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Satya Shodhak Samaj organized
Explanation
Jyotiba Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth Seekers' Society) in 1873[1], and organised a powerful movement against upper caste domination and brahminical supremacy in Maharashtra[1]. The leadership of the samaj came from the backward classes, including malis, telis, kunbis, saris and dhangars[1]. The main aims of the movement were social service and spread of education among women and lower caste people[1]. Membership of the Samaj was extended to all the castes including Mahars, Mangs, Jews and Muslims[2], demonstrating its inclusive anti-caste character. This was clearly an anti-caste movement based in Maharashtra, making option C correct. The other options are incorrect as they refer to different movements in different states - the Satya Shodhak Samaj was specifically a Maharashtra-based organization fighting caste oppression.
Sources- [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 9: A General Survey of Socio-Cultural Reform Movements > Satyashodhak Samaj and Jyotiba or Jyotirao Phule > p. 215
- [2] https://countercurrents.org/2016/09/satya-sodhak-trinity-of-mahatma-jothirao-phule/
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Guest previewThis is a 'Sitter' question directly from standard textbooks (Spectrum/Bipin Chandra). It tests the fundamental 'Who-Where-What' of major reform movements. Missing this indicates a gap in basic Modern History preparation, not a lack of advanced reading.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Did Satya Shodhak Samaj organize a movement for the upliftment of tribals in Bihar?
- Statement 2: Did Satya Shodhak Samaj organize a temple-entry movement in Gujarat?
- Statement 3: Did Satya Shodhak Samaj organize an anti-caste movement in Maharashtra?
- Statement 4: Did Satya Shodhak Samaj organize a peasant movement in Punjab?
- Explicitly identifies the correct option for the question about Satya Shodhak Samaj as option C: an anti-caste movement in Maharashtra.
- Directly contradicts the claim that it organized a movement for tribal uplift in Bihar.
- States the Samaj was founded in 1873 as a pioneering social reformist movement in the history of Maharashtra.
- Establishes the regional and reformist (Maharashtra, anti-caste) nature of the movement rather than activity in Bihar among tribals.
- Describes the Samaj's objects and membership extended to lower castes (Mahars, Mangs), indicating an anti-caste, Dalit/Shudra focus.
- Supports that the movement targeted caste oppression in Maharashtra, not specifically tribal uplift in Bihar.
Describes Satyashodhak (Satyashodhak) Samaj as founded by Jyotiba Phule to organise backward classes and to spread education among women and lower-caste people.
A student could take this pattern (Samaj focused on lower castes in Maharashtra) and check whether its activities or branches extended geographically to Bihar or targeted tribal groups there.
Lists important tribal movements and uprisings in regions that include parts of Bihar (Chotanagpur/Jharkhand), showing tribal mobilisation occurred in the area.
Combine this with the Samaj's remit to see if Satyashodhak organisations historically engaged with or emerged alongside these tribal movements in Bihar.
Notes that tribal organisations are active in Bihar among other states, indicating an established presence of tribal-focused groups in that state.
Use this to assess plausibility that a reform society might have worked with or organized tribal uplift in Bihar by checking historical links between Satyashodhak Samaj and local tribal organisations.
Shows that socio-religious reform movements (e.g., Arya Samaj) undertook campaigns to uplift oppressed groups like 'untouchables' and spread social reforms.
Apply the general rule that reform samajs sometimes addressed marginalized communities to hypothesize whether Satyashodhak Samaj could have similarly targeted tribals—then seek region-specific evidence.
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This statement analysis shows book citations, web sources and indirect clues. The first statement (S1) is open for preview.
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