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Q79 (IAS/2016) Science & Technology › New Materials, Energy & Environment-linked Tech › Nuclear energy technologies Official Key

India is an important member of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor'. If this experiment succeeds, what is the immediate advantage for India?

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: D
Explanation

The correct answer is option D. The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is a major international effort that aims to demonstrate magnetic containment of sustained, self-heated plasma under fusion temperatures.[1] While the scientific feasibility of fusion energy has been proven, technical feasibility remains to be demonstrated in experimental facilities.[2] If ITER succeeds in demonstrating this technical feasibility, the immediate advantage for India would be the ability to build fusion reactors for power generation. Commercialization of fusion-power production is thought to become viable by about 2050, assuming initial demonstration is successful.[3]

Options A, B, and C are incorrect because they are unrelated to ITER's objectives. ITER is focused on fusion energy, not thorium-based fission reactors (option A), satellite navigation (option B), or improving existing fission reactor efficiency (option C). The successful demonstration of fusion technology through ITER would directly enable participating countries like India to develop their own fusion power capabilities.

Sources
  1. [1] https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar4-wg3-chapter4-1.pdf
  2. [2] https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar4-wg3-chapter4-1.pdf
  3. [3] https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar4-wg3-chapter4-1.pdf
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Q. India is an important member of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor'. If this experiment succeeds, what is the immediate…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 10/10
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Statement 1
If the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) experiment succeeds, will it immediately allow India to use thorium in place of uranium for power generation?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 4/5
"Commercialization of fusion-power production is thought to become viable by about 2050, assuming initial demonstration is successful."
Why this source?
  • States ITER's purpose is to demonstrate fusion plasma containment and that technical feasibility remains to be demonstrated.
  • Says commercialization of fusion power is expected only around 2050 even if initial demonstration succeeds, implying no immediate fuel-cycle change for fission reactors (thorium replacement).
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"with the aim of proving that fusion could produce useful energy."
Why this source?
  • Describes ITER as aimed at proving that fusion could produce useful energy, i.e., ITER is a fusion demonstration device.
  • Focus on demonstrating and testing fusion power-plant conditions, not on developing or enabling a thorium-based fission fuel cycle.

Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 9: Distribution of World Natural Resources > thorium > p. 40
Strength: 5/5
“Torium is a by-product of the extraction of rare earths from monazite sands. Torium was used for the breeding of nuclear fuel uranium. It is used as a nuclear fuel in aircraft engines. Torium is a very efective radiation shield. India's Kakrapara-1 reactor is the world's frst reactor which uses thorium. Australia, USA, and India have large deposits of thorium, followed by Canada, Brazil, South Africa and Turkey.”
Why relevant

States that thorium was used for breeding nuclear fuel (uranium) and is associated with specific reactor use, implying thorium typically requires fuel-cycle steps (breeding/processing) to be a reactor fuel.

How to extend

A student could combine this with the basic fact that ITER is a fusion experiment and ask whether success in fusion directly removes the need for thorium fuel-cycle infrastructure (it does not), to judge immediacy.

Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 6: Environmental Degradation and Management > iii) nuclear Energy > p. 52
Strength: 4/5
“(iii) nuclear Energy Looking at the increasing demand of energy and the exhaustible nature of fossil fuels, nuclear energy development has become of great signifcance in most of the big and small countries of the world. It is also a source of green energy. Nuclear energy is produced from uranium and thorium. Although, India is largely dependent on other countries for the supply of uranium, it has 27 nuclear power plants generating about 4 per cent of the energy supply of the country.”
Why relevant

Says India is largely dependent on other countries for the supply of uranium, highlighting that fuel supply and international relationships affect reactor fuel use.

How to extend

A student could infer that switching fuels depends on supply chains and agreements, so ITER success alone would not instantly change import/deployment realities.

INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Mineral and Energy Resources > Nuclear Energy Resources > p. 61
Strength: 4/5
“Nuclear energy has emerged as a viable source in recent times. Important minerals used for the generation of nuclear energy are uranium and thorium. Uranium deposits occur in the Dharwar rocks. Geographically, uranium ores are known to occur in several locations along the Singbhum Copper belt. It is also found in Udaipur, Alwar and Jhunjhunu districts of Rajasthan, Durg district of Chhattisgarh, Bhandara district of Maharashtra and Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. Thorium is mainly obtained from monazite and ilmenite in the beach sands along the coast of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. World's richest monazite deposits occur in Palakkad and Kollam districts of Kerala, near Vishakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh and Mahanadi river delta in Odisha.”
Why relevant

Describes geographic occurrence of thorium (monazite/ilmenite in beach sands) showing domestic resource availability but also that thorium is found in specific minerals needing extraction.

How to extend

A student could combine this with the basic idea that resource presence still requires mining and processing capacity before thorium can replace uranium commercially.

NCERT. (2022). Contemporary India II: Textbook in Geography for Class X (Revised ed.). NCERT. > Chapter 5: Print Culture and the Modern World > Nuclear or Atomic Energy > p. 117
Strength: 3/5
“It is obtained by altering the structure of atoms. When such an alteration is made, much energy is released in the form of heat and this is used to generate electric power. Uranium and Thorium, which are available in Jharkhand and the Aravalli ranges of Rajasthan are used for generating atomic or nuclear power. The Monazite sands of Kerala is also rich in Thorium. Locate the 6 nuclear power stations and find out the state in which they are located.”
Why relevant

Notes uranium and thorium are both used for generating nuclear power, indicating thorium is an alternative fuel but not necessarily a drop-in replacement.

How to extend

A student might use the basic fact that different fuels often need different reactor types or fuel-cycle steps to question whether ITER success (in fusion) would immediately permit swapping fuels in existing fission reactors.

Contemporary World Politics, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: International Organisations > IAEA > p. 58
Strength: 3/5
“The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was established in 1957. It came into being to implement US President Dwight Eisenhower's "Atoms for Peace" proposal. It seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to prevent its use for military purposes. IAEA teams regularly inspect nuclear facilities all over the world to ensure that civilian reactors are not being used for military purposes. peacekeeping efforts is a long and substantial one. The country's economic emergence on the world stage is another factor that perhaps justifies India's claim to a permanent seat in the Security Council. India has also made regular financial contributions to the UN and never faltered on its payments.”
Why relevant

Explains IAEA's role in promoting peaceful use and inspecting civilian reactors, pointing to regulatory and international oversight factors in nuclear fuel use.

How to extend

A student could reason that even technological breakthroughs interact with regulatory/inspection regimes, so policy and safeguards could delay any immediate fuel transition.

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

IAS · 2007 · Q2 Relevance score: 1.96

Recently, the European Union and other six countries including India signed the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) Project. Which one of the following was not a signatory to it?

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Consider the following statements: 1. The Nuclear Suppliers Group has 24 countries as its members. 2. India is a member of the Nuclear Suppliers Group. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

CAPF · 2010 · Q61 Relevance score: -2.23

Consider the following statements : 1. Nuclear power is the fourth largest source of electricity in India after thermal, hydro and renewable sources. 2. India is a non-signatory of the Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty. 3. India is a member of Nuclear Suppliers Group. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct ?