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Q47 (IAS/2016) Science & Technology › Space & Defence Technology › Military aircraft systems Official Key

What is 'Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10)', recently in the news?

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: A
Explanation

The GL-10 is a remotely piloted plane with a 10-foot wingspan that has eight electric motors on the wings and two electric motors on the tail[1], making it fundamentally an electric aircraft. Greased Lightning (GL-10) is an aircraft configuration that combines cruise efficient airplane characteristics with vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) capability, and has been designed, fabricated and flight tested by NASA at the small unmanned aerial system (UAS) scale[2]. The GL-10 UAV with the 10-ft wingspan was flown on September 1, 2015, during an acoustic research flight test at Fort A.P. Hill in Virginia[3], confirming it was tested by NASA around the timeframe relevant to this 2016 question. The other options are incorrect as the GL-10 was neither a solar-powered Japanese aircraft, nor a Chinese space observatory, nor an ISRO reusable rocket—it was specifically NASA's electric plane prototype designed to demonstrate distributed electric propulsion and VTOL capabilities.

Sources
  1. [1] https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/ten-engine-electric-plane-prototype-takes-off/
  2. [2] https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20170007194/downloads/20170007194.pdf
  3. [3] https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20170007194/downloads/20170007194.pdf
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PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. What is 'Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10)', recently in the news? [A] Electric plane tested by NASA [B] Solar-powered two-seater aircraft d…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 10/10

This is a pure Current Affairs question with zero static book overlap. It rewards scanning Science & Tech headlines for major global agencies (NASA, ESA, ISRO). If you missed the news, the name itself is the only clue—static knowledge won't save you here.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Was Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10) an electric plane that was tested by NASA in 2016?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 4/5
"The remotely piloted plane has a 10-foot wingspan (3.05 meters), eight electric motors on the wings, two electric motors on the tail and weighs a maximum of 62 pounds (28.1 kilograms) at take off."
Why this source?
  • Describes the GL-10 prototype as a battery-powered / electric concept developed at NASA Langley.
  • Specifies the remotely piloted prototype has eight electric motors on the wings and two electric motors on the tail, confirming electric propulsion and NASA testing.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"The GL-10 UAV with the 10-ft wingspan was flown September 1, 2015, and a mishap occurred which caused damage to the airframe during an acoustic research flight test at Fort A.P. Hill in Virginia."
Why this source?
  • Documents actual flight activity of the GL-10 UAV, showing it was flown (tested) by NASA-affiliated activity.
  • Provides a specific flight date of September 1, 2015, which indicates testing occurred in 2015 rather than 2016.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Major Events > p. 58
Strength: 5/5
“2013: • PSLV-C25 successfully launches Mars Orbiter Mission Spacecraftfrom Sriharikota (Nov 05, 2013). • Successful launch of GSAT-7 by Ariane-5 VA-215 from Kourou French Guiana (August 30, 2013). • Successful launch of INSAT-3D by Ariane-5 VA-214 from Kourou French Guiana (July 26, 2013). • PSLV-C22 successfully launches IRNSS-1A from Sriharikota (Jul 01, 2013). • PSLV-C20 successfully launches SARAL and six commercial payloadsfrom Sriharikota (Feb 25, 2013). • 2015: Ariane-5 VA-227 launched GSAT 15 (Communication Satellite) • GSLV-D6 launched GSAT 6 (Communication Satellite)• 2016: PSLV C35 launched Cartosat 2 (Meteorological Satellite) • GSLV F05 launched INSAT-3DR (Meteorological Satellite) • 2018: PSLV C41 launched IRNSS-11 (Navigation Satellite) • PSLV C40 launched Cartosat 2 (Earth Observation)• PSLV-C33 launched IRNSS-1G (Navigation satellite)”
Why relevant

Lists specific aerospace events and launches by year (including 2016), illustrating that major aeronautical tests and launches are recorded with year-specific entries.

How to extend

A student could use this pattern to look for a similarly dated entry or press release from NASA or aerospace records for 2016 mentioning GL-10.

Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 12: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current > Activity 12.5 > p. 198
Strength: 3/5
“• n Take a battery (12 V), a variable resistance (or a rheostat), an ammeter (0–5 A), a plug key, connecting wires and a long straight thick copper wire.• n Insert the thick wire through the centre, normal to the plane of a rectangular cardboard. Take care that the cardboard is fixed and does not slide up or down.”
Why relevant

Describes basic experimental setups with batteries and electric current, showing textbooks treat small-scale electric propulsion/electric experiments explicitly.

How to extend

A student could infer that an 'electric plane' would be discussed in contexts mentioning batteries/electric propulsion and therefore search 2016 NASA materials for those keywords linked to GL-10.

Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 8: Natural Hazards and Disaster Management > lightning and thunder > p. 54
Strength: 2/5
“An estimated 8 million lightning strikes occur each day on earth. Lightning refers to fashes of light caused by enormous electrical discharges – tens to hundreds of million of volts – which briefy superheat the air to temperatures of 15,000o C – 30,000o C. Te violent expansion of this abruptly heated air sends shock waves through the atmosphere – the sonic bang, known as thunder. Te greater the distance a lightning stroke travels, the longer the thunder echoes. Lightning at great distance from the observer may not be accompanied by thunder and is called as heat-lightning. Lightning poses a hazard to aircraft and to the people, animals, plants and structures.”
Why relevant

States that lightning poses a hazard to aircraft, indicating safety and environmental concerns are commonly noted when discussing aircraft tests.

How to extend

A student might check NASA test reports from 2016 for discussions of aircraft hazards or environmental testing that could mention GL-10 if it were tested then.

Statement 2
Was Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10) a solar-powered two-seater aircraft designed in Japan in 2016?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The **GL-10 Greased Lightning** is a hybrid [diesel-electric] ... [tiltwing] ... [unmanned] ... aircraft."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly identifies GL-10 as a hybrid diesel-electric tiltwing unmanned aircraft, not a manned two-seater.
  • Lists national origin as United States and introduction date earlier than 2016.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"to develop a 20-foot wingspan ... aircraft powered by hybrid diesel/electric engines ... The remotely piloted plane has a 10-foot wingspan (3.05 meters), eight electric motors on the wings..."
Why this source?
  • Describes development by NASA (U.S.) and hybrid diesel/electric power — contradicts 'solar-powered' and 'designed in Japan'.
  • States the vehicle is remotely piloted with a 10-foot prototype wingspan, indicating unmanned testing rather than a two-seat manned design.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"Greased Lightning (GL-10) is an aircraft configuration that combines the characteristics of a cruise efficient airplane with the ability to perform vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL). This aircraft has been designed, fabricated and flight tested at the small unmanned aerial system (UAS) scale."
Why this source?
  • Describes GL-10 as an aircraft configuration designed, fabricated and flight tested at the small unmanned aerial system (UAS) scale.
  • Notes VTOL capability and NASA authorship, further refuting the claim of a 2016 Japan-designed solar-powered two-seater.

INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Mineral and Energy Resources > Solar Energy > p. 61
Strength: 5/5
“Sun rays tapped in photovoltaic cells can be converted into energy, known as solar energy. The two effective processes considered to be very effective to tap solar energy are photovoltaics and solar thermal technology. Solar thermal technology has some relative advantages over all other non-renewable energy sources. It is cost competitive, environment friendly and easy to construct. Solar energy is 7 per cent more effective than coal or oil based plants and 10 per cent more effective than nuclear plants. It is generally used more in appliances like heaters, crop dryers, cookers, etc. The western part of India has greater potential for the development of solar energy in Gujarat and Rajasthan.”
Why relevant

Defines photovoltaic cells converting sun rays into energy and names photovoltaics as an effective route to tap solar energy.

How to extend

A student could use this to judge plausibility that an aircraft could be solar-powered by checking whether photovoltaics were small/light/power-dense enough circa 2016 to support an aircraft like a two-seater.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 22: Renewable Energy > zz.r.3 Potential of solar energy in India > p. 288
Strength: 4/5
“• India has the potential to generate 35 GW using solar photovoltaic and solar thermal energy. • Solar energy of about 5,000 trillion kWh per year is incident over India's land area with most parts receiving 4-7 kWh per sq. m per day. Hence both technology routes (solar thermal and solar photovoltaic) for conversion of solar radiation into heat and electricity can effectively be harnessed providing huge scalability for solar power in India.”
Why relevant

Gives quantitative potential of solar energy incident on land (kWh per sq. m per day), a basis for estimating energy available to solar panels.

How to extend

A student could combine these insolation figures with typical panel efficiency and aircraft wing area to estimate if solar alone could power a two-seat plane in 2016.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 15: Infrastructure > Solar Photovoltaics Manufacturing in India > p. 451
Strength: 3/5
“• According to the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy report (2018), India has an annual ۰ solar cell manufacturing capacity of about 3 GW while the average annual demand is 20 GW. The shortfall is met by imports of solar panels mainly from China.• In the solar panel-manufacturing sector, the Indian government allows 100 per cent ۰ foreign investment as equity and it qualifies for automatic approval.• India now has the third-largest solar installed capacity in the world.”
Why relevant

Notes global/Indian solar PV manufacturing capacity and that shortfall is met by imports (mainly from China).

How to extend

One could infer supply chains and likely sources of PV technology in 2016 — useful to assess whether a Japan-designed solar aircraft would plausibly rely on domestic or imported panels.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 22: Renewable Energy > Renewabte energy comprises of > p. 287
Strength: 3/5
“• Solar energy – generated from the sun • Hydroelectric (hydel) energy – derived from water • Biomass energy – from firewood, animal dung, biodegradable waste and crop residues, when it is burnt. • Geothermal energy – energy from hot dry rocks, magma, hot water springs, natural geysers, etc. • Ocean thermal energy – from waves and also from tidal waves. • Co-generation – producing two forms of energy from one fuel. • Fuel cells are also being used as a cleaner energy source. Secondary source - non-renewable energy generated through the conversion of coal, oil, natural gas etc. The Government has up-scaled the target of renewable energy capacity to 75 GW by the year 2022, which includes 100 GW from solar, 60 GW from wind, 10 GW from bio-power and 5 GW from small hydro-power.”
Why relevant

Lists solar energy among renewable sources and states national targets for solar capacity, showing policy/technology emphasis on solar.

How to extend

A student might use this to argue that by 2016 solar technology was prominent enough to inspire experimental solar aircraft projects, prompting a check of project origins/dates.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 15: Infrastructure > 5/20 RULE (scrapped by GOI in 2016) > p. 458
Strength: 2/5
“*5/20 RULE (scrapped by GOI in 2016) As per 5/20 rule, Indian carriers were required to complete at least 5 years in domestic operations and also to have at least 20 aircrafts in the fleet or 20 percent of their fleet (whichever is higher) in domestic operations before the airline was permitted to fly on international routes. However, the same has been revoked under National Civil Aviation Policy 2016. The government has relaxed this rule to 0/20; i.e. now carriers need deployment of only 20 aircrafts in domestic operations in order to be able to fly internationally.”
Why relevant

Mentions a change in Indian civil aviation policy in 2016, establishing that 2016 was a notable year for aviation regulation.

How to extend

A student could treat 2016 as a reference year and cross-check timelines of aviation/aircraft projects (like GL-10) to see if design/publication dates align with that year.

Statement 3
Was Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10) a space observatory launched by China in 2016?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Greased Lightning (GL-10) is an aircraft configuration that combines the characteristics of a cruise efficient airplane with the ability to perform vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL)."
Why this source?
  • Defines GL-10 explicitly as an aircraft configuration, not a space observatory.
  • Describes GL-10 capabilities (cruise-efficient airplane with VTOL) inconsistent with a space observatory launched by China.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The GL-10 Greased Lightning is a hybrid diesel-electric tiltwing unmanned aircraft."
Why this source?
  • States GL-10 is a hybrid diesel-electric tiltwing unmanned aircraft.
  • Identifies national origin as United States and first flight in 2014, contradicting the claim of a 2016 Chinese space launch.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The remotely piloted plane has a 10-foot wingspan (3.05 meters), eight electric motors on the wings, two electric motors on the tail and weighs a maximum of 62 pounds (28.1 kilograms) at take off."
Why this source?
  • Describes GL-10 as a remotely piloted plane with a 10-foot wingspan and electric motors, a prototype tested by NASA.
  • Confirms aircraft nature and NASA involvement, not a Chinese space observatory launched in 2016.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Major Events > p. 58
Strength: 4/5
“2013: • PSLV-C25 successfully launches Mars Orbiter Mission Spacecraftfrom Sriharikota (Nov 05, 2013). • Successful launch of GSAT-7 by Ariane-5 VA-215 from Kourou French Guiana (August 30, 2013). • Successful launch of INSAT-3D by Ariane-5 VA-214 from Kourou French Guiana (July 26, 2013). • PSLV-C22 successfully launches IRNSS-1A from Sriharikota (Jul 01, 2013). • PSLV-C20 successfully launches SARAL and six commercial payloadsfrom Sriharikota (Feb 25, 2013). • 2015: Ariane-5 VA-227 launched GSAT 15 (Communication Satellite) • GSLV-D6 launched GSAT 6 (Communication Satellite)• 2016: PSLV C35 launched Cartosat 2 (Meteorological Satellite) • GSLV F05 launched INSAT-3DR (Meteorological Satellite) • 2018: PSLV C41 launched IRNSS-11 (Navigation Satellite) • PSLV C40 launched Cartosat 2 (Earth Observation)• PSLV-C33 launched IRNSS-1G (Navigation satellite)”
Why relevant

Lists named satellites and launch events for 2016 (e.g., PSLV C35 launched Cartosat 2; GSLV F05 launched INSAT-3DR), showing which craft were recorded that year.

How to extend

A student could compare a comprehensive 2016 launch list (from world launch records) to see if any entry named GL-10 appears, or if launches that year used different naming conventions.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Major Events > p. 57
Strength: 3/5
“2005: Launch of CARTOSAT and HAMSAT by PSLV-C6 from the second launch pad (Universal Launch Pad) (May 1). ISAT-4A launched successfully on July 10, 2006. GSL V-F02 carried INSAT-4C. 2006: Second operational flight of GSLV (F02) unsuccessful July 2006. 2007: Successful launch of CARTOSAT-2, SRE-1, LAPAN-TUBSAT and PEHUENSAT-1 on PSLV V C7 on January 10, 2007. 2008: • PSLV-C11 successfully launches CHANDRAYAAN-1 from Sriharikota (October 22, 2008). • PSLV-C9 successfully launches CARTOSAT-2A, IMS-1 and 8 foreign nano satellites from Sriharikota (April 28,2008). • PSLV-C10 successfully launches TECSAR satellite under a commercial contract with Antrix Corporation (January 21, 2008). 2009: • PSLV-C14 successfully launches Seven Satellites-OCEANSAT-2, FourCUBESAT Satellites and Two RUBIN-9 from Sriharikota (Sept.”
Why relevant

Provides examples of satellite naming conventions used by ISRO (CARTOSAT, SRE-1, etc.), illustrating typical national naming patterns.

How to extend

Use the pattern to judge whether 'GL-10' fits common national/agency naming schemes (e.g., GSAT/INSAT/Cartosat for India) and to search agency lists for matching prefixes.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Major Events > p. 56
Strength: 3/5
“1980: Second experimental launch of SLV-3; Rohini satellite successfully placed in orbit. 1981: Bhaskara II launched on November 20. 1982: INSAT-1A launched (April), deactivated in September. 1983: Second launch of SLV-3; RD-D2 placed in orbit. INSAT-1B launched. 1984: Indo-Soviet manned space mission (April). Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian to reach space. 1987: ASLV with SROSS-1 satellite on board launched. 1988: First Indian Remote Sensing Satellite, IRS-1A launched. 1990: INSAT-1D launched successfully. 1991: Launch of second operational Remote Sensing Satellite, IRS-1B (August). 1992: Third developmental launch of ASLV witth SROCC-C on board (May). Satellite placed in orbit. First indigenously built satellite, INSAT-2A, launched successfully.”
Why relevant

Chronology of Indian launches and satellite names across years, implying that major launches and observatories are commonly documented in such lists.

How to extend

A student could consult similar chronological launch records worldwide for 2016 to check for a GL-10 entry and its launching nation.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 14: Service Sector > SPACE SECTOR > p. 433
Strength: 2/5
“• According to ISRO, India has spent about US$1.8 billion on space programmes in 2019-20 while USA is the major player and has spent around US$19.5 billion in 2019-20. China spends around US$11 billion in 2019-20.• The three key focus areas of Indian space programme are: • Satellite communication. 1. Earth observation. 3. Satellite-aided navigation which includes GAGAN and NavIC*”
Why relevant

States that China is a major space spender (~US$11 billion in 2019–20), indicating China is an active space actor that could plausibly launch observatories.

How to extend

Combine this general fact with external launch databases for 2016 to see whether China launched any observatory named GL-10 that year.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 14: Service Sector > 14.12 Indian Economy > p. 434
Strength: 2/5
“The two major trends of space programmes globally are space exploration and being used ۰ for national security purposes. (20) 11 D • Private investments are being attracted to deliver space-related goods and services. The major areas for these investments are: • Production of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). • Satellite integration and assembly. • Production of composite materials. • Production of solid, liquid, cryogenic and semi-cryogenic propellants. • Production of electronic packages, avionics and satellite testing.”
Why relevant

Describes major global space programme trends and typical areas of activity (launch vehicles, satellites, production), implying launches are traceable by vehicle and satellite type.

How to extend

A student might use known 2016 launch-vehicle logs and manufacturer/agency records to verify if GL-10 appears and which country launched it.

Statement 4
Was Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10) a reusable rocket designed by ISRO in 2016?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Greased Lightning (GL-10) is an aircraft configuration that combines the characteristics of a cruise efficient airplane with the ability to perform vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL)."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly identifies GL-10 as an aircraft configuration with VTOL capability, not a rocket.
  • Document is from NASA, indicating NASA involvement rather than ISRO.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The **GL-10 Greased Lightning** is a hybrid [diesel-electric](/wiki/Diesel-electric_transmission "Diesel-electric transmission") [tiltwing](/wiki/Tiltwing "Tiltwing") [unmanned](/wiki/UAV "UAV") aircraft."
Why this source?
  • Describes GL-10 as a hybrid diesel-electric tiltwing unmanned aircraft, directly contradicting it being a rocket.
  • Shows introduction and first flight dates earlier than 2016 (introduction 2014, first flight 2014 tethered).
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"The GL-10 UAV with the 10-ft wingspan was flown September 1, 2015, and a mishap occurred which caused damage to the airframe during an acoustic research flight test at Fort A.P. Hill in Virginia."
Why this source?
  • Refers to GL-10 as a UAV and records a flight/mishap in 2015, contradicting the claim it was designed by ISRO in 2016.
  • Reinforces that GL-10 is an unmanned aircraft tested by NASA, not a reusable rocket from ISRO.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Phase I: 1960–70 > p. 55
Strength: 4/5
“Thiruvananthapuram in south Kerala. Subsequently, India developed indigenous technology of sounding rockets called Rohini Family of sounding rockets. Recognising the need for indigenous technology, and possibility of future instability in the supply of parts and technology, the Indian space programme endeavoured to indigenise every material supply route, mechanism, and technology. As the Indian Rohini Programme continued to launch sounding rockets of greater size and complexity, the space programme expanded and was eventually given its own government department, separate from the department of Atomic Energy. In 1969, the India Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was created and finally the Department of Space was established in 1972.”
Why relevant

Describes early indigenous rocket development (Rohini family) and the institutionalisation of ISRO, giving a pattern that India developed its own named rocket families.

How to extend

A student could compare known ISRO vehicle naming conventions (e.g., Rohini, PSLV, GSLV) and historical lists of ISRO projects to see if a ‘GL-10’ appears in 2016.

Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 11: Keeping Time with the Skies > Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai (1919–1971) > p. 186
Strength: 5/5
“Vikram Sarabhai, a researcher in space science and nuclear physics is known as the Father of the Indian Space programme. He pioneered the effort to launch the first artificial satellites. The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), located in Thiruvananthapuram, the ISRO centre that develops rockets and launch vehicle technology, is named after him. 186”
Why relevant

Identifies the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) as the ISRO centre that develops rockets and launch vehicle technology.

How to extend

One could check VSSC project/press lists for 2016 to verify whether it announced or developed a vehicle called GL-10.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > INDIA—SPACE PROGRAMME > p. 54
Strength: 4/5
“History: India's experience in rocketery began in ancient times when fireworks were first used in the country, a technology invented in neighbouring China, and which had an extensive two-way exchange of ideas and goods with India, connected by the Silk Road. Military use of rockets by Indians during the Mysore War against the British inspired William Congreve to invent the Congreve rocket, predecessor of modern artillery rockets, in 1804. After India gained Indepenedence from British occupation in 1947, Indian scientists and politicians recognised the potential of rocket technology in both defence applications, and for research development. Recognising the fact that a country as demographically large as India would require its own independent space capabilities, and recognising the early potential of satellites in the fields of remote sensing and communication, these visionaries set about establishing a space research organisation.”
Why relevant

Summarises India's continuous intent to indigenise rocket technology and establish distinct launch vehicles over time.

How to extend

Use this pattern to search ISRO’s catalogue of indigenous launchers and their introduction dates to judge if GL-10 fits that pattern in 2016.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Major Events > p. 57
Strength: 4/5
“23, 2009). • PSLV-C12 successfully launches RISAT-2 and ANUSAT from Sriharikota (April 20, 2009). 2010: • GSLV-F06 launched from Shriharikota (Dec 25, 2010). GSAT-5P could not be placed into orbit as the GSLV-F06 mission was not successful. • Successful launch of advanced communication satellite HYLAS (Highly Adaptable Satellite), built by ISRO on a commercial basis in partnership with EADS-Astrium of Europe, by Ariane-5 V198 from Kourou French Guiana (November 27, 2010). • PSLV-C15 successfully launches Five Satellites-CARTOSAT-2B, ALSAT-2A, two nanosatellites-NLS-6.1 & 6.2 and a pico-satellite- STUDSAT from”
Why relevant

Lists ISRO launch vehicles and mission names in public records (PSLV, GSLV and specific mission codes) showing ISRO publicly uses specific established names/codes for vehicles and missions.

How to extend

Compare public launch logs and mission lists (2010–2012 examples here) to a 2016 manifest to see if GL-10 appears among official vehicle names.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Phase V: 2000–2010 > p. 56
Strength: 3/5
“ISRO has entered the lucrative market of launching payloads of other nations upon its rockets from Indian soil. ISRO is planning a mission to Mars early in the next decade.”
Why relevant

Notes ISRO’s role in launching payloads for other nations and planning missions (e.g., Mars), indicating public visibility and documentation of major projects.

How to extend

Given ISRO’s public launches and media coverage, a student could check 2016 public records/press releases to confirm whether a new reusable vehicle named GL-10 was announced.

Pattern takeaway: UPSC loves 'Future Tech' prototypes that sound sci-fi but are real. The pattern is: Major Agency + New Tech Paradigm (e.g., Electric Aviation) = Prelims Question. Don't ignore NASA/ESA experimental projects.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Current Affairs Sitter (if read) / Bouncer (if not). Source: The Hindu S&T page or NASA press releases (2015-16).
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Green Aviation and Electric Propulsion technologies (The shift away from fossil fuels in flight).
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Solar Impulse-2 (Solar flight), ISRO RLV-TD (Reusable Launch Vehicle), X-57 Maxwell (NASA electric plane), Project Loon (Google internet balloons), Aquila (Facebook solar drone).
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Track 'Future Tech' keywords: Electric Planes, Reusable Rockets, Hyperloop. If a major agency (NASA) tests a new paradigm (electric flight), the prototype name becomes a potential question.
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Physical nature of lightning (electrical discharge and energy)
💡 The insight

The statement mentions an electric aircraft; understanding what lightning is and its electrical intensity is directly relevant to assessing risks to electrically powered or unconventional aircraft.

High-yield for UPSC geography/disaster management: questions often probe causes and characteristics of natural hazards. Mastering the basic physics (voltage, temperatures, energy) helps answer questions on hazard severity, mitigation and impacts on infrastructure/transport. Prepare by studying NCERTs and standard geography texts and practicing application-based questions.

📚 Reading List :
  • Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 8: Natural Hazards and Disaster Management > lightning and thunder > p. 54
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 4: Climate of India > Lightning and Thunder > p. 29
🔗 Anchor: "Was Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10) an electric plane that was tested by NASA in 20..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Lightning hazards to aircraft and resulting safety concerns
💡 The insight

The references explicitly note lightning poses a hazard to aircraft, which is directly relevant when evaluating claims about testing aircraft (electric or otherwise) in environments where lightning risk matters.

Important for disaster-management and transport-related UPSC questions: connects natural hazards to aviation safety, regulatory responses and infrastructure resilience. Useful in framing answers on policy/operational implications (e.g., certification, testing conditions). Study case examples, official safety guidelines, and syllabus chapters on natural hazards.

📚 Reading List :
  • Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 8: Natural Hazards and Disaster Management > lightning and thunder > p. 54
  • Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 25: Thunderstorm > Lightning From Cloud To Earth > p. 349
🔗 Anchor: "Was Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10) an electric plane that was tested by NASA in 20..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Lightning protection and grounding (lightning conductors & ground currents)
💡 The insight

Understanding protection measures and the behaviour of ground currents informs assessment of how man-made systems (including aircraft on ground or installations) mitigate lightning risks.

Relevant for disaster risk reduction and infrastructure resilience questions in UPSC: shows link between physical hazard and engineering/administrative solutions. Learn common mitigation measures, their principles and limits from NCERT and environment/disaster-management texts.

📚 Reading List :
  • Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 6: Pressure, Winds, Storms, and Cyclones > Ever heard of ... > p. 92
  • Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 25: Thunderstorm > Lightning From Cloud To Earth > p. 349
🔗 Anchor: "Was Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10) an electric plane that was tested by NASA in 20..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Photovoltaics vs Solar Thermal
💡 The insight

The references distinguish the two main routes for converting solar radiation (photovoltaics and solar thermal), which is fundamental when evaluating claims about 'solar-powered' vehicles or devices.

High-yield for UPSC: understanding the technical difference helps answer questions on renewable technology choice, deployment limits, and suitability for applications (e.g., power generation vs direct-heat uses). Connects to energy policy, infrastructure and technology adoption questions. Prepare by comparing principles, typical applications, advantages/limitations, and policy implications using NCERT or standard energy sources.

📚 Reading List :
  • INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Mineral and Energy Resources > Solar Energy > p. 61
  • Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 22: Renewable Energy > zz.r.3 Potential of solar energy in India > p. 288
🔗 Anchor: "Was Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10) a solar-powered two-seater aircraft designed in..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 National solar targets and policy scaling
💡 The insight

Several references describe India’s scaling-up of solar targets and policy frameworks (e.g., revised National Solar Mission targets), relevant when judging statements about large-scale support for solar technologies.

Important for UPSC: questions often test knowledge of national renewable targets, policy changes and their implications for infrastructure and technology adoption. Links to topics on energy security, climate policy and public investment. Study official mission documents, timelines of target revisions, and major scheme components to answer policy- and governance-oriented questions.

📚 Reading List :
  • Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 23: India and Climate Change > Mission targets > p. 302
  • Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 22: Renewable Energy > Renewabte energy comprises of > p. 287
🔗 Anchor: "Was Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10) a solar-powered two-seater aircraft designed in..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Solar photovoltaic manufacturing capacity and import dependence
💡 The insight

Evidence on domestic PV manufacturing capacity versus demand and reliance on imports is relevant when assessing feasibility and supply-chain constraints for solar-powered projects or vehicles.

Relevant for UPSC because examination items probe industrial capacity, trade dependencies and policy measures to promote domestic manufacturing. Connects to manufacturing policy, trade, and renewable energy deployment. Focus preparation on government reports/statistics, capacity vs demand figures, and policy incentives to build domestic manufacturing.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 15: Infrastructure > Solar Photovoltaics Manufacturing in India > p. 451
  • Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 15: Infrastructure > Solar Energy Sector > p. 449
🔗 Anchor: "Was Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10) a solar-powered two-seater aircraft designed in..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 Space launch timelines and country attribution
💡 The insight

Verifying a claim about a specific craft (GL-10) requires checking launch-year and which country conducted the launch; several references list launches by year and country (India).

High-yield for UPSC: questions often ask about major space missions, their years and national attribution. Mastering timeline interpretation helps quickly verify or refute statements about launches. Prepare by compiling chronological lists of major missions and cross-checking launch vehicles and launch sites.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Major Events > p. 58
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Major Events > p. 57
🔗 Anchor: "Was Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10) a space observatory launched by China in 2016?"
🌑 The Hidden Trap

Solar Impulse 2. It was the major 'Solar Plane' news of 2015-16 (circumnavigating the globe). Knowing Solar Impulse 2 allows you to confidently eliminate Option B (Solar-powered aircraft designed by Japan), as the famous solar plane was Swiss.

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

Linguistic Intuition Hack: 'Greased Lightning' is an American English idiom (meaning very fast). China names missions after mythology (Chang'e, Tiangong). Japan uses nature terms (Kounotori, Hayabusa). ISRO uses Sanskrit (Chandrayaan) or functional acronyms (RLV-TD). An idiomatic English name strongly points to [A] NASA.

🔗 Mains Connection

Mains GS-3 (Science & Tech / Environment): The transition to 'Green Aviation' is critical for meeting climate goals (Paris Agreement). Electric propulsion reduces aviation emissions, a key point for essays on sustainable transport.

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

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In the context of space technology, what is Bhuvan, recently in the news ?

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The terms ‘Pinaka and Smerch’ mentioned in news recently refer to

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What is the purpose of the US Space Agency’s Themis Mission, which was recently in the news?