Question map
What is 'Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10)', recently in the news?
Explanation
The GL-10 is a remotely piloted plane with a 10-foot wingspan that has eight electric motors on the wings and two electric motors on the tail[1], making it fundamentally an electric aircraft. Greased Lightning (GL-10) is an aircraft configuration that combines cruise efficient airplane characteristics with vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) capability, and has been designed, fabricated and flight tested by NASA at the small unmanned aerial system (UAS) scale[2]. The GL-10 UAV with the 10-ft wingspan was flown on September 1, 2015, during an acoustic research flight test at Fort A.P. Hill in Virginia[3], confirming it was tested by NASA around the timeframe relevant to this 2016 question. The other options are incorrect as the GL-10 was neither a solar-powered Japanese aircraft, nor a Chinese space observatory, nor an ISRO reusable rocket—it was specifically NASA's electric plane prototype designed to demonstrate distributed electric propulsion and VTOL capabilities.
Sources- [1] https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/ten-engine-electric-plane-prototype-takes-off/
- [2] https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20170007194/downloads/20170007194.pdf
- [3] https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20170007194/downloads/20170007194.pdf
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis is a pure Current Affairs question with zero static book overlap. It rewards scanning Science & Tech headlines for major global agencies (NASA, ESA, ISRO). If you missed the news, the name itself is the only clue—static knowledge won't save you here.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Was Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10) an electric plane that was tested by NASA in 2016?
- Statement 2: Was Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10) a solar-powered two-seater aircraft designed in Japan in 2016?
- Statement 3: Was Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10) a space observatory launched by China in 2016?
- Statement 4: Was Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10) a reusable rocket designed by ISRO in 2016?
- Describes the GL-10 prototype as a battery-powered / electric concept developed at NASA Langley.
- Specifies the remotely piloted prototype has eight electric motors on the wings and two electric motors on the tail, confirming electric propulsion and NASA testing.
- Documents actual flight activity of the GL-10 UAV, showing it was flown (tested) by NASA-affiliated activity.
- Provides a specific flight date of September 1, 2015, which indicates testing occurred in 2015 rather than 2016.
Lists specific aerospace events and launches by year (including 2016), illustrating that major aeronautical tests and launches are recorded with year-specific entries.
A student could use this pattern to look for a similarly dated entry or press release from NASA or aerospace records for 2016 mentioning GL-10.
Describes basic experimental setups with batteries and electric current, showing textbooks treat small-scale electric propulsion/electric experiments explicitly.
A student could infer that an 'electric plane' would be discussed in contexts mentioning batteries/electric propulsion and therefore search 2016 NASA materials for those keywords linked to GL-10.
States that lightning poses a hazard to aircraft, indicating safety and environmental concerns are commonly noted when discussing aircraft tests.
A student might check NASA test reports from 2016 for discussions of aircraft hazards or environmental testing that could mention GL-10 if it were tested then.
- Explicitly identifies GL-10 as a hybrid diesel-electric tiltwing unmanned aircraft, not a manned two-seater.
- Lists national origin as United States and introduction date earlier than 2016.
- Describes development by NASA (U.S.) and hybrid diesel/electric power — contradicts 'solar-powered' and 'designed in Japan'.
- States the vehicle is remotely piloted with a 10-foot prototype wingspan, indicating unmanned testing rather than a two-seat manned design.
- Describes GL-10 as an aircraft configuration designed, fabricated and flight tested at the small unmanned aerial system (UAS) scale.
- Notes VTOL capability and NASA authorship, further refuting the claim of a 2016 Japan-designed solar-powered two-seater.
Defines photovoltaic cells converting sun rays into energy and names photovoltaics as an effective route to tap solar energy.
A student could use this to judge plausibility that an aircraft could be solar-powered by checking whether photovoltaics were small/light/power-dense enough circa 2016 to support an aircraft like a two-seater.
Gives quantitative potential of solar energy incident on land (kWh per sq. m per day), a basis for estimating energy available to solar panels.
A student could combine these insolation figures with typical panel efficiency and aircraft wing area to estimate if solar alone could power a two-seat plane in 2016.
Notes global/Indian solar PV manufacturing capacity and that shortfall is met by imports (mainly from China).
One could infer supply chains and likely sources of PV technology in 2016 — useful to assess whether a Japan-designed solar aircraft would plausibly rely on domestic or imported panels.
Lists solar energy among renewable sources and states national targets for solar capacity, showing policy/technology emphasis on solar.
A student might use this to argue that by 2016 solar technology was prominent enough to inspire experimental solar aircraft projects, prompting a check of project origins/dates.
Mentions a change in Indian civil aviation policy in 2016, establishing that 2016 was a notable year for aviation regulation.
A student could treat 2016 as a reference year and cross-check timelines of aviation/aircraft projects (like GL-10) to see if design/publication dates align with that year.
- Defines GL-10 explicitly as an aircraft configuration, not a space observatory.
- Describes GL-10 capabilities (cruise-efficient airplane with VTOL) inconsistent with a space observatory launched by China.
- States GL-10 is a hybrid diesel-electric tiltwing unmanned aircraft.
- Identifies national origin as United States and first flight in 2014, contradicting the claim of a 2016 Chinese space launch.
- Describes GL-10 as a remotely piloted plane with a 10-foot wingspan and electric motors, a prototype tested by NASA.
- Confirms aircraft nature and NASA involvement, not a Chinese space observatory launched in 2016.
Lists named satellites and launch events for 2016 (e.g., PSLV C35 launched Cartosat 2; GSLV F05 launched INSAT-3DR), showing which craft were recorded that year.
A student could compare a comprehensive 2016 launch list (from world launch records) to see if any entry named GL-10 appears, or if launches that year used different naming conventions.
Provides examples of satellite naming conventions used by ISRO (CARTOSAT, SRE-1, etc.), illustrating typical national naming patterns.
Use the pattern to judge whether 'GL-10' fits common national/agency naming schemes (e.g., GSAT/INSAT/Cartosat for India) and to search agency lists for matching prefixes.
Chronology of Indian launches and satellite names across years, implying that major launches and observatories are commonly documented in such lists.
A student could consult similar chronological launch records worldwide for 2016 to check for a GL-10 entry and its launching nation.
States that China is a major space spender (~US$11 billion in 2019–20), indicating China is an active space actor that could plausibly launch observatories.
Combine this general fact with external launch databases for 2016 to see whether China launched any observatory named GL-10 that year.
Describes major global space programme trends and typical areas of activity (launch vehicles, satellites, production), implying launches are traceable by vehicle and satellite type.
A student might use known 2016 launch-vehicle logs and manufacturer/agency records to verify if GL-10 appears and which country launched it.
- Explicitly identifies GL-10 as an aircraft configuration with VTOL capability, not a rocket.
- Document is from NASA, indicating NASA involvement rather than ISRO.
- Describes GL-10 as a hybrid diesel-electric tiltwing unmanned aircraft, directly contradicting it being a rocket.
- Shows introduction and first flight dates earlier than 2016 (introduction 2014, first flight 2014 tethered).
- Refers to GL-10 as a UAV and records a flight/mishap in 2015, contradicting the claim it was designed by ISRO in 2016.
- Reinforces that GL-10 is an unmanned aircraft tested by NASA, not a reusable rocket from ISRO.
Describes early indigenous rocket development (Rohini family) and the institutionalisation of ISRO, giving a pattern that India developed its own named rocket families.
A student could compare known ISRO vehicle naming conventions (e.g., Rohini, PSLV, GSLV) and historical lists of ISRO projects to see if a ‘GL-10’ appears in 2016.
Identifies the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) as the ISRO centre that develops rockets and launch vehicle technology.
One could check VSSC project/press lists for 2016 to verify whether it announced or developed a vehicle called GL-10.
Summarises India's continuous intent to indigenise rocket technology and establish distinct launch vehicles over time.
Use this pattern to search ISRO’s catalogue of indigenous launchers and their introduction dates to judge if GL-10 fits that pattern in 2016.
Lists ISRO launch vehicles and mission names in public records (PSLV, GSLV and specific mission codes) showing ISRO publicly uses specific established names/codes for vehicles and missions.
Compare public launch logs and mission lists (2010–2012 examples here) to a 2016 manifest to see if GL-10 appears among official vehicle names.
Notes ISRO’s role in launching payloads for other nations and planning missions (e.g., Mars), indicating public visibility and documentation of major projects.
Given ISRO’s public launches and media coverage, a student could check 2016 public records/press releases to confirm whether a new reusable vehicle named GL-10 was announced.
- [THE VERDICT]: Current Affairs Sitter (if read) / Bouncer (if not). Source: The Hindu S&T page or NASA press releases (2015-16).
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Green Aviation and Electric Propulsion technologies (The shift away from fossil fuels in flight).
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Solar Impulse-2 (Solar flight), ISRO RLV-TD (Reusable Launch Vehicle), X-57 Maxwell (NASA electric plane), Project Loon (Google internet balloons), Aquila (Facebook solar drone).
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Track 'Future Tech' keywords: Electric Planes, Reusable Rockets, Hyperloop. If a major agency (NASA) tests a new paradigm (electric flight), the prototype name becomes a potential question.
The statement mentions an electric aircraft; understanding what lightning is and its electrical intensity is directly relevant to assessing risks to electrically powered or unconventional aircraft.
High-yield for UPSC geography/disaster management: questions often probe causes and characteristics of natural hazards. Mastering the basic physics (voltage, temperatures, energy) helps answer questions on hazard severity, mitigation and impacts on infrastructure/transport. Prepare by studying NCERTs and standard geography texts and practicing application-based questions.
- Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 8: Natural Hazards and Disaster Management > lightning and thunder > p. 54
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 4: Climate of India > Lightning and Thunder > p. 29
The references explicitly note lightning poses a hazard to aircraft, which is directly relevant when evaluating claims about testing aircraft (electric or otherwise) in environments where lightning risk matters.
Important for disaster-management and transport-related UPSC questions: connects natural hazards to aviation safety, regulatory responses and infrastructure resilience. Useful in framing answers on policy/operational implications (e.g., certification, testing conditions). Study case examples, official safety guidelines, and syllabus chapters on natural hazards.
- Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 8: Natural Hazards and Disaster Management > lightning and thunder > p. 54
- Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 25: Thunderstorm > Lightning From Cloud To Earth > p. 349
Understanding protection measures and the behaviour of ground currents informs assessment of how man-made systems (including aircraft on ground or installations) mitigate lightning risks.
Relevant for disaster risk reduction and infrastructure resilience questions in UPSC: shows link between physical hazard and engineering/administrative solutions. Learn common mitigation measures, their principles and limits from NCERT and environment/disaster-management texts.
- Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 6: Pressure, Winds, Storms, and Cyclones > Ever heard of ... > p. 92
- Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 25: Thunderstorm > Lightning From Cloud To Earth > p. 349
The references distinguish the two main routes for converting solar radiation (photovoltaics and solar thermal), which is fundamental when evaluating claims about 'solar-powered' vehicles or devices.
High-yield for UPSC: understanding the technical difference helps answer questions on renewable technology choice, deployment limits, and suitability for applications (e.g., power generation vs direct-heat uses). Connects to energy policy, infrastructure and technology adoption questions. Prepare by comparing principles, typical applications, advantages/limitations, and policy implications using NCERT or standard energy sources.
- INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Mineral and Energy Resources > Solar Energy > p. 61
- Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 22: Renewable Energy > zz.r.3 Potential of solar energy in India > p. 288
Several references describe India’s scaling-up of solar targets and policy frameworks (e.g., revised National Solar Mission targets), relevant when judging statements about large-scale support for solar technologies.
Important for UPSC: questions often test knowledge of national renewable targets, policy changes and their implications for infrastructure and technology adoption. Links to topics on energy security, climate policy and public investment. Study official mission documents, timelines of target revisions, and major scheme components to answer policy- and governance-oriented questions.
- Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 23: India and Climate Change > Mission targets > p. 302
- Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 22: Renewable Energy > Renewabte energy comprises of > p. 287
Evidence on domestic PV manufacturing capacity versus demand and reliance on imports is relevant when assessing feasibility and supply-chain constraints for solar-powered projects or vehicles.
Relevant for UPSC because examination items probe industrial capacity, trade dependencies and policy measures to promote domestic manufacturing. Connects to manufacturing policy, trade, and renewable energy deployment. Focus preparation on government reports/statistics, capacity vs demand figures, and policy incentives to build domestic manufacturing.
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 15: Infrastructure > Solar Photovoltaics Manufacturing in India > p. 451
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 15: Infrastructure > Solar Energy Sector > p. 449
Verifying a claim about a specific craft (GL-10) requires checking launch-year and which country conducted the launch; several references list launches by year and country (India).
High-yield for UPSC: questions often ask about major space missions, their years and national attribution. Mastering timeline interpretation helps quickly verify or refute statements about launches. Prepare by compiling chronological lists of major missions and cross-checking launch vehicles and launch sites.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Major Events > p. 58
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Major Events > p. 57
Solar Impulse 2. It was the major 'Solar Plane' news of 2015-16 (circumnavigating the globe). Knowing Solar Impulse 2 allows you to confidently eliminate Option B (Solar-powered aircraft designed by Japan), as the famous solar plane was Swiss.
Linguistic Intuition Hack: 'Greased Lightning' is an American English idiom (meaning very fast). China names missions after mythology (Chang'e, Tiangong). Japan uses nature terms (Kounotori, Hayabusa). ISRO uses Sanskrit (Chandrayaan) or functional acronyms (RLV-TD). An idiomatic English name strongly points to [A] NASA.
Mains GS-3 (Science & Tech / Environment): The transition to 'Green Aviation' is critical for meeting climate goals (Paris Agreement). Electric propulsion reduces aviation emissions, a key point for essays on sustainable transport.