Question map
If you want to see gharials in their natural habitat, which one of the following is the best place to visit ?
Explanation
The correct answer is option B - Chambal River.
The gharial is a critically endangered species found in India, specifically in the Chambal River and Girwa river[1]. The Gangetic gharial has been reintroduced in the rivers of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan where it had become extinct[2], and these ravines are found in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh in the lower course of the Chambal River, where the National Chambal Sanctuary was established in 1979[3]. The Chambal River provides the natural freshwater habitat that gharials require.
The other options are incorrect: Bhitarkanika Mangroves are known for saltwater crocodiles, not gharials. Pulicat Lake is primarily a bird sanctuary, and Deepor Beel is a freshwater lake in Assam but not a known gharial habitat. Gharials are freshwater crocodilians with distinctive slender snouts adapted for fish-eating, and the Chambal River system remains one of their most important natural habitats in India.
Sources- [1] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 11: Schedule Animals of WPA 1972 > ENVIRONMENT > p. 177
- [2] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 8: Biodiversity > Modes of Conservation > p. 146
- [3] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Chambal Ravines > p. 14
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Guest previewThis is a classic 'Species-Habitat' mapping question found in every standard Environment text (Shankar IAS/NCERT). It tests the fundamental distinction between India's three crocodilian types: Riverine (Gharial), Estuarine (Saltwater Crocodile), and Marsh/Lake (Mugger). The keyword 'best place' points to the primary stronghold (Chambal), not just historical range.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Is the Bhitarkanika Mangroves in India a natural habitat of the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus)?
- Statement 2: Is the Chambal River in India a natural habitat of the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus)?
- Statement 3: Is Pulicat Lake in India a natural habitat of the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus)?
- Statement 4: Is Deepor Beel in India a natural habitat of the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus)?
Identifies Bhitarkanika as a major mangrove area in Odisha (gives precise site and nature: mangrove/estuarine habitat).
A student could locate Bhitarkanika on a map and note it is an estuarine/mangrove system (coastal), then compare that setting to known gharial habitat requirements.
States Bhitarkanika is the second largest mangrove of India, reinforcing its importance as a coastal/estuarine mangrove area.
Use this to reinforce that Bhitarkanika is coastal (likely brackish/tidal), then check whether gharials inhabit coastal/estuarine vs freshwater riverine systems.
NCERT lists mangrove-associated fauna generally and explicitly includes 'gharial' among animals found in these forests (a general rule/example that gharials can be mentioned with mangrove deltas).
A student could treat this as a general association and then test whether that association applies to specific mangroves (e.g., Bhitarkanika) by checking species distributions or salinity tolerances.
Gives a more specific range and habitat description for gharial: lists rivers (Chambal, Girwa, Son) and labels habitat as 'Terrestrial, Fresh Water' implying preference for freshwater river systems.
Compare these named freshwater riverine ranges to coastal mangrove locations like Bhitarkanika to see if known gharial populations overlap with Odisha's estuarine systems.
Lists Bhitarkanika among India's mangrove areas in a statewise inventory (reinforces site identity as mangrove habitat to be evaluated).
Use this inventory to compile candidate mangrove sites and then check which of them have documented gharial records or suitable freshwater reaches.
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