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Q87 (IAS/2017) Science & Technology › Space & Defence Technology › Space astronomy missions Official Key

What is the purpose of 'evolved Laser Interferometer Space "Antenna (eLISA)' project ?

Result
Your answer: —  Âˇ  Correct: B
Explanation

LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) was proposed to ESA in the early 1990s[3], and eLISA (evolved LISA) represents the evolution of this mission concept. The primary purpose of the eLISA project is to detect gravitational waves from space. Gravitational waves are ripples in spacetime caused by massive cosmic events such as merging black holes and neutron stars. Unlike ground-based detectors like LIGO, a space-based interferometer can detect low-frequency gravitational waves that cannot be observed from Earth due to seismic noise and other limitations. The project uses laser interferometry across millions of kilometers in space to measure tiny distortions in spacetime caused by passing gravitational waves. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they refer to entirely different scientific or defense purposes—neutrino detection, missile defense systems, and solar flare effects—which are unrelated to the laser interferometry mission designed for gravitational wave astronomy.

Sources
  1. [1] https://www.cosmos.esa.int/documents/15452792/15452811/LISA_DEFINITION_STUDY_REPORT_ESA-SCI-DIR-RP-002_Public+%281%29.pdf
  2. [2] https://www.cosmos.esa.int/documents/15452792/15452811/LISA_DEFINITION_STUDY_REPORT_ESA-SCI-DIR-RP-002_Public+%281%29.pdf
  3. [3] https://www.cosmos.esa.int/documents/15452792/15452811/LISA_DEFINITION_STUDY_REPORT_ESA-SCI-DIR-RP-002_Public+%281%29.pdf
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PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
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Q. What is the purpose of 'evolved Laser Interferometer Space "Antenna (eLISA)' project ? [A] To detect neutrinos [B] To detect gravitatio…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 ¡ 2.5/10
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This is a classic 'Headline-to-Syllabus' question. The 2015/2016 detection of Gravitational Waves by LIGO was the decade's biggest physics news. UPSC didn't ask about LIGO directly here; they asked about the *next* step (eLISA). If a topic wins a Nobel or breaks headlines, study its future roadmap.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Is the purpose of the evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA) project to detect neutrinos?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 1: The Universe, The Big Bang Theory, Galaxies & Stellar Evolution > Gravitational Waves > p. 5
Strength: 5/5
“• While the processes that generate gravitational waves can be extremely violent and destructive, by the time the waves reach Earth, they are billions of times smaller. In 2015, The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), USA, physically sensed the distortions in spacetime caused by passing gravitational waves generated by two colliding black holes nearly 1.3 billion light-years away!”
Why relevant

Gives a concrete example (LIGO) of a laser interferometer being used to sense distortions in spacetime (gravitational waves).

How to extend

A student can note that laser interferometers are used to detect gravitational waves and therefore would suspect eLISA (a laser interferometer in space) is aimed at gravitational waves rather than neutrinos.

Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 11: Light: Shadows and Reflections > Activity 11.1: Let us investigate > p. 156
Strength: 3/5
“Caution — Use a laser only under teachers' supervision. Avoid using high-power lasers for this activity; a low-power laser pointer is suffi cient. Never point the laser beam directly at anyone's eyes, as it can cause serious eye damage. Pass a laser beam through a beaker fi lled with water in which a drop of milk is added to make the laser beam easily visible. What do you observe? Do you see that the beam of laser light inside water follows a straight path? However, light can sometimes even bend around corners! This is something you will learn in the higher grades.”
Why relevant

Explains lasers as beams of light and gives practical context for laser use (optical phenomena), distinguishing laser photons from other particles.

How to extend

A student can use this to recall that lasers detect/measure light-based effects, whereas neutrinos are different particles requiring different detector technology.

Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 1: The Universe, The Big Bang Theory, Galaxies & Stellar Evolution > Cosmic Microwave Background (CMD) > p. 4
Strength: 3/5
“• With a traditional optical telescope, the space between stars and galaxies is completely dark. However, a sensitive radio telescope shows a faint background glow. This glow is strongest in the microwave region of the radio spectrum, and hence it is called a Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB).• CMD, also known as relic radiation (thermal radiation left over from the "Big Bang"), is fundamental to observational cosmology because it is the oldest light in the Universe and can be found in all directions. Its discovery is considered a landmark proof for the concept of "accelerating expansion of the universe" and the Big Bang Theory.”
Why relevant

Describes the Cosmic Microwave Background as electromagnetic (microwave) radiation, illustrating that astrophysical observations distinguish between electromagnetic signals and other messengers.

How to extend

A student can extend this rule: astronomy uses different instruments for different messengers (EM waves vs. neutrinos vs. gravitational waves), so instrument purpose follows the type of signal targeted.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 14: Service Sector > 14.12 Indian Economy > p. 434
Strength: 2/5
“The two major trends of space programmes globally are space exploration and being used ۰ for national security purposes. (20) 11 D • Private investments are being attracted to deliver space-related goods and services. The major areas for these investments are: • Production of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). • Satellite integration and assembly. • Production of composite materials. • Production of solid, liquid, cryogenic and semi-cryogenic propellants. • Production of electronic packages, avionics and satellite testing.”
Why relevant

Notes global trends in space programmes (space exploration and security) and that space missions attract specific technical investments.

How to extend

A student can infer that specialized space missions usually have specific scientific goals (e.g., detecting a particular messenger), so one should check eLISA's stated target rather than assume neutrinos.

Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 2: The Solar System > 2.8. Distant Artificial Objects Exploring the Solar System > p. 39
Strength: 2/5
“Voyagers continue communicating with the Deep Space Network to receive routine commands & return data.• The NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) is a worldwide network of U.S. spacecraft communication facilities, located in the California, Madrid, and Canberra, that supports NASA's interplanetary spacecraft missions. • Space probe: Pioneer 10; Launch year: 1972; Significant event: Flew past Saturn in 1979; Objective: Study the asteroid belt, the environment around Jupiter; Current sta tus: Contact lost in 2003; Distance from the Sun in AU: ~ 120 AU • Space probe: Pioneer 11; Launch year: 1973; Significant event: Flew past Saturn in 1979; Objective: and Saturn, solar wind and cosmic rays.; Current sta tus: Contact lost in 1995; Distance from the Sun in AU: ~ 90 AU • Space probe: Voyager 2; Launch year: Aug 1977; Significant event: Passed the heliopause in December 2018 to enter in terstellar space (second; Objective: Explore all Jovian planets.”
Why relevant

Mentions space probes and the Deep Space Network used to support interplanetary missions, showing that space missions use tailored ground/space infrastructure.

How to extend

A student can use this pattern to reason that a space-based detector like eLISA would be paired with mission-specific support for its primary observable (e.g., interferometry for waves) rather than neutrino detection infrastructure.

Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

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