Which of the following statements is/are true of the Fundamental Duties of an Indian citizen ? 1. A legislative process has been provided to enforce these duties. 2. They are correlative to legal duties. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Identifies Article 51A (Part IVA) as the constitutional source listing Fundamental Duties — shows duties are constitutional provisions introduced by amendment.

A student could check whether placing duties in the Constitution implies accompanying enforcement provisions or leaves enforcement to ordinary legislation or other mechanisms.

States the Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Amendment (and later one by the 86th) — an example of the legislature using amendment power to create duties.

A student could use this pattern to ask whether the same or other legislative acts (ordinary laws) were enacted to operationalise those duties after the amendments.

Explains that the Constitution contains explicit provisions for enforcement of Fundamental Rights (e.g., judicial power under Article 13) — showing a model of how constitutional guarantees can be enforced.

By analogy, a student could examine whether a similar specific enforcement mechanism (judicial remedy or legislative sanction) is provided for Article 51A.

States that most parts of the Constitution (including Fundamental Rights) can be amended by Article 368 — demonstrating that substantive constitutional change is achieved via a formal legislative-amendment process.

A student might infer that additions (like Article 51A) came through Article 368 and then investigate whether Article 51A itself or subsequent laws include procedural/legislative enforcement provisions.

Records recommendations (National Commission / Justice Verma Committee) to 'operationalise' and 'popularise' Fundamental Duties and suggests specific duties to be added — indicating active consideration of measures to make duties effective.

A student could follow this lead to look for legislative proposals, rules, or administrative measures that those recommendations prompted to enforce duties.

Explicitly states there is no provision in the Constitution for direct enforcement of Fundamental Duties and no sanction for their violation, but suggests courts may treat laws implementing them as 'reasonable'.

A student could check case law and Article 14/19 jurisprudence to see whether courts have upheld statutes based on Fundamental Duties as a basis for enforceability.

Quotes Article 51A and lists the duties, showing these are constitutional obligations placed in Part IVA (Fundamental Duties).

A student could combine this with knowledge of constitutional enforcement mechanisms (justiciability of different Parts and Articles) to judge whether Article 51A by itself creates legal remedies.

States rights and duties are 'correlative and inseparable' but notes the original Constitution had only Fundamental Rights; duties were later added (inspired by USSR).

A student can use this historical origin to infer intent: since duties were a later addition and modeled on non-democratic constitutions, investigate legislative intent and amendment context to assess enforceability.

Describes Fundamental Duties as a 'reminder' and a 'warning' against antisocial acts, implying a moral/normative role rather than a directly enforceable legal sanction.

Combine this normative description with knowledge of how courts treat policy directives vs. justiciable rights to evaluate whether duties are likely to be treated as legally enforceable.

Presents an exam-style assertion that 'They are correlative to legal duties,' showing there is at least a view/question in study materials equating duties with legal correlative duties.

A student could contrast this textbook/test assertion with constitutional text and judicial statements (e.g., snippet 9) to test the accuracy of that claim.