Question map
What is the purpose of 'evolved Laser Interferometer Space "Antenna (eLISA)' project ?
Explanation
LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) was proposed to ESA in the early 1990s[3], and eLISA (evolved LISA) represents the evolution of this mission concept. The primary purpose of the eLISA project is to detect gravitational waves from space. Gravitational waves are ripples in spacetime caused by massive cosmic events such as merging black holes and neutron stars. Unlike ground-based detectors like LIGO, a space-based interferometer can detect low-frequency gravitational waves that cannot be observed from Earth due to seismic noise and other limitations. The project uses laser interferometry across millions of kilometers in space to measure tiny distortions in spacetime caused by passing gravitational waves. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they refer to entirely different scientific or defense purposesâneutrino detection, missile defense systems, and solar flare effectsâwhich are unrelated to the laser interferometry mission designed for gravitational wave astronomy.
Sources- [1] https://www.cosmos.esa.int/documents/15452792/15452811/LISA_DEFINITION_STUDY_REPORT_ESA-SCI-DIR-RP-002_Public+%281%29.pdf
- [2] https://www.cosmos.esa.int/documents/15452792/15452811/LISA_DEFINITION_STUDY_REPORT_ESA-SCI-DIR-RP-002_Public+%281%29.pdf
- [3] https://www.cosmos.esa.int/documents/15452792/15452811/LISA_DEFINITION_STUDY_REPORT_ESA-SCI-DIR-RP-002_Public+%281%29.pdf
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Guest previewThis is a classic 'Headline-to-Syllabus' question. The 2015/2016 detection of Gravitational Waves by LIGO was the decade's biggest physics news. UPSC didn't ask about LIGO directly here; they asked about the *next* step (eLISA). If a topic wins a Nobel or breaks headlines, study its future roadmap.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Is the purpose of the evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA) project to detect neutrinos?
- Statement 2: Is the purpose of the evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA) project to detect gravitational waves?
- Statement 3: Is the purpose of the evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA) project to detect the effectiveness of missile defence systems?
- Statement 4: Is the purpose of the evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA) project to study the effect of solar flares on communication systems?
Gives a concrete example (LIGO) of a laser interferometer being used to sense distortions in spacetime (gravitational waves).
A student can note that laser interferometers are used to detect gravitational waves and therefore would suspect eLISA (a laser interferometer in space) is aimed at gravitational waves rather than neutrinos.
Explains lasers as beams of light and gives practical context for laser use (optical phenomena), distinguishing laser photons from other particles.
A student can use this to recall that lasers detect/measure light-based effects, whereas neutrinos are different particles requiring different detector technology.
Describes the Cosmic Microwave Background as electromagnetic (microwave) radiation, illustrating that astrophysical observations distinguish between electromagnetic signals and other messengers.
A student can extend this rule: astronomy uses different instruments for different messengers (EM waves vs. neutrinos vs. gravitational waves), so instrument purpose follows the type of signal targeted.
Notes global trends in space programmes (space exploration and security) and that space missions attract specific technical investments.
A student can infer that specialized space missions usually have specific scientific goals (e.g., detecting a particular messenger), so one should check eLISA's stated target rather than assume neutrinos.
Mentions space probes and the Deep Space Network used to support interplanetary missions, showing that space missions use tailored ground/space infrastructure.
A student can use this pattern to reason that a space-based detector like eLISA would be paired with mission-specific support for its primary observable (e.g., interferometry for waves) rather than neutrino detection infrastructure.
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