Which of the following are the key features of 'National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA)'? 1. River basin is the unit of planning and management. 2. It spearheads the river conservation efforts at the national level. 3. One of the Chief Ministers of the States through which the Ganga flows becomes the Chairman of NGRBA on rotation basis. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Both references explicitly state NGRBA adopts a 'river basin approach' for comprehensive planning and management of the Ganga.

High-yield for UPSC: central to questions on river governance and integrated water resources management. Connects to policy design (NGRBA, NRCP, GAP), inter-state coordination, and environmental planning. Prepare by linking statutory bodies to their stated management units and principles.

Evidence describes NGRBA as a planning, financing, monitoring and coordinating body with regulatory and developmental functions.

Useful for governance and polity/environment UPSC questions about institutional roles. Helps answer questions on authority, funding, and multi-level coordination; study by mapping functions to instruments (planning, financing, monitoring) and examples of basin-level action.

References describe the Ganga as the largest/major river basin and note its cross-border extent, explaining why basin-level planning is relevant.

Helps justify policy choices (basin approach) in essays and prelims/CSAT geography questions; links physical geography (basin size, transboundary rivers) with policy responses. Revise basin definitions, major basins, and implications for interstate/international cooperation.

The references define NGRBA's legal basis, functions (planning/financing/monitoring/coordinating) and national-level chairmanship, directly addressing whether it leads conservation.

High-yield for UPSC environment/governance questions: tests knowledge of institutional mechanisms for river conservation, centre–state coordination and statutory authorities. Learn the legal basis, stated functions and chairmanship to answer policy/administration questions and link to other environment governance topics.

Both references emphasise adopting a river-basin approach as NGRBA's planning and management principle for Ganga conservation.

Frequently tested concept in environment/IR questions about integrated water resource management and program design. Understand what a basin approach implies (integrated planning across political boundaries, pollution abatement, infrastructure coordination) to tackle analytical questions and case studies.

References mention NGRBA's establishment and also later national programmes/societies (NMCG, Namami Gange), highlighting institutional evolution in Ganga conservation.

Useful for timeline and policy-evolution questions in UPSC: distinguishes earlier authorities and later flagship missions, enabling answers on reforms, continuity and changing governance instruments. Prepare by mapping key dates, agencies and mandate shifts.

Reference [2] directly states who chairs the NGRBA, which is central to the claim about CMs chairing it on rotation.

Understanding the statutory leadership of key river-management bodies (who chairs them) is high-yield for governance questions; distinguishes central-led bodies from state-led or rotational arrangements. Learn by memorising mandates and chairmanships of major environment/infrastructure authorities and comparing with similar bodies.