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Q38 (IAS/2016) History & Culture › Medieval India › Medieval social structure Official Key

Banjaras during the medieval period of Indian history were generally

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: D
Explanation

Banjaras during the medieval period of Indian history were generally traders.[3] The Banjaras had actively participated in the inter-local trade in the medieval period and supplied food grains, raw materials, textiles, silks, mules and other commodities to the people.[6] Banjaras were specialized traders who carried goods in a large bulk over long distances.[7] They were specialized in carrying bulk goods.[6] From the medieval period onwards, we have records of adivasi communities trading elephants and other goods like hides, horns, silk cocoons, ivory, bamboo, spices, fibres, grasses, gums and resins through nomadic communities like the Banjaras.[8] Agriculture had never been their occupation in their history.[9] Therefore, option D (traders) is the correct answer, while options A (agriculturists), B (warriors), and C (weavers) do not accurately describe the primary occupation of Banjaras during the medieval period.

Sources
  1. [7] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 14: The Mughal Empire > Trade and Commerce > p. 215
  2. [8] India and the Contemporary World - I. History-Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 4: Forest Society and Colonialism > Source C > p. 89
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Q. Banjaras during the medieval period of Indian history were generally [A] agriculturists [B] warriors [C] weavers [D] traders
At a glance
Origin: Books + Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 2.5/10 · 7.5/10
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This is a textbook 'Sitter' directly from NCERT Class VII (Chapter 7) and Class IX. It rewards basic reading of standard texts over obscure research. If you missed this, you are skipping the 'Tribes and Nomads' chapters which are high-yield for Medieval terms.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Were Banjaras during the medieval period of Indian history primarily agriculturists?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Banjaras during the medieval period of Indian history were generally traders."
Why this source?
  • Directly answers the posed question and gives a clear classification.
  • States that Banjaras were generally traders, which contradicts the claim that they were primarily agriculturists.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The Banjaras had actively participated in the inter-local trade in the medieval period and supplied food grains, raw materials, textiles, silks, mules and other commodities to the people."
Why this source?
  • Describes Banjaras' active participation in inter-local trade during the medieval period.
  • Notes they specialized in carrying bulk goods and supplied food grains and other commodities, emphasizing transport/trade roles rather than farming.
Web source
Presence: 3/5
"first as pastoralists and then as agriculturists, although agriculture had never been their occupation in their history."
Why this source?
  • Offers a conflicting view that mentions a shift 'first as pastoralists and then as agriculturists.'
  • Also qualifies that 'agriculture had never been their occupation,' making the statement about them being primarily agriculturists unclear.

India and the Contemporary World - I. History-Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: Pastoralists in the Modern World > New words > p. 101
Strength: 5/5
“Only buffaloes liked the swampy, wet conditions of the coastal areas during the monsoon months. Other herds had to be shifted to the dry plateau at this time. Banjaras were yet another well-known group of graziers. They were to be found in the villages of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. In search of good pastureland for their cattle, they moved over long distances, selling plough cattle and other goods to villagers in exchange for grain and fodder.”
Why relevant

Explicitly describes Banjaras as 'well-known group of graziers' who moved long distances, selling plough cattle and goods for grain and fodder.

How to extend

A student could combine this with basic knowledge of pastoralism vs settled agriculture to infer Banjaras were pastoral/merchant-nomads rather than settled cultivators.

India and the Contemporary World - I. History-Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 4: Forest Society and Colonialism > Source C > p. 89
Strength: 4/5
“with the growing demand for rubber in the mid-nineteenth century, the Mundurucu peoples of the Brazilian Amazon who lived in villages on high ground and cultivated manioc, began to collect latex from wild rubber trees for supplying to traders. Gradually, they descended to live in trading posts and became completely dependent on traders. In India, the trade in forest products was not new. From the medieval period onwards, we have records of adivasi communities trading elephants and other goods like hides, horns, silk cocoons, ivory, bamboo, spices, fibres, grasses, gums and resins through nomadic communities like the Banjaras. With the coming of the British, however, trade was completely regulated by the government.”
Why relevant

States that from the medieval period onward nomadic communities like the Banjaras traded forest and other goods, indicating a trading/itinerant function.

How to extend

One could use this pattern of nomadic trade to question whether such groups practiced settled agriculture as their primary occupation.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 17: Contemporary Issues > REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT > p. 66
Strength: 3/5
“During the Mughal period, the economy was village-based, though under Muslim rule for over 500 years, the society continued to be organised according to Hindu traditions. Caste system was intact. The social disparity often added another dimension to economic exploitation. While the Jajmani System ensured social security, the caste system ensured social immobility. During the medieval period of Indian history, there is historical evidence to indicate that there were food surplus and deficit regions, as trade in food-grains between regions took place. Indian village was highly segmented both socially and economically. There was significant inequality in distribution of farm land.”
Why relevant

Describes the medieval economy as village-based and agrarian with social segmentation and land-based inequality, implying settled agriculture was organised around villages and landholders.

How to extend

A student could contrast the village-based agrarian structure with the mobile, trading role described for Banjaras to judge whether they fit the profile of primary agriculturists.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 14: Settlements > Urban Growth and Development in India > p. 21
Strength: 3/5
“2. Medieval Cities: During the medieval period of Indian history, the Muslim imprint on the city structure is significantly conspicuous. The Muslims introduced fortifications, mosques, bazaar (markets) and chowk, and residential segregation in their cities. The walled city of Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi) is a typical example of the medieval town (Fig. 14.18). The city of Shahjahanabad was built on the bank of river Yamuna. Its architecture was a fusion of Islamic and Hindu influence. The cities of the medieval period were surrounded by brick walls without a moat. Every city had a market centre—the main chowk (cross-roads) of the city.”
Why relevant

Notes that medieval cities had bazaars/markets as central features, signalling demand for goods and intermediaries who supply rural produce to towns.

How to extend

A student might reason that Banjaras' itinerant trading and cattle-selling fit the role of market suppliers/intermediaries rather than settled farmers.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Society > p. 125
Strength: 2/5
“Brahmins as learned scholars in literature, astronomy, law and others functioned as the royal counsellors. Not only were they in the teaching profession, they were also involved in agriculture, trade and war. They were exempted from paying taxes and capital punishment. The next important social group which ruled the state was called sat-kshatryas (quality kshatriyas). Not all the kshatryas were of warring groups; some of them were involved in trading as well. Most scholars agree that Aryanisation or the northern influence on the south picked up pace during the Pallava period. This is evident from the royal grants issued by the kings.”
Why relevant

Shows social groups often combined occupations (e.g., Brahmins engaged in agriculture, trade and war), illustrating occupational diversity among communities.

How to extend

This suggests the need to check whether Banjaras were multi-occupational or primarily pastoral/trading, rather than assuming they were principally agriculturists.

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Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

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Consider the following statements about Indian trade and commerce in the medieval period : 1. India exported cotton piece goods to the wider world in the medieval period. 2. India received gold and silver from the wider world in lieu of her cotton goods. 3. India also supplied raw materials to the European industries in the medieval period. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

CDS-I · 2014 · Q9 Relevance score: -1.62

Consider the following statements regarding Indian Feudalism in the early medieval period : 1. The revenue assignments were called Bhoga. 2. The hereditary chiefs neither collected revenues nor assumed administrative powers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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In medieval India, the designations 'Mahattara' and 'Pattakila' were used for