Who of the following founded a new city on the south bank of a tributary to river Krishna and undertook to rule his new kingdom as the agent of a deity to whom all the land south of the river Krishna was supposed to belong?

Mentions Amoghavarsha as a Rashtrakuta ruler and patron of learning, illustrating that regional kings of the period acted as patrons and sometimes founders of institutions or urban foundations.

A student could combine this with examples of contemporary rulers who founded towns to assess whether Amoghavarsha might plausibly have founded a city.

States that the Vijayanagar capital stood on the south bank of the Tungabhadra (a Krishna tributary) and gives an example of a king (Krishnadeva Raya) founding a town (Nagalapura).

Using a map to locate the Tungabhadra as a Krishna tributary and the pattern of royal town-founding on south-bank sites, a student could judge the geographic plausibility of the statement.

Lists important tributaries of the Krishna (e.g., Tungabhadra, Bhima) and describes the river's course and basin — supplying geographic context about where a new city on a tributary's bank might be located.

A student could use this to identify which tributaries and their south banks are potential locations and then check historical records for Amoghavarsha's activity in those areas.

Also names the Krishna's major tributaries (Koyna, Tungabhadra, Bhima) and specifies the basin across Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, giving regional limits for plausible city-foundings.

Combine this with knowledge of Rashtrakuta territorial control to see if Amoghavarsha's realm overlapped these river-bank zones where he could have founded a city.

Describes the importance of the Krishna-Tungabhadra doab region as a locus of major cities/empires (Vijayanagara) showing the recurring pattern of major urban centres on/near Krishna tributaries.

A student could use this pattern to hypothesize that other rulers (including earlier ones) might have founded cities in similar riverine locations and then seek specific evidence about Amoghavarsha.

Notes that Vasudeva-Krishna was an important deity whose worship spread across regions — shows a pattern where a deity (Krishna) had widespread cultic importance.

A student could check if rulers in the Deccan invoked Vasudeva-Krishna as sovereign authority and whether such claims were phrased as sovereignty over lands south of the Krishna.

Maps and territorial descriptions repeatedly use rivers (Pennar, Vellar, Kaveri) as political boundaries — indicating rivers like the Krishna commonly served as landmark boundaries in political claims.

Combine this with a map to see whether 'south of the Krishna' was a natural political region rulers might claim on behalf of a deity.

Discussion of the Raichur doab (land between Krishna and Tungabhadra) highlights that specific river-bounded tracts were contested and central to claims of sovereignty.

Use this rule (doabs as contested sovereign spaces) to assess whether a ruler would plausibly assert divine agency over territory defined by the Krishna.

Provides facts about Amoghavarsha (Rashtrakuta context, campaigns in south) so we know his political reach and that he was an active southern campaigner — relevant to whether he might adopt a religiously framed claim over southern lands.

A student could compare Amoghavarsha’s known conquests with areas 'south of the Krishna' on a map to see if claiming divine agency over those lands would fit his territorial control.

Records a defeat of Amoghavarsha by Devapala, indicating inter-regional rivalry; such rivalries sometimes motivated rulers to use religious legitimation.

Combine this with patterns of royal legitimation to investigate whether Amoghavarsha might have invoked a deity’s universal claim south of the Krishna to justify rule against rivals.

States that Tungabhadra is an important tributary of the Krishna, establishing that cities on the Tungabhadra are on a tributary of the Krishna.

A student could use a map to confirm the Tungabhadra’s course and locate any medieval city sites on its banks to test the statement.

Explicitly names the Tungabhadra as a right‑hand tributary of the Krishna and gives modern place names (Mallapuram, Bellary district) useful for mapping.

Combine this with historical maps/records to see which medieval foundations lie in the Bellary/Hospet region on the Tungabhadra’s south bank.

States that the capital Vijayanagar stood on the south bank of the Tungabhadra, providing a direct example of a major medieval city founded on the south bank of a Krishna tributary.

By analogy, a student could check lists of regional rulers (e.g., Hoysalas) and their foundations in the same riverine zone to see if Ballala II founded a comparable city there.

Notes Vijayanagara as a medieval imperial city remembered in the Krishna‑Tungabhadra doab, tying major political centres to this tributary and region.

A student could use this regional focus (Krishna‑Tungabhadra doab) plus chronological data about Ballala II to check whether he founded a new city in that doab.

Reaffirms that Tungabhadra is among the Krishna’s tributaries and locates the Krishna basin across Karnataka (where Ballala II ruled), linking geography to the Hoysala political zone.

Use this to narrow the search to Karnataka parts of the Tungabhadra/Krishna basin and compare with Ballala II’s known territorial base to test plausibility.

Reports that Harihara and Bukka were influenced by a prominent Saiva saint (Vidyaranya) indicate use of religious figures and sanction in founding the kingdom.

A student could check whether inscriptions or later chronicles record Harihara adopting explicit theocratic titles or claiming to rule on behalf of a deity.

Accounts that the brothers rejected Delhi's authority and founded a southern power suggest they sought local sources of legitimacy (often religious) when establishing independence.

Combine this with mapping of contemporary religious cults to see which deity cults were prominent in the region Harihara claimed.

The snippet notes the spread and regional importance of a deity (Vasudeva-Krishna), illustrating how deities could acquire broad territorial followings.

Use basic knowledge that Krishna cults claimed regional prominence to investigate whether any inscriptions present a deity (e.g., Krishna) as claiming sovereignty over lands south of the Krishna river.

Reference to territorial gains and specific river-bounded regions (Tungabhadra–Krishna, Raichur doab) shows rivers functioned as important political/territorial markers.

A student could check whether claims of divine sovereignty were framed using such river boundaries (e.g., 'south of the Krishna') in inscriptions or royal ideology.

The long-running rivalry over the Raichur doab (between Krishna and Tungabhadra) highlights contested frontier south of the Krishna—areas where invoking divine sovereignty might be politically useful.

Combine this with knowledge of the strategic value of the region to assess why a ruler might claim to act as a deity's agent for lands south of the Krishna.

Gives a clear example: Vijayanagar (capital) 'stood on the south bank of river Tungabhadra' and was associated with royal founding and urban building.

A student could note that rulers did found important cities on south banks of tributaries (Tungabhadra) and check whether Prataparudra II fits that pattern by locating his activity relative to such tributaries.

States that the Tungabhadra is a right-hand tributary of the Krishna and describes major constructions (dam, canals) on it, confirming its importance as a tributary.

Use this to connect any claimed city-on-Tungabhadra to the Krishna system and then check maps or inscriptions for Prataparudra II’s works on that tributary.

Describes the Krishna river system and names the Tungabhadra as an important tributary, providing geographical context for rivers and their tributaries.

Combine this with the known location of a claimed city to see if it lies on a tributary of the Krishna and thus matches the pattern.

Provides an example of a ruler (Hussain Shah Wali) building significant urban waterworks across a tributary of a larger river (Musi), showing a recurring pattern of rulers founding or enhancing urban sites on tributaries.

A student could treat this as precedent that founders often chose tributary banks for cities and then seek specific evidence tying Prataparudra II to such a foundation.

Notes the Vijayanagara empire’s geographic relation to the Krishna and local memory/place-names, indicating that river-tributary geography is central to locating medieval capitals and settlements.

Use this to argue that medieval polity capitals are often described in relation to Krishna/tributary geography and then test whether sources describe Prataparudra II’s city similarly.

Identifies Vasudeva-Krishna as an important deity whose worship spread beyond a regional centre, suggesting deities could have broad territorial cults.

A student could check whether inscriptions or royal grants associate Prataparudra II with Vasudeva-Krishna and whether the deity's cult was claimed to legitimise rule over lands south of the Krishna.

Refers to the Raichur doab and expansion between the Tungabhadra and Krishna rivers, showing the Krishna River as a recognised political/geographic boundary in territorial claims.

Use a map to locate territories 'south of the Krishna' and see if Prataparudra II's kingdom lay there or if sources describe claims over that area.

Describes prolonged rivalry and contestation over the fertile area between Krishna and Tungabhadra, implying rulers often framed authority in relation to river-bounded regions.

Combine this with knowledge of Prataparudra II's conquests to assess whether his rule concerned lands south of the Krishna and whether he might invoke divine sanction for such claims.

Notes Pulikesin II adopting the title 'Parameswara' after victory, showing a pattern of rulers using divine-associated titles to legitimise sovereignty.

Investigate whether Prataparudra II used a similar formula—acting as agent of a deity—in inscriptions or titulature to justify rule over specific regions.

Provides an example of a ruler (Prabhāvatī) who patronised temples and identified as a devotee of Viṣṇu, illustrating how royal authority and devotion to a deity could be linked.

A student could look for evidence that Prataparudra II sponsored temples or invoked a Vishnu/Krishna cult to present himself as the deity's agent over southern lands.