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Q67 (IAS/2017) Environment & Ecology › Biodiversity & Protected Areas › Flagship species ecology Official Key

If you want to see gharials in their natural habitat, which one of the following is the best place to visit ?

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: B
Explanation

The correct answer is option B - Chambal River.

The gharial is a critically endangered species found in India, specifically in the Chambal River and Girwa river[1]. The Gangetic gharial has been reintroduced in the rivers of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan where it had become extinct[2], and these ravines are found in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh in the lower course of the Chambal River, where the National Chambal Sanctuary was established in 1979[3]. The Chambal River provides the natural freshwater habitat that gharials require.

The other options are incorrect: Bhitarkanika Mangroves are known for saltwater crocodiles, not gharials. Pulicat Lake is primarily a bird sanctuary, and Deepor Beel is a freshwater lake in Assam but not a known gharial habitat. Gharials are freshwater crocodilians with distinctive slender snouts adapted for fish-eating, and the Chambal River system remains one of their most important natural habitats in India.

Sources
  1. [1] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 11: Schedule Animals of WPA 1972 > ENVIRONMENT > p. 177
  2. [2] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 8: Biodiversity > Modes of Conservation > p. 146
  3. [3] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Chambal Ravines > p. 14
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Q. If you want to see gharials in their natural habitat, which one of the following is the best place to visit ? [A] Bhitarkanika Mangroves…
At a glance
Origin: Books + Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 2.5/10 · 2.5/10
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This is a classic 'Species-Habitat' mapping question found in every standard Environment text (Shankar IAS/NCERT). It tests the fundamental distinction between India's three crocodilian types: Riverine (Gharial), Estuarine (Saltwater Crocodile), and Marsh/Lake (Mugger). The keyword 'best place' points to the primary stronghold (Chambal), not just historical range.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Is the Bhitarkanika Mangroves in India a natural habitat of the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus)?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > MAngrove (forests). > p. 51
Strength: 5/5
“• Name: 1. Asthamudi Wetland; District/State: Kerala; Year: 19.08.02; Area in sq km: 614 • Name: 2. Bhitarkanika Mangroves; District/State: Odisha; Year: 19.08.02; Area in sq km: 650 • Name: 3. Bhoj Wetland; District/State: Madhya Pradesh; Year: 19.08.02; Area in sq km: 32 • Name: 4. Chandratal Wetland; District/State: Himachal Pradesh; Year: 08.11.05; Area in sq km: 49 • Name: 5. Chilka Lake; District/State: Odisha; Year: 08.11.05; Area in sq km: 1165 • Name: 6. Deepor-Beel; District/State: Assam; Year: 19.08.02; Area in sq km: 40 • Name: 7. East Kolkata Wetland; District/State: West Bengal; Year: 19.08.02; Area in sq km: 125 • Name: 8.”
Why relevant

Identifies Bhitarkanika as a major mangrove area in Odisha (gives precise site and nature: mangrove/estuarine habitat).

How to extend

A student could locate Bhitarkanika on a map and note it is an estuarine/mangrove system (coastal), then compare that setting to known gharial habitat requirements.

Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > Major Mangroves of India > p. 52
Strength: 4/5
“Several parts of this mangrove have been cleared for paddy cultivation. Bhitarkanika along the coast of Odisha is the second largest mangrove of India, followed by the Godavari-Krishna mangrove. Te other important mangroves of India are Coondapur (Karnataka), Point Calimere and Pichavaram (Tamil Nadu), Loringa (Andhra Pradesh).”
Why relevant

States Bhitarkanika is the second largest mangrove of India, reinforcing its importance as a coastal/estuarine mangrove area.

How to extend

Use this to reinforce that Bhitarkanika is coastal (likely brackish/tidal), then check whether gharials inhabit coastal/estuarine vs freshwater riverine systems.

CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife > Mangrove Forests > p. 43
Strength: 3/5
“mangroves are the common varieties with roots of the plants submerged under water. The deltas of the Ganga, the Mahanadi, the Krishna, the Godavari and the Kaveri are covered by such vegetation. In the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta, sundari trees are found, which provide durable hard timber. Palm, coconut, keora, agar, etc., also grow in some parts of the delta. Royal Bengal Tiger is the famous animal in these forests. Turtles, crocodiles, gharials and snakes are also found in these forests. Let us discuss : What will happen if plants and animals disappear from the earth's surface? Can the human beings survive under such a situation?”
Why relevant

NCERT lists mangrove-associated fauna generally and explicitly includes 'gharial' among animals found in these forests (a general rule/example that gharials can be mentioned with mangrove deltas).

How to extend

A student could treat this as a general association and then test whether that association applies to specific mangroves (e.g., Bhitarkanika) by checking species distributions or salinity tolerances.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 11: Schedule Animals of WPA 1972 > ENVIRONMENT > p. 177
Strength: 5/5
“No.: 32.; Common Name: Gharial; Category: Critically endangered; Range Description: India - Chambal River, Girwa river. Pop - Son River Bihar, U.P.; Habitat & Ecology: Terrestrial, Fresh Water; Major threat: Alternation of habitat, Fishing, Agriculture, grazing, utilization No.: 33.; Common Name: Hogdeer; Category: Endangered; Range Description: Pakistan, North & North Eastern India east across non-sundalic region Marginally - Southern China; Habitat & Ecology: 1 0000 000 All Rights Reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced in any form or by any means, without permission in writing. \overline{\phantom{a}} \lambda 177”
Why relevant

Gives a more specific range and habitat description for gharial: lists rivers (Chambal, Girwa, Son) and labels habitat as 'Terrestrial, Fresh Water' implying preference for freshwater river systems.

How to extend

Compare these named freshwater riverine ranges to coastal mangrove locations like Bhitarkanika to see if known gharial populations overlap with Odisha's estuarine systems.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 29: Environment Issues and Health Effects > g. Mangrove in lndia State/Union > p. 436
Strength: 3/5
“West Bengal | 1. | Sunderbans • Orissa | 2, | Bhaitarkanika • 3. | Mahanadi • A | Subernarekha • 5. | Devi-Kauda • 6. | Dhamra • ( | 7. | Mangrove Genetic Resources Centre • I | 8. | Chilka • Andhra Pradesh | 9. | Coriuga • to. | East Godavari • 11. | Krishna • Tamil Nadu | 12. | Pichavaram • 13. | Muthupet • rt. | Ramnad • 15. | Pulicat • r6. | Kaznuveli • Andaman & Nicobar | 17. | North Andamans • rS. | Nicobir Kerala | 19. | Vembanad • Territories: ; Col2: alJ.; Mangrove areas: Kannur (Northern Kerala) • Territories: Karnataka; Col2: 27.; Mangrove areas: Coondapur • Territories: ; Col2: aa; Mangrove areas: Dakshin Kannada/ Hannavar • Territories: ; Col2: 23.; Mangrove areas: Karwar • Territories: ; Col2: 24.; Mangrove areas: Manglore Forest Division • Territories: Goa; Col2: 25.; Mangrove areas: Goa • Territories: Maharashtra; Col2: 26. ffi AII Rights Reservecl.”
Why relevant

Lists Bhitarkanika among India's mangrove areas in a statewise inventory (reinforces site identity as mangrove habitat to be evaluated).

How to extend

Use this inventory to compile candidate mangrove sites and then check which of them have documented gharial records or suitable freshwater reaches.

Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

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