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Q39 (IAS/2016) History & Culture › Ancient India › Ashokan edicts and Dhamma Official Key

Who of the following had first deciphered the edicts of Emperor Ashoka?

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: B
Explanation

James Prinsep, a British archeologist and historian, decoded the edicts of Emperor Ashoka in 1837.[1] It was only after decades of painstaking investigations by several epigraphists that James Prinsep was able to decipher Asokan Brahmi in 1838.[2] The reconstruction of the Mauryan period to a great extent became possible only after the Brahmi script of the inscriptions at Sanchi was deciphered by James Prinsep in 1837.[3]

Prinsep's achievement was remarkable because the Brahmi script used in Ashoka's inscriptions had been unknown for centuries. His decipherment opened up a wealth of historical information about the Mauryan Empire and Emperor Ashoka's reign, including his dhamma policy and administrative practices. The other scholars mentioned—Georg Bühler, Max Müller, and William Jones—made important contributions to Indology, but none was the first to decipher Ashoka's edicts. This breakthrough in 1837-38 marked a turning point in understanding ancient Indian history.

Sources
  1. [2] THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART I, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: Kings, Farmers and Towns > 7.1 Deciphering Brahmi > p. 46
  2. [3] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > Sources > p. 47
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Q. Who of the following had first deciphered the edicts of Emperor Ashoka? [A] Georg Bühler [B] James Prinsep [C] Max Müller [D] William…
At a glance
Origin: Books + Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 2.5/10 · 7.5/10

This is a 'Sitter' category question derived directly from the first chapter of standard Ancient History textbooks (NCERT/TN Board). It tests the foundational milestone of Indian historiography. Missing this indicates a gap in reading the 'Introduction' or 'Sources' chapters of your history books.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Was Georg Bühler the first scholar to decipher the edicts of Emperor Ashoka?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"In 1837, British archeologist and historian James Prinsep decoded the edicts of emperor Ashoka."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly names James Prinsep as the person who decoded Ashoka's edicts in 1837.
  • By attributing the decoding to Prinsep, it refutes the claim that Georg Bühler was the first.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"James Prinsep... was the first to decipher edicts of Ashoka. He deciphered Brahmi script in 1838."
Why this source?
  • States James Prinsep 'was the first to decipher edicts of Ashoka.'
  • Specifies Prinsep deciphered the Brahmi script (year given as 1838), directly contradicting Georg Bühler being first.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"The correct answer is Option (b): James Prinsep deciphered the edicts of Ashoka in 1837."
Why this source?
  • Identifies James Prinsep as the decipherer of Ashoka's edicts (1837) in a study/quiz context.
  • Reinforces the consensus that Prinsep — not Georg Bühler — was the first to decode the inscriptions.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > Sources > p. 47
Strength: 5/5
“The most widely known are the edicts of Ashoka, which have been discovered in many parts of the country. In fact, the reconstruction of the Mauryan period to a great extent became possible only after the Brahmi script of the inscriptions at Sanchi was deciphered by James Prinsep in 1837. Let us now turn to two later sources. The first is the rock inscription of Junagadh, near Girnar in Gujarat. This was carved during the reign of Rudradaman, the local ruler and dates back to 130-150 CE. It refers to Pushyagupta, the provincial governor (rashtriya) of Emperor Chandragupta.”
Why relevant

Says reconstruction of the Mauryan period became possible only after the Brahmi script of the inscriptions at Sanchi was deciphered by James Prinsep in 1837.

How to extend

A student could check the chronological order of decipherment efforts (Prinsep 1837 vs Bühler) to see who worked first.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > I. Choose the Correct Answer > p. 61
Strength: 5/5
“• 1. Brahmi script in Ashoka's pillar inscription was deciphered by __ • (a) Thomas Saunders• (b) James Prinsep• (c) Sir John Marshal• (d) William Jones• 2. The first known ruler of Magadha was of the Haryanka dynasty. • (a) Bimbisara (b) Ajatashatru• (c) Ashoka (d) Mahapadma Nanda • 3. A comprehensive historical chronicle in Pali from Sri Lanka serving as an important source for the Mauryan Period is ______. • (a) Mahavamsa (b) Deepavamsa • (c) Brahmanas (d) Mudrarakshasa • by Visakadatha describes 4. The play Chandragupta and his accession to the throne of the Magadha Empire. • (a) Mudrarakshasa (b) Rajatharangini • (c) Arthasastra (d) Indica • 5.”
Why relevant

A quiz-style snippet explicitly credits James Prinsep with deciphering the Brahmi script in Ashoka's pillar inscriptions.

How to extend

Use this attribution as a lead to compare Prinsep's published work and dates with any publications by Georg Bühler.

Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: The Rise of Empires > THINK ABOUT IT > p. 105
Strength: 4/5
“Historians have sometimes called Aśhoka a 'great communicator' since he issued in many parts of his empire edicts engraved on rocks or pillars that contained his messages for the people and encouraged them to follow dharma. Most of these edicts were inscribed in Prakrit, which was the popular language in many parts of India and written in the Brahmi script (Brahmi is the mother of all regional scripts of India). We have referred to the Prakrit language written in Brahmi script. What does this mean? Very simply, a language is what we speak, while script is what we write a language in.”
Why relevant

Notes that most of Ashoka's edicts were inscribed in Prakrit and written in the Brahmi script, implying that deciphering Brahmi was the key step to reading the edicts.

How to extend

Knowing decipherment of Brahmi is pivotal, a student can investigate who first deciphered Brahmi and thus first made the edicts readable.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > Edicts of Ashoka > p. 52
Strength: 3/5
“The edicts of Ashoka thus constitute the most concrete source of information about the Mauryan Empire. There are 33 edicts comprising 14 Major Rock Edicts, 2 known The Kalinga edicts, 7 Pillar Edicts, some Minor Rock Edits and a few Minor Pillar Inscriptions. The Major Rock Edicts extend from Kandahar in Afghanistan, Shahbazgarhi and Mansehra in north-west Pakistan to Uttarakhand district in the north, Gujarat and Maharashtra in the west, Odisha in the east and as far south as Karnataka and Kurnool district in Andhra Pradesh, Minor Pillar Inscriptions have been found as far north as Nepal (near Lumbini). The geographical spread of the edicts essentially defines the extent of the vast empire over which Ashoka ruled.”
Why relevant

Describes the geographic spread and forms (rock/pillar) of Ashokan edicts, indicating multiple inscriptions existed requiring script-decipherment for decoding.

How to extend

A student could correlate the locations and publication times of early transcriptions/decipherments to identify who first presented readable texts (Prinsep or Bühler).

Statement 2
Was James Prinsep the first scholar to decipher the edicts of Emperor Ashoka?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > Sources > p. 47
Presence: 5/5
“The most widely known are the edicts of Ashoka, which have been discovered in many parts of the country. In fact, the reconstruction of the Mauryan period to a great extent became possible only after the Brahmi script of the inscriptions at Sanchi was deciphered by James Prinsep in 1837. Let us now turn to two later sources. The first is the rock inscription of Junagadh, near Girnar in Gujarat. This was carved during the reign of Rudradaman, the local ruler and dates back to 130-150 CE. It refers to Pushyagupta, the provincial governor (rashtriya) of Emperor Chandragupta.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states the Brahmi script of the inscriptions at Sanchi was deciphered by James Prinsep (year given: 1837).
  • Links Prinsep's decipherment directly to reconstruction of the Mauryan period, implying precedence and decisive impact.
THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART I, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: Kings, Farmers and Towns > 7.1 Deciphering Brahmi > p. 46
Presence: 5/5
“Most scripts used to write modern Indian languages are derived from Brahmi, the script used in most Asokan inscriptions. From the late eighteenth century, European scholars aided by Indian pandits worked backwards from contemporary Bengali and Devanagari (the script used to write Hindi) manuscripts, comparing their letters with older specimens. Scholars who studied early inscriptions sometimes assumed these were in Sanskrit, although the earliest inscriptions were, in fact, in Prakrit. It was only after decades of painstaking investigations by several epigraphists that James Prinsep was able to decipher Asokan Brahmi in 1838.”
Why this source?
  • States that after decades of investigations James Prinsep was able to decipher Asokan Brahmi in 1838.
  • Specifies that most Asokan inscriptions used Brahmi, tying Prinsep's work directly to the edicts of Ashoka.
THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART I, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: Kings, Farmers and Towns > Major Political and Economic Developments > p. 51
Presence: 5/5
“Eighteenth century 1784 | Founding of the Asiatic Society (Bengal) Nineteenth century • 1810s | Colin Mackenzie collects over 8,000 inscriptions in Sanskrit and Dravidian languages • 1838 | Decipherment of Asokan Brahmi by James Prinsep • 1877 | Alexander Cunningham publishes a set of Asokan inscriptions • 1886 | First issue of Epigraphia Carnatica, a journal of south Indian inscriptions • 1888 | First issue of Epigraphia Indica Twentieth century • 1965-66 | D.C. Sircar publishes Indian Epigraphy and Indian Epigraphical Glossary”
Why this source?
  • Places '1838 — Decipherment of Asokan Brahmi by James Prinsep' in a chronological summary of epigraphic milestones.
  • Chronology supports the claim that Prinsep was the key/earliest figure credited in these sources with deciphering Asokan script.
Statement 3
Was Max Müller the first scholar to decipher the edicts of Emperor Ashoka?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"In 1837, British archeologist and historian James Prinsep decoded the edicts of emperor Ashoka."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly names James Prinsep as the person who decoded Ashoka's edicts in 1837.
  • Directly attributes the decipherment to Prinsep, which contradicts the claim that Max Müller was the first.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"James Prinsep ... was the first to decipher edicts of Ashoka. He deciphered Brahmi script in 1838."
Why this source?
  • States James Prinsep was the first to decipher Ashoka's edicts and gives the year (1838) for deciphering Brahmi.
  • Provides a clear answer identifying Prinsep (not Max Müller) as the first decipherer.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The correct answer is Option (b): James Prinsep deciphered the edicts of Ashoka in 1837."
Why this source?
  • Explicit quiz answer: 'The correct answer is Option (b): James Prinsep deciphered the edicts of Ashoka in 1837.'
  • Again attributes the decipherment to Prinsep, refuting the idea that Max Müller was first.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > Sources > p. 47
Strength: 5/5
“The most widely known are the edicts of Ashoka, which have been discovered in many parts of the country. In fact, the reconstruction of the Mauryan period to a great extent became possible only after the Brahmi script of the inscriptions at Sanchi was deciphered by James Prinsep in 1837. Let us now turn to two later sources. The first is the rock inscription of Junagadh, near Girnar in Gujarat. This was carved during the reign of Rudradaman, the local ruler and dates back to 130-150 CE. It refers to Pushyagupta, the provincial governor (rashtriya) of Emperor Chandragupta.”
Why relevant

States that reconstruction of the Mauryan period became possible only after the Brahmi script of the Sanchi inscriptions was deciphered by James Prinsep in 1837.

How to extend

A student could take this named-date attribution (Prinsep, 1837) and compare it with Max Müller's life and publications to check who published decipherment earlier.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > I. Choose the Correct Answer > p. 61
Strength: 4/5
“• 1. Brahmi script in Ashoka's pillar inscription was deciphered by __ • (a) Thomas Saunders• (b) James Prinsep• (c) Sir John Marshal• (d) William Jones• 2. The first known ruler of Magadha was of the Haryanka dynasty. • (a) Bimbisara (b) Ajatashatru• (c) Ashoka (d) Mahapadma Nanda • 3. A comprehensive historical chronicle in Pali from Sri Lanka serving as an important source for the Mauryan Period is ______. • (a) Mahavamsa (b) Deepavamsa • (c) Brahmanas (d) Mudrarakshasa • by Visakadatha describes 4. The play Chandragupta and his accession to the throne of the Magadha Empire. • (a) Mudrarakshasa (b) Rajatharangini • (c) Arthasastra (d) Indica • 5.”
Why relevant

A multiple-choice question explicitly lists James Prinsep as the person who deciphered the Brahmi script in Ashoka's pillar inscriptions.

How to extend

Use this as evidence of standard school/historiographical attribution and cross-check biographical timelines of Prinsep vs. Max Müller to assess the claim.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > Edicts of Ashoka > p. 52
Strength: 3/5
“The edicts of Ashoka thus constitute the most concrete source of information about the Mauryan Empire. There are 33 edicts comprising 14 Major Rock Edicts, 2 known The Kalinga edicts, 7 Pillar Edicts, some Minor Rock Edits and a few Minor Pillar Inscriptions. The Major Rock Edicts extend from Kandahar in Afghanistan, Shahbazgarhi and Mansehra in north-west Pakistan to Uttarakhand district in the north, Gujarat and Maharashtra in the west, Odisha in the east and as far south as Karnataka and Kurnool district in Andhra Pradesh, Minor Pillar Inscriptions have been found as far north as Nepal (near Lumbini). The geographical spread of the edicts essentially defines the extent of the vast empire over which Ashoka ruled.”
Why relevant

Describes the wide geographical spread and importance of Ashoka's edicts, implying that decipherment of Brahmi was a key scholarly milestone enabling their study.

How to extend

Knowing decipherment is central, a student could search for who first achieved Brahmi decipherment (Prinsep) and whether anyone else (e.g., Max Müller) made an earlier claim.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > Activity > p. 62
Strength: 2/5
“D.N. Jha, Ancient India in Historical Outline, Manohar, New Delhi, 2010. • 5. Dhammika, Ven. S., The Edicts of King Ashoka - an English Rendering. 1993/94. • 6. John Keay, India: A History. 2000. • 7. K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, (ed.) The Age of the Nandas and Mauryas (reprint), 1996. • 8. Romila Thapar, Ashoka and the Decline of the Mauryas (rev. ed”
Why relevant

Lists modern editions/translations of the edicts (e.g., Dhammika) but does not mention Max Müller, suggesting later translators are distinct from the original deciphers noted in other snippets.

How to extend

A student could use the absence of Müller in such lists plus the named decipherer (Prinsep) to probe primary 19th-century publications for who first published readable translations.

Statement 4
Was William Jones the first scholar to decipher the edicts of Emperor Ashoka?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"**Correct Answer:** B **Solution :** Exp. [b] James Prinsep ... was the first to decipher edicts of Ashoka. He deciphered Brahmi script in 1838."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly names James Prinsep as the first to decipher Ashoka's edicts, directly contradicting the claim about William Jones.
  • Gives a date and script (deciphered Brahmi in 1838), establishing Prinsep's priority.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"In 1837, British archeologist and historian James Prinsep decoded the edicts of emperor Ashoka."
Why this source?
  • States a specific year and credits James Prinsep with decoding Ashoka's edicts, again refuting William Jones as first.
  • Reinforces the consensus that Prinsep performed the initial decipherment (1837).
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The correct answer is Option (b): James Prinsep deciphered the edicts of Ashoka in 1837."
Why this source?
  • Reiterates that James Prinsep deciphered the edicts (gives 1837), supporting that he, not William Jones, was first.
  • Matches other sources' identification of Prinsep as the initial decipherer of Ashokan inscriptions.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > I. Choose the Correct Answer > p. 61
Strength: 3/5
“• 1. Brahmi script in Ashoka's pillar inscription was deciphered by __ • (a) Thomas Saunders• (b) James Prinsep• (c) Sir John Marshal• (d) William Jones• 2. The first known ruler of Magadha was of the Haryanka dynasty. • (a) Bimbisara (b) Ajatashatru• (c) Ashoka (d) Mahapadma Nanda • 3. A comprehensive historical chronicle in Pali from Sri Lanka serving as an important source for the Mauryan Period is ______. • (a) Mahavamsa (b) Deepavamsa • (c) Brahmanas (d) Mudrarakshasa • by Visakadatha describes 4. The play Chandragupta and his accession to the throne of the Magadha Empire. • (a) Mudrarakshasa (b) Rajatharangini • (c) Arthasastra (d) Indica • 5.”
Why relevant

The multiple-choice item lists 'Brahmi script in Ashoka's pillar inscription was deciphered by __' with options including James Prinsep and William Jones, implying these names are commonly discussed in connection with decipherment.

How to extend

A student could use this to focus research on Prinsep and Jones as primary candidates and then check independent biographical dates/works to see who actually deciphered Brahmi.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > Sources > p. 47
Strength: 5/5
“The most widely known are the edicts of Ashoka, which have been discovered in many parts of the country. In fact, the reconstruction of the Mauryan period to a great extent became possible only after the Brahmi script of the inscriptions at Sanchi was deciphered by James Prinsep in 1837. Let us now turn to two later sources. The first is the rock inscription of Junagadh, near Girnar in Gujarat. This was carved during the reign of Rudradaman, the local ruler and dates back to 130-150 CE. It refers to Pushyagupta, the provincial governor (rashtriya) of Emperor Chandragupta.”
Why relevant

This snippet directly states that the Brahmi script of the inscriptions at Sanchi was deciphered by James Prinsep in 1837.

How to extend

A student can compare this specific attribution and date with William Jones's known lifetime/publications (basic historical dates) to judge whether Jones could have been the first decipherer.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > Edicts of Ashoka > p. 52
Strength: 3/5
“The edicts of Ashoka thus constitute the most concrete source of information about the Mauryan Empire. There are 33 edicts comprising 14 Major Rock Edicts, 2 known The Kalinga edicts, 7 Pillar Edicts, some Minor Rock Edits and a few Minor Pillar Inscriptions. The Major Rock Edicts extend from Kandahar in Afghanistan, Shahbazgarhi and Mansehra in north-west Pakistan to Uttarakhand district in the north, Gujarat and Maharashtra in the west, Odisha in the east and as far south as Karnataka and Kurnool district in Andhra Pradesh, Minor Pillar Inscriptions have been found as far north as Nepal (near Lumbini). The geographical spread of the edicts essentially defines the extent of the vast empire over which Ashoka ruled.”
Why relevant

Describes the wide geographical spread and composition of Ashoka's edicts, implying the need for deciphering Brahmi to reconstruct Mauryan history.

How to extend

A student could use the fact that these inscriptions are in Brahmi to confirm that any claimed 'first decipherer' must have worked on Brahmi script and compare known scholars associated with Brahmi.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > Activity > p. 62
Strength: 2/5
“D.N. Jha, Ancient India in Historical Outline, Manohar, New Delhi, 2010. • 5. Dhammika, Ven. S., The Edicts of King Ashoka - an English Rendering. 1993/94. • 6. John Keay, India: A History. 2000. • 7. K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, (ed.) The Age of the Nandas and Mauryas (reprint), 1996. • 8. Romila Thapar, Ashoka and the Decline of the Mauryas (rev. ed”
Why relevant

Lists modern scholarly works and translations of Ashoka's edicts, indicating a historiographical tradition where specific scholars (e.g., those credited in textbooks) are cited for decipherment/translations.

How to extend

A student might consult the cited works or their prefatory notes (basic library search) to see which scholar(s) are credited with deciphering Brahmi and when.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > Edicts of Ashoka > p. 53
Strength: 2/5
“(Cholas), the Pandyas, the Satiyaputa, the Keralaputa (Chera), even Tamraparni, the Yona king Antiyoka (Antiochus), and the kings who are the neighbours of this Antioka". The edicts reveal Ashoka's belief in peace, righteousness and justice and his concern for the welfare of his people”
Why relevant

Mentions specific names and foreign kings referred to in the edicts (e.g., 'Yona king Antiyoka (Antiochus)'), showing that identifying historical names required accurate decipherment of script.

How to extend

A student can use this example to reason that correct readings (and their scholarly attribution) are traceable in secondary literature—so checking who first produced such identifications helps test the statement.

Pattern takeaway: UPSC alternates between asking about the *content* of Ashokan edicts (e.g., Rummindei, Rock Edict XIII) and the *process* of their discovery. The pattern is: Source Location -> Decipherer -> Script -> Content.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. Direct hit from NCERT Class XII 'Themes in Indian History - Part I' (Page 28 & 46) and TN Class XI History.
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: The theme of 'Historiography' and 'Sources of History'—specifically how modern scholars reconstructed the Mauryan timeline.
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 'Indology Hall of Fame': William Jones (Asiatic Society, 1784, Sanskrit-Latin link); Charles Wilkins (First Gita translation); Alexander Cunningham (First ASI Director, Harappan seal); John Marshall (Indus Valley announcement, 1924); Mortimer Wheeler (Stratigraphic excavation).
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Do not just study the 'History' (Kings/Wars); study the 'History of History' (Who found it? When? How?). UPSC loves the interface between archaeology and text.
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Decipherment of Brahmi — James Prinsep
💡 The insight

References state the Brahmi script of Ashokan inscriptions was deciphered by James Prinsep (1837), which directly bears on who first read the edicts.

High-yield factual item: questions often ask who deciphered Brahmi and when. Links epigraphy to reconstruction of Mauryan history; useful for source-based and historiography questions. Memorise Prinsep and the 1837 decipherment and practice applying this to questions on how primary sources are recovered.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > Sources > p. 47
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > I. Choose the Correct Answer > p. 61
  • Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: The Rise of Empires > THINK ABOUT IT > p. 105
🔗 Anchor: "Was Georg Bühler the first scholar to decipher the edicts of Emperor Ashoka?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Ashokan edicts as primary historical sources
💡 The insight

Multiple references describe the edicts' content, number/types, and wide geographical spread, showing their centrality for reconstructing Mauryan history.

Frequently tested: understanding what the edicts tell us (administration, dhamma, foreign relations) and their distribution helps answer polity, cultural contact, and map-based questions. Prepare by linking specific edict themes to regions and historical conclusions.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > Edicts of Ashoka > p. 52
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > Ashoka's Dharmic State > p. 57
🔗 Anchor: "Was Georg Bühler the first scholar to decipher the edicts of Emperor Ashoka?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Script vs language in inscriptions (Brahmi vs Prakrit)
💡 The insight

References distinguish that most edicts are in Prakrit (language) written in Brahmi (script), a conceptual distinction relevant to decipherment debates.

Important for clarity in questions on epigraphy and linguistic evidence; helps avoid conflating script with language when analysing inscriptions. Study by comparing examples and noting how script decipherment enables language interpretation.

📚 Reading List :
  • Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: The Rise of Empires > THINK ABOUT IT > p. 105
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > Sources > p. 47
🔗 Anchor: "Was Georg Bühler the first scholar to decipher the edicts of Emperor Ashoka?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Decipherment of Brahmi script
💡 The insight

Prinsep's decipherment of Brahmi is the central factual claim behind the statement; the references date and attribute the breakthrough to him.

High-yield for UPSC: questions often ask who deciphered key scripts and the dates/impact. Links to broader themes of epigraphy and reconstruction of ancient history. Prepare by memorising major decipherments, dates, and their consequences for historical interpretation.

📚 Reading List :
  • THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART I, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: Kings, Farmers and Towns > 7.1 Deciphering Brahmi > p. 46
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > Sources > p. 47
🔗 Anchor: "Was James Prinsep the first scholar to decipher the edicts of Emperor Ashoka?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Epigraphy as a primary source for Mauryan history
💡 The insight

References state that Ashokan edicts are the most concrete source for the Mauryan Empire and that decipherment enabled reconstruction of the period.

Vital for answering source-based questions—identifying which inscriptions inform us about political extent, administration and policy. Connects to archaeology, numismatics and textual sources; revise types of sources and case studies (e.g., Ashokan edicts).

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > Sources > p. 47
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > Edicts of Ashoka > p. 52
🔗 Anchor: "Was James Prinsep the first scholar to decipher the edicts of Emperor Ashoka?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Identification of 'Piyadassi' with Ashoka in inscriptions
💡 The insight

Prinsep's readings showed inscriptions referring to a king called Piyadassi; other references explain that Aśhoka called himself Devanampiya Piyadasi in the edicts.

Useful for questions on epigraphic methodology (how rulers are identified by honorifics/titles) and synchronising inscriptional with textual evidence. Learn key honorifics/titles and their epigraphic contexts to tackle source-criticism and identification questions.

📚 Reading List :
  • THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART I, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: Kings, Farmers and Towns > 1. Prinsep and Piyadassi > p. 28
  • Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: The Rise of Empires > THINK ABOUT IT > p. 106
🔗 Anchor: "Was James Prinsep the first scholar to decipher the edicts of Emperor Ashoka?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 Decipherment of Brahmi and James Prinsep
💡 The insight

The question hinges on who deciphered Ashokan inscriptions; the references state that James Prinsep deciphered the Brahmi script (1837), which enabled reading the Ashokan edicts.

UPSC often asks about historiography and epigraphic breakthroughs (who, when, significance). Mastering which scholars deciphered key scripts (like Brahmi) helps answer questions on primary sources, reconstruction of ancient history, and the methodology of historical inquiry. Prepare by memorising major scholars, dates, and the immediate impact of their discoveries.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > Sources > p. 47
🔗 Anchor: "Was Max Müller the first scholar to decipher the edicts of Emperor Ashoka?"
🌑 The Hidden Trap

While Prinsep deciphered the script and read the title 'Devanampiya Piyadassi', he didn't initially know it was Ashoka. The confirmation came later from the **Maski Edict** (Karnataka) and **Gujarra Edict** (MP), which explicitly mention the name 'Ashoka' alongside the titles.

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

Chronological Logic: William Jones founded the Asiatic Society in 1784 (18th Century). The decipherment of a lost script like Brahmi required decades of data collection by that very Society. It is logically more likely to be a 19th-century achievement (Prinsep, 1837) than an 18th-century one. Max Müller is a text-translator (Vedas), not a field archaeologist.

🔗 Mains Connection

Mains GS-1 (Art & Culture) & GS-4 (Ethics): Ashoka's edicts represent the earliest form of 'State Communication' and 'Public Ethics'. Contrast Prinsep's decipherment (colonial curiosity) with the actual content of the edicts (indigenous model of welfare state and tolerance).

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

NDA-II · 2017 · Q85 Relevance score: 0.89

Ashoka’s connection with Buddhism is evident from which one of the following edicts ?

NDA-I · 2015 · Q83 Relevance score: 0.80

Consider the following statements about Ashokan rock edicts : 1. Major Rock Edict XIII records Ashoka’s remorse at the sufferings caused by his Kalinga campaign. 2. Major Rock Edict X records Ashoka’s visit to Lumbini. 3. Major Rock Edict XII refers to Dhamma Mahamattas as a new category of officers instituted by Ashoka. 4. Major Rock Edict XII speaks about showing tolerance towards all sects. Which of the statements given above are correct ?

CDS-I · 2011 · Q93 Relevance score: 0.18

Which one among the following statements about Ashokan Edicts is correct?

CAPF · 2013 · Q60 Relevance score: -0.86

Which one among the following inscriptions was installed in the easternmost part of Ashoka's territory?

CDS-I · 2025 · Q34 Relevance score: -1.40

Which one of the following statements about Ashoka's inscriptions is correct ? (a) The Major Rock Edict found in Kerala is in Sanskrit. (b) Minor Rock Edicts in Bihar are found only in Pataliputra. (c) The Dhauli Major Rock Edict makes a mention of the Kalinga War. (d) Kalsi in Uttarakhand is a site of Major Rock Edicts.