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Q15 (IAS/2017) History & Culture › National Movement (1857–1947) › Labour movement and legislation Official Key

The Trade Disputes Act of 1929 provided for

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: D
Explanation

The Trade Disputes Act (TDA) of 1929 made compulsory the appointment of Courts of Inquiry and Consultation Boards for settling industrial disputes[2], establishing a tribunal system for dispute resolution. Additionally, the Act made illegal strikes in public utility services like posts, railways, water and electricity, unless each individual worker planning to go on strike gave an advance notice of one month to the administration[2], effectively imposing significant restrictions on strikes. Later amendments between 1947 and 1950 further strengthened this framework by providing for the appointment of conciliation officers and the constitution of the Industrial Court of Arbitration[4]. The Act did not provide for worker participation in management (Option A), nor did it grant arbitrary powers to management (Option B), nor did it involve British Court intervention (Option C). Therefore, Option D correctly identifies both key features of the TDA 1929: a tribunal system and a ban/restriction on strikes.

Sources
  1. [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 32: The Movement of the Working Class > Late 1920s > p. 588
  2. [2] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 32: The Movement of the Working Class > Late 1920s > p. 588
  3. [3] https://webapps.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/1953/53B09_5_engl.pdf
  4. [4] https://webapps.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/1953/53B09_5_engl.pdf
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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. The Trade Disputes Act of 1929 provided for [A] the participation of workers in the management of industries. [B] arbitrary powers to t…
At a glance
Origin: Books + Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 4/10 · 6/10

This is a classic 'Sitter' found directly in standard texts like Spectrum (Rajiv Ahir). It rewards the serious aspirant who didn't skip the 'Working Class Movement' chapter. The question tests specific provisions rather than just the year, signaling that for major colonial Acts, you must memorize the 'What' (provisions), not just the 'When'.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Did the Trade Disputes Act, 1929 (India) provide for the participation of workers in the management of industries?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 1/5
"The nucleus of the Act is the Trade Disputes Act of 1929 but important amendments have been made to it between 19^7 a^d 1950 on the lines of the Indian Industrial Disputes Act 19^7. These amendments relate mainly to the appointment of concilia-tion officers and the constitution of the Industrial Court of Arbitration whose decisions"
Why this source?
  • Explicitly describes the Trade Disputes Act of 1929 as the nucleus for later legislation and identifies its amendments as relating to conciliation officers and an Industrial Court of Arbitration.
  • Shows the Act's focus was on dispute-prevention and settlement machinery rather than worker participation in management.
Web source
Presence: 1/5
"However, no provision was made for any machinery for settlement of disputes. This Act was replaced by the Trade Disputes Act, 1929 in which provision for the"
Why this source?
  • Contrasts the 1920 Act (which lacked machinery for settlement) with the Trade Disputes Act, 1929, indicating the 1929 Act introduced machinery for settlement of disputes.
  • This emphasis on settlement machinery implies the Act provided dispute-resolution institutions rather than provisions for worker participation in management.
Web source
Presence: 1/5
"Section 20 of the Trade Disputes Act which renders him liable to a fine which may extend to 1,000 rupees for every day on which the terms of the award are not carried out."
Why this source?
  • Describes enforcement mechanisms (Section 20 fines) for carrying out awards under the Trade Disputes Act, indicating the Act created adjudicatory and enforcement provisions.
  • Again indicates the Act's concerns were awards, enforcement and dispute settlement rather than instituting worker participation in management.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 32: The Movement of the Working Class > Late 1920s > p. 588
Strength: 5/5
“A strong communist influence on the movement lent a militant and revolutionary content to it. In 1928 there was a six-month-long strike in Bombay Textile Mills led by the Girni Kamgar Union. The whole of 1928 witnessed unprecedented industrial unrest. This period also saw the crystallisation of various communist groups, with leaders like S.A. Dange, Muzaffar Ahmed, P.C. Joshi, Sohan Singh Joshi etc. Alarmed at the increasing strength of the trade union movement under extremist influence, the government resorted to legislative restrictions. It passed the Public Safety Ordinance (1929) and the Trade Disputes Act (TDA), 1929.”
Why relevant

States the government passed the Trade Disputes Act (1929) as a legislative restriction in response to militant trade-union activity, implying a repressive intent toward unions rather than empowerment.

How to extend

A student could infer that a law enacted to curb union power is unlikely to contain explicit provisions promoting worker participation in management and should check the Act's text or contemporary commentary for any management-participation clauses.

History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 5: Period of Radicalism in Anti-imperialist Struggles > Government Repression > p. 63
Strength: 5/5
“Alarmed by this wave of strikes and the spread of communist activities, the British Government brought two draconian Acts - the Trade Disputes Act, 1928 and the Public Safety Bill, 1928. These Acts armed the government with powers to curtail civil liberties in general and suppress the trade union activities in particular. The government was worried about the strong communist influence among the workers and peasants. K.F. Nariman M.C. Chagla. Determined to wipe out the radical movement, the government resorted to several repressive measures. They arrested 32 leading activists of the Communist Party, from different parts of British India like Bombay, Calcutta, Punjab, Poona and United Provinces.”
Why relevant

Describes the Trade Disputes Act (called here 1928) as 'draconian' and designed to curtail civil liberties and suppress trade union activities, again suggesting the Act limited workers' collective power.

How to extend

Use this characterization to look for specific prohibitions or limitations in the Act (e.g., restriction of strikes or union rights) that would be incompatible with formal worker-management participation mechanisms.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 86: Pressure Groups > fl i Trade Unions > p. 602
Strength: 3/5
“The trade unions voice the demands of the industrial workers. They are also known as labour groups. A peculiar feature of trade unions in India is that they are associated either directly or indirectly with different political parties. They include: • (i) All-India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)-affiliated to CPI • (ii) Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC)-affiliated to the Congress • (iii) Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS)-affiliated to the Socialists • (iv) Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU) affilia ted to the CPM • (v) Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS) affiliated to the BJP First Trade Union in India: All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was founded in 1920 with Lajpat Rai as its first President.”
Why relevant

Explains trade unions' role as labour pressure groups and their political affiliations, indicating that worker representation typically operates via unions rather than statutory seats on management boards.

How to extend

A student could compare whether the period's legislation favored suppression of unions (per [3],[6]) rather than creating alternate, statutory worker-representation channels in management.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 8: Inclusive growth and issues > Issues with the current laws and impact on economy: > p. 260
Strength: 3/5
“The Industrial Disputes Act 1947 (ID Act) states that an employer cannot layoff or retrenches any worker or close down operations of the establishment without prior permission from the appropriate government. According to employers and economists it has been a major bottleneck of employment generation in the organized sector. The ID Act (through an amendment made in mid 1980s) requires that any firm employing more than 100 workers needs to get permission from the state government before retrenching workers. In view of these rigidities, the employers have been resorting to technology up-gradation with the intention of keeping their workforce below 100.”
Why relevant

Describes later labour law (Industrial Disputes Act, 1947) imposing government control over layoffs/retrenchments, showing a pattern where labour regulation took the form of state control rather than formal worker participation in management.

How to extend

Extend this pattern by checking whether earlier 1929 legislation also followed a pattern of state/owner control instead of instituting worker-management participation rights.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 21: Congress Rule in Provinces > Congress Rule in Provinces ✫ 415 > p. 415
Strength: 2/5
“● Administrative work by Indians further weakened the myth that Indians were not fit to rule. The Congress ministries resigned in October 1939 after the outbreak of the Second World War. The huge Congress victory in the elections had aroused the hopes of the industrial working class; there was increased militancy and industrial unrest in Bombay, Gujarat, the United Provinces and Bengal at a time when the Congress was drawn into a closer friendship with Indian capitalists. This resulted in what appeared to be an anti-labour shift in Congress attitudes that led to the Bombay Traders Disputes Act in 1938.”
Why relevant

Notes an 'anti-labour shift' in politics that produced legislation (Bombay Traders Disputes Act 1938) unsympathetic to workers, supporting the broader context that interwar legislation tended to restrict rather than empower labour in management.

How to extend

Use the political trend to hypothesize that the 1929 Act likely did not create pro-participation provisions and then verify by consulting the Act's text or historical legislative debates.

Statement 2
Did the Trade Disputes Act, 1929 (India) grant arbitrary powers to management to quell industrial disputes?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 2/5
"the first Trade Disputes Act was enacted which provided for Courts of Inquiry and conciliation Board and prohibited strikes in public utility services without one month’s notice in writing. A strike intended to cause hardship on the com­ munity or to coerce a Government decision was also declared illegal. However, no provision was made for any machinery for settlement of disputes. This Act was replaced by the Trade Disputes Act, 1929 in which provision for the"
Why this source?
  • Describes earlier Trade Disputes legislation providing courts of inquiry and conciliation boards and prohibiting certain strikes — indicating statutory procedures rather than unfettered managerial power.
  • Implies the 1929 Act continued to provide institutional mechanisms for settlement instead of simply empowering management to 'quell' disputes arbitrarily.
Web source
Presence: 2/5
"Section lM- A of the Trade disputes Act prohibits the declaration or the continuance of a strike or lock-out after a matter of dispute has been referred to the industrial court of arbitration."
Why this source?
  • States that the Act (section 1M-A) prohibits declaration or continuance of strikes/lock-outs after reference to the industrial court of arbitration — showing legal restrictions and judicial/administrative process.
  • Presence of such statutory prohibitions and referral procedures points to regulated dispute resolution rather than arbitrary managerial suppression.
Web source
Presence: 2/5
"Section 20 of the Trade Disputes Act which renders him liable to a fine which may extend to 1,000 rupees for every day on which the terms of the award are not carried out."
Why this source?
  • Notes enforcement via Section 20: penalties (fines) for failure to carry out awards — indicating formal legal enforcement mechanisms.
  • This suggests the Act relied on statutory enforcement and adjudication rather than granting unchecked managerial authority to 'quell' disputes.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 32: The Movement of the Working Class > Late 1920s > p. 588
Strength: 5/5
“The TDA, 1929 • made compulsory the appointment of Courts of Inquiry and Consultation Boards for settling industrial disputes;• made illegal the strikes in public utility services like posts, railways, water and electricity, unless each individual worker planning to go on strike gave an advance notice of one month to the administration;• forbade trade union activity of coercive or purely political nature and even sympathetic strikes.”
Why relevant

Describes specific provisions of the TDA (1929): mandatory Courts of Inquiry/Consultation Boards, bans on strikes in public utilities without one month's notice, and prohibition of coercive/political/sympathetic strikes.

How to extend

A student could compare these restrictions on strike action with common definitions of 'arbitrary management power' to judge whether the Act shifted dispute-resolution authority away from workers toward formal authorities/management.

History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 5: Period of Radicalism in Anti-imperialist Struggles > Government Repression > p. 63
Strength: 4/5
“Alarmed by this wave of strikes and the spread of communist activities, the British Government brought two draconian Acts - the Trade Disputes Act, 1928 and the Public Safety Bill, 1928. These Acts armed the government with powers to curtail civil liberties in general and suppress the trade union activities in particular. The government was worried about the strong communist influence among the workers and peasants. K.F. Nariman M.C. Chagla. Determined to wipe out the radical movement, the government resorted to several repressive measures. They arrested 32 leading activists of the Communist Party, from different parts of British India like Bombay, Calcutta, Punjab, Poona and United Provinces.”
Why relevant

Characterises the Trade Disputes Act (given as 1928 here) as 'draconian' and says it armed the government to curtail civil liberties and suppress trade-union activities.

How to extend

One could use this characterization plus knowledge of British colonial priorities to infer the Act’s political intent and then check whether provisions gave employers or administration discretionary powers to break strikes.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 8: Inclusive growth and issues > Issues with the current laws and impact on economy: > p. 260
Strength: 3/5
“The Industrial Disputes Act 1947 (ID Act) states that an employer cannot layoff or retrenches any worker or close down operations of the establishment without prior permission from the appropriate government. According to employers and economists it has been a major bottleneck of employment generation in the organized sector. The ID Act (through an amendment made in mid 1980s) requires that any firm employing more than 100 workers needs to get permission from the state government before retrenching workers. In view of these rigidities, the employers have been resorting to technology up-gradation with the intention of keeping their workforce below 100.”
Why relevant

Shows a later pattern in Indian labour law (Industrial Disputes Act, 1947) where legal rules restrict employer/worker actions (e.g., requiring government permission for retrenchment), indicating a legislative approach that regulated dispute outcomes via authorities.

How to extend

A student could treat this as a broader legal pattern of state-mediated industrial relations and investigate whether the 1929 Act similarly shifted dispute-control to formal/legal mechanisms rather than leaving it to unions.

Statement 3
Did the Trade Disputes Act, 1929 (India) provide for intervention by British courts in the event of a trade dispute?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 4/5
"The nucleus of the Act is the Trade Disputes Act of 1929 but important amendments have been made to it ... These amendments relate mainly to the appointment of conciliation officers and the constitution of the Industrial Court of Arbitration"
Why this source?
  • Explicitly describes the Act's internal dispute-resolution machinery (conciliation officers and an Industrial Court of Arbitration).
  • Shows the Act contemplated domestic institutions to handle disputes rather than mentioning external/British court intervention.
Web source
Presence: 3/5
"Appointment of a Court of Enquiry under section 3 of the Trade Disputes Act"
Why this source?
  • Mentions appointment of a Court of Enquiry under section 3 of the Trade Disputes Act, indicating internal procedures for handling disputes.
  • No reference in this passage to intervention by British courts; it treats dispute resolution as an Act-governed domestic process.
Web source
Presence: 3/5
"In the year 1920 the first Trade Disputes Act was enacted which provided for Courts of Inquiry and conciliation Board ... This Act was replaced by the Trade Disputes Act, 1929 in which provision for the"
Why this source?
  • Describes earlier and successor Acts (1920 Act and the Trade Disputes Act, 1929) as providing Courts of Inquiry and conciliation boards — domestic mechanisms.
  • Passage supports the characterization of the 1929 Act as establishing domestic remedy structures rather than invoking British courts.

History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 5: Period of Radicalism in Anti-imperialist Struggles > Government Repression > p. 63
Strength: 4/5
“Alarmed by this wave of strikes and the spread of communist activities, the British Government brought two draconian Acts - the Trade Disputes Act, 1928 and the Public Safety Bill, 1928. These Acts armed the government with powers to curtail civil liberties in general and suppress the trade union activities in particular. The government was worried about the strong communist influence among the workers and peasants. K.F. Nariman M.C. Chagla. Determined to wipe out the radical movement, the government resorted to several repressive measures. They arrested 32 leading activists of the Communist Party, from different parts of British India like Bombay, Calcutta, Punjab, Poona and United Provinces.”
Why relevant

Says the British Government 'brought two draconian Acts - the Trade Disputes Act, 1928 and the Public Safety Bill, 1928' that 'armed the government with powers to curtail civil liberties ... and suppress the trade union activities' — indicating the Act focused on executive/police powers against unions.

How to extend

A student could use this pattern (legislation granting executive suppression powers) plus knowledge of colonial administrative practice to test whether the Act centralized remedies in government organs rather than enabling foreign/British-court intervention.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 32: The Movement of the Working Class > Late 1920s > p. 588
Strength: 4/5
“A strong communist influence on the movement lent a militant and revolutionary content to it. In 1928 there was a six-month-long strike in Bombay Textile Mills led by the Girni Kamgar Union. The whole of 1928 witnessed unprecedented industrial unrest. This period also saw the crystallisation of various communist groups, with leaders like S.A. Dange, Muzaffar Ahmed, P.C. Joshi, Sohan Singh Joshi etc. Alarmed at the increasing strength of the trade union movement under extremist influence, the government resorted to legislative restrictions. It passed the Public Safety Ordinance (1929) and the Trade Disputes Act (TDA), 1929.”
Why relevant

Notes the government 'resorted to legislative restrictions' and 'passed ... the Trade Disputes Act (TDA), 1929', suggesting the Act was a domestic legislative measure intended to limit union activity rather than to create new external judicial review channels.

How to extend

Combine this with the basic fact that Acts usually specify remedies and forum; a student could check the TDA text or colonial practice to see if it redirected dispute resolution away from courts or left it intact.

History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 5: Period of Radicalism in Anti-imperialist Struggles > Bhagat Singh's Bomb Throwing > p. 64
Strength: 3/5
“The image that comes to our mind at the very mention of Bhagat Singh's name is that of the bomb he threw in the Central Legislative Assembly on April 8, 1929. The bombs did not kill anybody. It was intended as a demonstrative action, an act of protest against the draconian laws of the British. They chose the day on which the Trade Disputes Bill, an anti-labour legislation was introduced in the assembly.”
Why relevant

Mentions the Trade Disputes Bill was introduced in the Assembly and was characterized as 'an anti-labour legislation', implying its purpose was restrictive of labour rights rather than to expand courtroom access, especially by British courts.

How to extend

Using the rule that 'anti-labour' laws often curtail judicial remedies for unions, a student could examine whether the Bill/Act removed or limited judicial intervention (domestic or imperial).

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 8: Inclusive growth and issues > Issues with the current laws and impact on economy: > p. 260
Strength: 3/5
“And it is possible for more than one trade union to be registered in relation to the same employer. The Act empowers trade unions to strike and represent their members in labour courts in disputes with the employers. Because union officials can be outsiders, prospects of such disputes rise with the formation of unions. Firms can thus minimize labour related problems as long as they have fewer workers. The dominance of tiny firms in the apparel sector has something to do with this fact.”
Why relevant

States that an Act 'empowers trade unions to strike and represent their members in labour courts in disputes with the employers', offering an example of how labour law can interact with courts (labour courts) rather than imperial/British courts.

How to extend

A student could contrast this pattern (domestic labour courts handling disputes) with the question of British-court intervention to infer whether colonial practice favored local labour tribunals over direct British judicial intervention.

Statement 4
Did the Trade Disputes Act, 1929 (India) establish a system of tribunals to adjudicate industrial disputes?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 32: The Movement of the Working Class > Late 1920s > p. 588
Presence: 5/5
“The TDA, 1929 • made compulsory the appointment of Courts of Inquiry and Consultation Boards for settling industrial disputes;• made illegal the strikes in public utility services like posts, railways, water and electricity, unless each individual worker planning to go on strike gave an advance notice of one month to the administration;• forbade trade union activity of coercive or purely political nature and even sympathetic strikes.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states the TDA, 1929 "made compulsory the appointment of Courts of Inquiry and Consultation Boards for settling industrial disputes."
  • Names concrete dispute‑settlement bodies created by the Act, directly addressing adjudication/settlement mechanisms.
Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 36: Tribunals > TRIBUNALS FOR OTHER MATTERS > p. 366
Presence: 3/5
“~TRIBUNALS FOR OTHER MATTERS Under Article 323B, the Parliament and the state legislatures are authorised to provide for the establishment of tribunals for the adjudication of disputes relating to the following matters: (a) 1}lx;Hion• (b) Fo reign exchange, import and export• (e) Industrial and labour• (d) Land reforms• (e) Ceiling on urban property• (f) Elections 1O Parl iament a nd state legislatures• (g) Food stuffs• (h) Rent and tenancy rights J Articles 323A and 323B differ in the following three aspects: • 1. While article 323A contemplates establishment of tribunals for public service matters only, Article 323B contemplates establishment of tribunals for certain other matters (mentioned above). • 2.”
Why this source?
  • States that under Article 323B Parliament may provide for tribunals for 'Industrial and labour' disputes, showing the concept of specialized tribunals for such matters.
  • Provides corroborating constitutional context that industrial/labour disputes are normally handled via tribunals or specialized bodies (indirect support).
Statement 5
Did the Trade Disputes Act, 1929 (India) impose a ban on strikes?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 32: The Movement of the Working Class > Late 1920s > p. 588
Presence: 5/5
“The TDA, 1929 • made compulsory the appointment of Courts of Inquiry and Consultation Boards for settling industrial disputes;• made illegal the strikes in public utility services like posts, railways, water and electricity, unless each individual worker planning to go on strike gave an advance notice of one month to the administration;• forbade trade union activity of coercive or purely political nature and even sympathetic strikes.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states the TDA 1929 made illegal strikes in public utility services (posts, railways, water, electricity) except where each worker gave one month's advance notice.
  • Also notes the Act forbade trade union activity of a coercive or purely political nature and 'even sympathetic strikes', indicating specific prohibitions rather than a blanket permissive approach.
  • Mentions procedural measures (Courts of Inquiry and Consultation Boards) that accompanied the restrictions, showing legislative intent to curb strike action in key sectors.
History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 5: Period of Radicalism in Anti-imperialist Struggles > Government Repression > p. 63
Presence: 4/5
“Alarmed by this wave of strikes and the spread of communist activities, the British Government brought two draconian Acts - the Trade Disputes Act, 1928 and the Public Safety Bill, 1928. These Acts armed the government with powers to curtail civil liberties in general and suppress the trade union activities in particular. The government was worried about the strong communist influence among the workers and peasants. K.F. Nariman M.C. Chagla. Determined to wipe out the radical movement, the government resorted to several repressive measures. They arrested 32 leading activists of the Communist Party, from different parts of British India like Bombay, Calcutta, Punjab, Poona and United Provinces.”
Why this source?
  • Describes the Trade Disputes Act (cited here as 1928) as one of the 'draconian Acts' used to suppress trade union activities and curtail civil liberties amid a wave of strikes and communist influence.
  • Provides contextual support that the legislation was intended to restrict strike-related activity and control labour unrest, corroborating the restrictive character of the TDA.
Pattern takeaway: UPSC focuses heavily on the 1927–1931 period because it represents the peak of the 'Revolutionary' and 'Socialist' phase. Questions on this era often link legislative measures (Public Safety Bill, Trade Disputes Act) to political events (Central Assembly Bombing).
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. Direct lift from Spectrum (Chapter: The Movement of the Working Class) or TN Board History Class XII.
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: The rise of Left/Communist influence in the late 1920s (Meerut Conspiracy, Bhagat Singh) prompting legislative repression.
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the timeline of Labour Laws: Factories Act 1881 (Child labour focus), Factories Act 1891 (Women/Children), Trade Unions Act 1926 (Legalized unions, immunity from prosecution), Public Safety Bill 1928 (Deportation of foreigners), Whitley Commission 1929 (Royal Commission on Labour).
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: When studying Colonial Acts, apply the 'Control vs. Reform' filter. Was the Act meant to improve conditions (Reform) or curb the movement (Control)? The 1929 Act was a 'Control' measure (Ban on strikes) disguised with 'Reform' machinery (Tribunals).
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Colonial repressive labour legislation (Trade Disputes Act and Public Safety Ordinance)
💡 The insight

References identify the Trade Disputes Act (1929) and the Public Safety Ordinance as legislative measures used to curb trade-union activity and industrial unrest in the late 1920s.

High-yield for UPSC history/polity: questions often ask about British responses to labour militancy and how legislation impacted civil liberties and trade unions. This concept links labour movement history to colonial law-making and helps answer cause–effect questions (why legislation was passed, what it did). Study primary examples (TDA 1929, Public Safety Ordinance) and their stated purposes and consequences.

📚 Reading List :
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 32: The Movement of the Working Class > Late 1920s > p. 588
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 5: Period of Radicalism in Anti-imperialist Struggles > Government Repression > p. 63
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Trade Disputes Act, 1929 (India) provide for the participation of worker..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Communist influence and industrial unrest in late 1920s
💡 The insight

Evidence links rising communist influence and large strikes (e.g., Bombay textile strikes) to the government's decision to enact repressive labour laws.

Important for modern India topics: explains political context behind labour legislation and colonial repression. Useful for questions on political movements, labour history, and policy responses. Prepare by mapping major strikes, leaders, and legislative outcomes to show causal narratives.

📚 Reading List :
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 32: The Movement of the Working Class > Late 1920s > p. 588
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 32: The Movement of the Working Class > 586 ✫ A Brief History of Modern India > p. 586
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Trade Disputes Act, 1929 (India) provide for the participation of worker..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Evolution of Indian labour legislation (pre- and post-Independence)
💡 The insight

References reference a sequence of labour laws (Trade Unions Act 1926, Trade Disputes/TDA 1929, Industrial Disputes Act 1947, later codes), indicating a trajectory of labour regulation.

Useful for comparative questions on labour law evolution and continuity/change from colonial to independent India. Helps answer policy and contemporary law questions by situating modern codes within historical antecedents. Study timelines, major acts, and their objectives.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 8: Inclusive growth and issues > 4. The Industrial Relations Code, 2020 > p. 264
  • Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 8: Inclusive growth and issues > Issues with the current laws and impact on economy: > p. 260
  • Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 12: Indian Industry > RECENT REFORMS IN INDUSTRIAL LABOUR LAWS > p. 392
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Trade Disputes Act, 1929 (India) provide for the participation of worker..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Provisions of the Trade Disputes Act (late 1920s)
💡 The insight

Reference [1] lists concrete measures introduced by the TDA (compulsory Courts of Inquiry/Consultation Boards; bans on certain strikes; restrictions on political/coercive union activity).

High-yield for questions on colonial labour law and industrial relations: candidates should know specific statutory measures curbing strikes and regulating dispute settlement. Connects to later labour legislation and debates on state vs worker/management authority. Prepare by memorising key provisions and comparing with subsequent acts (e.g., Industrial Disputes Act).

📚 Reading List :
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 32: The Movement of the Working Class > Late 1920s > p. 588
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Trade Disputes Act, 1929 (India) grant arbitrary powers to management to..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Colonial state repression of trade unions
💡 The insight

Reference [5] frames the Trade Disputes Act (cited alongside other measures) as part of 'draconian' laws used to curtail civil liberties and suppress trade-union activity.

Useful for polity/history questions linking legal instruments to political objectives under British rule; helps explain why labour unrest prompted restrictive legislation. Study by linking events (strikes, communist influence) to legislative responses and consequences for the freedom movement.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 5: Period of Radicalism in Anti-imperialist Struggles > Government Repression > p. 63
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Trade Disputes Act, 1929 (India) grant arbitrary powers to management to..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Regulation of strikes in public utility services
💡 The insight

Reference [1] specifically notes prohibition of strikes in public utilities without one-month advance notice by each striker.

Important for understanding how essential services were legally insulated from industrial action — a frequent examination angle when comparing colonial and post-colonial labour laws. Learn by contrasting such specific restrictions with protections/limits in later labour codes.

📚 Reading List :
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 32: The Movement of the Working Class > Late 1920s > p. 588
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Trade Disputes Act, 1929 (India) grant arbitrary powers to management to..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 Trade Disputes Act (1928/1929) — colonial anti‑labour legislation
💡 The insight

References explicitly refer to the Trade Disputes Bill/Act as an anti‑labour or repressive law introduced by the British government in 1928–1929.

High‑yield for history and polity questions on colonial legislation and labour unrest: explains legislative response to strikes and the labour movement, links to broader themes of civil liberties and nationalist resistance (e.g., Bhagat Singh). Prepare by memorising timelines, purposes of key Acts, and their political impact; useful for questions on causes/effects and continuity between legislation and protest.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 5: Period of Radicalism in Anti-imperialist Struggles > Bhagat Singh's Bomb Throwing > p. 64
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 5: Period of Radicalism in Anti-imperialist Struggles > Government Repression > p. 63
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 32: The Movement of the Working Class > Late 1920s > p. 588
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Trade Disputes Act, 1929 (India) provide for intervention by British cou..."
🌑 The Hidden Trap

The 'Twin' of this Act: The Public Safety Bill, 1928. It was introduced to deport foreigners suspected of propagating socialist ideas. Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly specifically to protest the passing of the Trade Disputes Bill and the Public Safety Bill.

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

Apply 'Anachronism Check': Option [A] (Worker participation in management) is a Directive Principle (Article 43A) added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976—it is far too progressive for a repressive 1929 British law. Option [C] (British Court intervention) is administratively absurd; the British built local institutions to handle local problems. Option [D] combines 'Bureaucracy' (Tribunals) and 'Order' (Ban on strikes), fitting the colonial modus operandi perfectly.

🔗 Mains Connection

Mains GS-3 (Labour Reforms): The 'Tribunals' system established in 1929 is the direct ancestor of the adjudication machinery in the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, and the modern Industrial Relations Code, 2020. Trace the shift from 'Colonial Suppression' to 'State Mediation'.

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

CDS-II · 2019 · Q97 Relevance score: -0.54

Which one among the following is not a part of the fundamental Rights (Part 111) of the Constitu- tion of India ?

NDA-I · 2011 · Q65 Relevance score: -2.12

The Rowlatt Act was passed to

NDA-II · 2014 · Q89 Relevance score: -2.90

The Factory Act of 1891 in India was enacted to