam), Meghalaya and the northern parts of Tamil Nadu. Its wood is very heavy, hard and durable. It is much in demand for piles, doors, beams, planking and railway sleepers. Sal forests occupy 11.6 lakh hectares, accounting for about 16% of the total forest area of the country.• (ii) Teak (Tectona Grandis): Teak is the most popular tree of the monsoon climate found mainly in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, the foothills of Himalayas, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, the western and eastern Ghats, and Banswara (Rajasthan).”
Why relevant

Describes main trees of monsoon forests (sal, teak) and notes geographic ranges including foothills of the Himalayas, implying specific vegetation zones tied to climate.

How to extend

A student could use these vegetation-zone distinctions plus regional climate maps to evaluate if Himachal has the warm, humid conditions that support the tree species/techniques used for living root bridges.

Statement 3
Are the living root bridges (bridges formed by training the roots of living trees) found in Jharkhand, India?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Root bridges are also commonly formed by training young rubber fig roots over scaffolds made from wood or bamboo, materials which are abundant in Northeast India."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly places root-bridge construction activity in Northeast India, indicating their regional location.
  • Describes the common technique and materials used in that region, tying the practice to Northeast India rather than Jharkhand.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Southern Meghalaya in far northeastern India is one of the wettest places on Earth, crisscrossed by fast-flowing rivers and mountain streams. Here bridges aren’t built – they’re grown, ensuring connectivity in a remote area."
Why this source?
  • Specifies Southern Meghalaya (far northeastern India) as the location where bridges are 'grown', identifying a concrete state where living root bridges exist.
  • Describes local practice of guiding ficus roots in that northeastern region, reinforcing that the phenomenon is tied to Meghalaya.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Living Root Bridges at Cherrapunji In Megahalya"
Why this source?
  • References 'Living Root Bridges of Cherrapunji' and related sources, linking the bridges specifically to Cherrapunji/Meghalaya.
  • Multiple citations in this entry focus on Meghalaya locations, not Jharkhand.

Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 1: Geographical Diversity of India > The hills of the Northeast > p. 24
Strength: 5/5
“Mawlynnong Village, situated in the East Khasi Hills of Meghalaya, is renowned as the 'cleanest village in Asia'. This picturesque village is famous for its well-maintained cleanliness, bamboo dustbins, and eco-friendly living practices. The village is also known for its living root bridges, which are created by weaving tree roots over the course of many years. Fig. 1.42. Living root bridges showcase the craftsmanship of the tribes of the Northeast.”
Why relevant

Gives a clear example and geographic location (East Khasi Hills, Meghalaya) where living root bridges exist, showing they are a feature of the NE hill/traditional tribal context.

How to extend

A student could compare the ecology and cultural practices of Meghalaya with Jharkhand (using a map and regional cultural/forest data) to judge whether similar root-bridge traditions might occur in Jharkhand.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 13: Plant Diversity of India > t3.7.4,Root types \ > p. 205
Strength: 5/5
“• Taproot: Primary descending root formed by the direct prolongation of the radicle of the embryo. • Lateral Root: Roots that arise from the tap root and spread laterally to support the tree. • Adventitious Root: Roots produced from parts of the plant other than the radicle or its subdivision. The following kinds of Adventitious Roots are commonly found in trees. Roots - Adventitious Roots - produced from the branches of the tree which remain suspended. in the air till they reach the ground.”
Why relevant

Defines adventitious/aerial roots produced from branches that hang in the air until they reach the ground — the botanical mechanism used to form living root structures.

How to extend

A student could check whether tree species in Jharkhand produce such adventitious/aerial roots, which is a necessary botanical condition for living root bridges.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > 2. Woods of the Monsoon Forests > p. 22
Strength: 3/5
“The main trees of the monsoon forests are as under: • (i) Sal (Shorea Robusta): It occurs in the sub-Himalayan region from Kangra (Himachal Pradesh) to Darrang (Assam), Meghalaya and the northern parts of Tamil Nadu. Its wood is very heavy, hard and durable. It is much in demand for piles, doors, beams, planking and railway sleepers. Sal forests occupy 11.6 lakh hectares, accounting for about 16% of the total forest area of the country.• (ii) Teak (Tectona Grandis): Teak is the most popular tree of the monsoon climate found mainly in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, the foothills of Himalayas, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, the western and eastern Ghats, and Banswara (Rajasthan).”
Why relevant

Lists main monsoon-forest tree species and explicitly mentions Jharkhand as a region where teak and monsoon forests occur.

How to extend

A student could use species lists and maps to see whether the tree taxa present in Jharkhand include species known to form aerial roots (compare species in Meghalaya vs Jharkhand).

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > 1. Woods from the Evergreen Forests > p. 20
Strength: 3/5
“The main trees from the evergreen forests are: • (i) Rosewood: It grows well along the slopes of the Western Ghats (Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Kerala) and in some parts of Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Jharkhand, and Chhattisgarh. The wood from these forests is hard and fine-grained, dark purple in colour, widely used in the manufacture of furniture, floor boards, and ornamental plyboards.• (ii) Gurjan: It occurs in the evergreen forests of Assam, West Bengal, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The wood is dull”
Why relevant

Notes that certain evergreen forest trees (e.g., rosewood) grow in parts of Jharkhand, indicating presence of evergreen/wet-forest pockets in the state.

How to extend

A student might infer that wetter/forested pockets are needed for root-bridge techniques and then check whether Jharkhand has comparable wet forest zones to those in which living root bridges are known.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 10: Indian Forest > 10.1.3. Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests > p. 161
Strength: 2/5
“Moist deciduous forests are found throughout India except in the western and the north-western regions. The trees are tall, have broad trunks, branching trunks and roots to hold them firmly to the ground. Some of the tailer trees shed their leaves in the dry season. There is a layer of shorter trees and evergreen shrubs in the undergrowth. These forests are dominated by sal and teak, along with mango, bamboo, and rosewood.”
Why relevant

Describes moist deciduous forests (tree structure, undergrowth, species like bamboo) which are widespread in India and indicate types of forest environments.

How to extend

A student could assess whether Jharkhand’s forest type and tree/root characteristics match the habitat where living root bridges are traditionally made (i.e., humid, forested hill areas).

Statement 4
Are the living root bridges (bridges formed by training the roots of living trees) found in Tamil Nadu, India?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 4/5
"Root bridges are also commonly formed by training young rubber fig roots over scaffolds made from wood or bamboo, materials which are abundant in Northeast India."
Why this source?
  • States that root bridges are commonly formed by training young rubber fig roots in Northeast India.
  • Specifies the regional practice and materials are abundant in Northeast India, not Tamil Nadu.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Southern Meghalaya in far northeastern India ... Here bridges aren’t built – they’re grown, ensuring connectivity in a remote area."
Why this source?
  • Specifies the living root bridges are grown in Southern Meghalaya in far northeastern India.
  • Describes local tribes in that region cultivating ficus elastic roots to create the bridges.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The workshop aims to advance the recognition of the Living Root Bridges—a rare example of human-environment symbiosis—as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, ... Meghalaya’s ongoing efforts to protect"
Why this source?
  • Directly links Living Root Bridges to Meghalaya and local species (ficus elastica).
  • Discusses efforts to recognize the Living Root Bridges as part of Meghalaya’s cultural landscape and heritage.

Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 1: Geographical Diversity of India > The hills of the Northeast > p. 24
Strength: 5/5
“Mawlynnong Village, situated in the East Khasi Hills of Meghalaya, is renowned as the 'cleanest village in Asia'. This picturesque village is famous for its well-maintained cleanliness, bamboo dustbins, and eco-friendly living practices. The village is also known for its living root bridges, which are created by weaving tree roots over the course of many years. Fig. 1.42. Living root bridges showcase the craftsmanship of the tribes of the Northeast.”
Why relevant

Gives a clear concrete example that living root bridges exist in India (East Khasi Hills, Meghalaya).

How to extend

A student could use this example to note that living root bridges occur where local communities cultivate root architecture and then look for similar communities/ecosystems elsewhere (e.g., Tamil Nadu).

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 13: Plant Diversity of India > t3.7.4,Root types \ > p. 205
Strength: 5/5
“• Taproot: Primary descending root formed by the direct prolongation of the radicle of the embryo. • Lateral Root: Roots that arise from the tap root and spread laterally to support the tree. • Adventitious Root: Roots produced from parts of the plant other than the radicle or its subdivision. The following kinds of Adventitious Roots are commonly found in trees. Roots - Adventitious Roots - produced from the branches of the tree which remain suspended. in the air till they reach the ground.”
Why relevant

Defines adventitious roots and notes roots can grow from branches and be suspended until they reach the ground — a biological trait used in living root bridges.

How to extend

A student could infer that regions with tree species that produce adventitious roots are biologically suitable for forming living root bridges and check if such species occur in Tamil Nadu.

INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation > Montane Forests > p. 45
Strength: 4/5
“At higher altitudes, mosses and lichens form part of the tundra vegetation. The southern mountain forests include the forests found in three distinct areas of Peninsular India viz; the Western Ghats, the Vindhyas and the Nilgiris. As they are closer to the tropics, and only 1,500 m above the sea level, vegetation is temperate in the higher regions, and subtropical on the lower regions of the Western Ghats, especially in Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. The temperate forests are called Sholas in the Nilgiris, Anaimalai and Palani hills. Some of the other trees of this forest of economic significance include, magnolia, laurel, cinchona and wattle.”
Why relevant

Describes southern mountain forests (Western Ghats, Nilgiris) in Tamil Nadu with subtropical/temperate vegetation, implying presence of mature tree cover and humid conditions.

How to extend

A student could combine this with the need for a wet, forested environment for root bridge construction to assess whether parts of Tamil Nadu could support them.

CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife > Mangrove Forests > p. 43
Strength: 3/5
“mangroves are the common varieties with roots of the plants submerged under water. The deltas of the Ganga, the Mahanadi, the Krishna, the Godavari and the Kaveri are covered by such vegetation. In the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta, sundari trees are found, which provide durable hard timber. Palm, coconut, keora, agar, etc., also grow in some parts of the delta. Royal Bengal Tiger is the famous animal in these forests. Turtles, crocodiles, gharials and snakes are also found in these forests. Let us discuss : What will happen if plants and animals disappear from the earth's surface? Can the human beings survive under such a situation?”
Why relevant

Notes mangrove species and prominent rooted vegetation in deltas including the Kaveri, indicating specialized root systems occur in parts of southern India.

How to extend

A student could use this to argue that southern India harbors varied root-forming species and then check if such root-adapted species or cultural practices exist in Tamil Nadu inland/forest areas.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 10: Indian Forest > ro.r.7. Tropical Dry evergreen forest > p. 163
Strength: 2/5
“Dry evergreens are found along Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka coast. It is mainly hard-leaved evergreen trees with fragrant flowers, along with a few deciduous trees.”
Why relevant

States that dry evergreen forests occur along the Tamil Nadu coast, indicating distinct forest types present in the state.

How to extend

A student could contrast coastal dry evergreen habitat with the humid montane areas needed for living root bridges to identify likely versus unlikely zones within Tamil Nadu.

Pattern takeaway: UPSC is shifting from 'Monument Architecture' (Temples/Forts) to 'Living Heritage' (Bio-engineering/Agro-practices). Focus on tribal adaptations that solve ecological problems.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. Directly covered in NCERT Class VII (Social Science) and standard GK books under Northeast Geography.
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Vernacular Eco-technologies & Human-Environment Adaptation in specific physiographic zones.
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize these regional eco-practices: 1) Bamboo Drip Irrigation (Meghalaya), 2) Apatani Paddy-Fish Culture (Arunachal), 3) Zabo System (Nagaland), 4) Kuhl (Himachal - irrigation), 5) Surangam (Kerala - water harvesting), 6) Phumdis (Manipur - floating biomass).
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Do not just memorize 'State Capitals'. When studying a region (especially the Northeast), ask: 'What is the unique survival technology here?' If the region is the wettest on earth (Meghalaya), the unique tech will likely be about managing water/crossing floods.
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Living root bridges as indigenous bio‑engineering
💡 The insight

The reference directly identifies living root bridges in Meghalaya and describes their formation by training tree roots over years.

High-yield for geography/culture questions: shows how traditional ecological knowledge creates durable infrastructure; links environment with human adaptation. Useful for questions on sustainable/local engineering, cultural landscapes, and human-environment interaction. Prepare by studying examples of vernacular adaptations and their ecological basis.

📚 Reading List :
  • Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 1: Geographical Diversity of India > The hills of the Northeast > p. 24
🔗 Anchor: "Are the living root bridges (bridges formed by training the roots of living tree..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Northeast India — regional ecology and cultural craftsmanship
💡 The insight

The evidence ties the living root bridges to the East Khasi Hills and highlights tribal craftsmanship in the Northeast.

Important for GS papers and geography: helps answer questions on regional distinctiveness, ethnic practices, and ecological adaptations. Connects to topics on regional planning, biodiversity, and cultural tourism. Study region-wise cultural-environment linkages and representative examples (like Mawlynnong).

📚 Reading List :
  • Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 1: Geographical Diversity of India > The hills of the Northeast > p. 24
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > 2. Woods of the Monsoon Forests > p. 22
🔗 Anchor: "Are the living root bridges (bridges formed by training the roots of living tree..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Village-level sustainable practices and eco-tourism (Mawlynnong example)
💡 The insight

Mawlynnong is presented as an eco-friendly, well‑maintained village known for living root bridges, linking sustainability and local tourism.

Useful for questions on rural development, eco-tourism, and sustainability models. Illustrates how conservation, cultural heritage, and tourism interrelate. Revise case studies of model villages and their practices to answer policy and development questions.

📚 Reading List :
  • Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 1: Geographical Diversity of India > The hills of the Northeast > p. 24
🔗 Anchor: "Are the living root bridges (bridges formed by training the roots of living tree..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Living root bridges — regional occurrence (Meghalaya / Northeast)
💡 The insight

Reference [5] explicitly links living root bridges to Mawlynnong in the East Khasi Hills of Meghalaya, showing they are a feature of the Northeast region rather than Himachal Pradesh in the provided evidence.

High-yield for cultural and physical geography: questions often ask about region-specific traditional ecological practices and unique landscape features. Connects to topics on human-environment interaction and tourism geography. Prepare by mapping unique cultural-environmental features to states/regions and using source-based recall.

📚 Reading List :
  • Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 1: Geographical Diversity of India > The hills of the Northeast > p. 24
🔗 Anchor: "Are the living root bridges (bridges formed by training the roots of living tree..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Forest types and tree species in the Himalayan region (including Himachal Pradesh)
💡 The insight

References [1] and [4] describe Himalayan moist and dry temperate forests and list tree species and locations including parts of Himachal Pradesh.

Crucial for questions on ecological zones, biodiversity and state-wise distribution of forests. Helps answer location-based questions (e.g., which trees/forest types occur in Himachal). Study by tabulating forest types, typical species, and state-level occurrence; link to climate and altitudinal gradients.

📚 Reading List :
  • Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > social relevance of forests > p. 22
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Table 5.5 > p. 18
🔗 Anchor: "Are the living root bridges (bridges formed by training the roots of living tree..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Distribution of monsoon forest tree species (e.g., Sal) and foothill occurrences
💡 The insight

Reference [2] notes Sal occurs in the sub-Himalayan region from Kangra (Himachal Pradesh) to Assam, indicating how certain monsoon-forest species extend into Himalayan foothills.

Useful for questions on species-range, forest exploitation and resource use; connects physical geography with economic forestry topics. Learn by memorising key species and their regional extents and practising map-based questions.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > 2. Woods of the Monsoon Forests > p. 22
🔗 Anchor: "Are the living root bridges (bridges formed by training the roots of living tree..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 Living root bridges — regional occurrence (Meghalaya / Northeast)
💡 The insight

Reference [2] explicitly locates living root bridges in Mawlynnong, East Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, which is directly relevant when assessing claims about their occurrence elsewhere (e.g., Jharkhand).

High-yield for UPSC: cultural/ethnobotanical features and region-specific heritage (Northeast) are often asked in geography/culture sections. Mastering specific examples (Mawlynnong, Meghalaya) helps quickly validate or refute location-based statements. Prepare by memorizing notable regional examples and their states from NCERT and standard texts.

📚 Reading List :
  • Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 1: Geographical Diversity of India > The hills of the Northeast > p. 24
🔗 Anchor: "Are the living root bridges (bridges formed by training the roots of living tree..."
🌑 The Hidden Trap

The specific tree species used is 'Ficus elastica' (Indian Rubber Tree). A likely future question is on the 'Apatani Cultural Landscape' (Arunachal) or the 'Zabo' system (Nagaland), which are often discussed in the same conservation contexts.

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

Apply 'Botanical Common Sense'. Training roots into bridges requires trees with strong 'aerial roots' that grow rapidly in high humidity. Himachal (Conifers/Pines) and Jharkhand (Deciduous Sal/Teak) lack these aerial root systems. Tamil Nadu has Banyans, but the 'stream-crossing' necessity is most acute in the steep, flood-prone hills of the Northeast.

🔗 Mains Connection

Use this in Mains GS-3 (Disaster Management & Environment): Cite Living Root Bridges as a prime example of 'Nature-based Solutions (NbS)' and 'Climate Resilient Infrastructure' that outperforms concrete in high-rainfall zones.

✓ Thank you! We'll review this.

SIMILAR QUESTIONS

NDA-I · 2022 · Q87 Relevance score: -1.29

A person had visited a region in India and found trees, such as Khair, Neem, Khejri and Palas. Which one of the following regions is she/he expected to have visited?

IAS · 2002 · Q17 Relevance score: -2.41

Open stunted forests with bushes and small trees having long roots and sharp thorns or spines are commonly found in

CDS-II · 2017 · Q114 Relevance score: -2.61

The Setu Bharatam Programme of the Government of India is a programme for

IAS · 2002 · Q34 Relevance score: -3.47

A train of length 150 metres, moving at a speed of 90 km/hr can cross a 200 metre bridge in

CAPF · 2008 · Q109 Relevance score: -4.34

Where is the old and over 2 km-long ‘Pamban Railway Bridge’ which attracts tourists from all over the country ?