Question map
India is an important member of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor'. If this experiment succeeds, what is the immediate advantage for India?
Explanation
The correct answer is option D. The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is a major international effort that aims to demonstrate magnetic containment of sustained, self-heated plasma under fusion temperatures.[1] While the scientific feasibility of fusion energy has been proven, technical feasibility remains to be demonstrated in experimental facilities.[2] If ITER succeeds in demonstrating this technical feasibility, the immediate advantage for India would be the ability to build fusion reactors for power generation. Commercialization of fusion-power production is thought to become viable by about 2050, assuming initial demonstration is successful.[3]
Options A, B, and C are incorrect because they are unrelated to ITER's objectives. ITER is focused on fusion energy, not thorium-based fission reactors (option A), satellite navigation (option B), or improving existing fission reactor efficiency (option C). The successful demonstration of fusion technology through ITER would directly enable participating countries like India to develop their own fusion power capabilities.
Sources- [1] https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar4-wg3-chapter4-1.pdf
- [2] https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar4-wg3-chapter4-1.pdf
- [3] https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar4-wg3-chapter4-1.pdf
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Guest previewThis is a 'Definition & Purpose' question masquerading as an analysis question. You didn't need to know the engineering timeline of ITER, only that ITER = Fusion. The options mix up Fission (Thorium), Space (Satellites), and Fusion. It tests basic scientific literacy: can you distinguish the goal of a project from unrelated technologies?
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: If the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) experiment succeeds, will it immediately allow India to use thorium in place of uranium for power generation?
- Statement 2: If the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) experiment succeeds, will it immediately enable India to attain a global role in satellite navigation?
- Statement 3: If the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) experiment succeeds, will it immediately enable India to drastically improve the efficiency of its nuclear fission reactors for power generation?
- Statement 4: If the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) experiment succeeds, will it immediately allow India to build fusion reactors for power generation?
- States ITER's purpose is to demonstrate fusion plasma containment and that technical feasibility remains to be demonstrated.
- Says commercialization of fusion power is expected only around 2050 even if initial demonstration succeeds, implying no immediate fuel-cycle change for fission reactors (thorium replacement).
- Describes ITER as aimed at proving that fusion could produce useful energy, i.e., ITER is a fusion demonstration device.
- Focus on demonstrating and testing fusion power-plant conditions, not on developing or enabling a thorium-based fission fuel cycle.
States that thorium was used for breeding nuclear fuel (uranium) and is associated with specific reactor use, implying thorium typically requires fuel-cycle steps (breeding/processing) to be a reactor fuel.
A student could combine this with the basic fact that ITER is a fusion experiment and ask whether success in fusion directly removes the need for thorium fuel-cycle infrastructure (it does not), to judge immediacy.
Says India is largely dependent on other countries for the supply of uranium, highlighting that fuel supply and international relationships affect reactor fuel use.
A student could infer that switching fuels depends on supply chains and agreements, so ITER success alone would not instantly change import/deployment realities.
Describes geographic occurrence of thorium (monazite/ilmenite in beach sands) showing domestic resource availability but also that thorium is found in specific minerals needing extraction.
A student could combine this with the basic idea that resource presence still requires mining and processing capacity before thorium can replace uranium commercially.
Notes uranium and thorium are both used for generating nuclear power, indicating thorium is an alternative fuel but not necessarily a drop-in replacement.
A student might use the basic fact that different fuels often need different reactor types or fuel-cycle steps to question whether ITER success (in fusion) would immediately permit swapping fuels in existing fission reactors.
Explains IAEA's role in promoting peaceful use and inspecting civilian reactors, pointing to regulatory and international oversight factors in nuclear fuel use.
A student could reason that even technological breakthroughs interact with regulatory/inspection regimes, so policy and safeguards could delay any immediate fuel transition.
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