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Q77 (IAS/2018) Geography › Indian Physical Geography › Indian lakes and wetlands Official Key

Which one of the following is an artificial lake ?

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: A
Explanation

The correct answer is option A - Kodaikanal (Tamil Nadu) is an artificial lake.

Kolleru Lake in Andhra Pradesh[2] is classified as an[1] Inland Natural Lake/Pond, making option B incorrect. While the provided sources don't contain explicit information about Kodaikanal, Nainital, or Renuka lakes' artificial or natural status, standard geographical references confirm that Kodaikanal Lake was artificially created in 1863 by Sir Vere Henry Levinge, the then Collector of Madurai.

Nainital Lake (option C) is a natural tectonic lake formed due to geological processes, while Renuka Lake (option D) in Himachal Pradesh is also a natural lake. Among the four options, only Kodaikanal stands out as a man-made water body constructed during the British colonial period. Therefore, option A is the correct answer as it represents the only artificial lake among the given choices.

Sources
  1. [1] https://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/reports_and_publication/statistical_publication/EnviStats/EnviStatsVol2_2022revised.pdf
  2. [2] https://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/reports_and_publication/statistical_publication/EnviStats/EnviStatsVol2_2022revised.pdf
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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. Which one of the following is an artificial lake ? [A] Kodaikanal (Tamil Nadu) [B] Kolleru (Andhra Pradesh) [C] Nainital (Uttarakhand)…
At a glance
Origin: Mixed / unclear origin Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 0/10
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This question tests the fundamental classification of lakes by origin: Geomorphic (Natural) vs. Anthropogenic (Artificial). It rewards the student who distinguishes between natural geological features (lagoons, glacial basins) and colonial-era infrastructure projects (reservoirs).

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Is Kodaikanal Lake (Tamil Nadu) an artificial lake?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > TYPES OF LAKES > p. 28
Strength: 5/5
“A lake is a natural depression filled with water. In this period of population explosion and scarcity of water, lakes are an important source of water supply to humanity. They also help in the prevention of sudden floods and droughts. The lakes of India have different origins. Some of the important lakes of India have been described briefly in the following section:”
Why relevant

Provides a general definition: 'A lake is a natural depression filled with water,' and notes lakes have different origins.

How to extend

A student could use this rule to ask whether Kodaikanal Lake occupies a natural basin (natural origin) or was created by human action (artificial).

Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 3: MAJOR BIOMES > Lake ecosystem > p. 26
Strength: 4/5
“Tere are many artifcial or man made lakes in India. Out of these the 'Sudarshan Lake' of Girnar (Gujarat) made in 300 B.C. is perhaps the oldest artifcial lake of the country. Te lakes may be (i) freshwater lake (Dal, Wular etc.), and (ii) brackish or saline lake (Chilka, Asthamudi, Vembanad, etc.). On the basis of nutrient contents, the lakes may be categorized as: (i) oligotrophic (very low nutrients), (ii) eutrophic (highly nutrient rich) like Dal Lake. Most of the Indian lakes are eutrophic. Lakes irrespective of their size, are generally more than three meters in depth. Te ecology of lakes is diferent from that of rivers, estuaries, wetlands, seas and oceans.”
Why relevant

States explicitly that India has many artificial (man-made) lakes and gives an historical example (Sudarshan Lake).

How to extend

A student could use this pattern to treat Kodaikanal Lake as plausibly artificial and then look for local evidence (presence of a dam, reservoir function, or historical construction date).

Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 9: Lakes > LAKES FORMED BY DEPOSMON > p. 85
Strength: 5/5
“Sure of water. When they suddenly give way, the dammed water rushes down, causing floods. Examples of lakes of this type are, Lake Gormire in Yorkshire, blocked by landslides; Ffynnon Frech on Snowdon blocked by screes (Fig. 9.7). LAKES FORMED BY HUMAN AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES 1. Man-made lakes. Besides the natural lakes, Man has now created artificial lakes by erecting a concrete dam across a river valley so that the river water can be kept back to form reservoirs (Fig. 9.8). Amongst such man-made lakes, the most imposing is Lake Mead above the Hoover Dam on the Colorado River, U.S.A. (Plate 9.D).”
Why relevant

Explains how man-made lakes are commonly created (erecting a dam across a river valley to form reservoirs) and gives examples.

How to extend

A student could check whether Kodaikanal Lake has a dammed inlet/outlet or is described as a reservoir to infer artificial origin.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Veeranam Lake > p. 31
Strength: 3/5
“It is located in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, about 235 km from Chennai. It is one of the water reservoirs from where water is supplied to Chennai.”
Why relevant

Gives a concrete South Indian example (Veeranam Lake) of a lake functioning as a water reservoir supplying a city, implying human-managed/artificial usage.

How to extend

A student could compare Kodaikanal Lake to Veeranam: if Kodaikanal serves as a constructed reservoir for water supply, that supports it being artificial.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Wular Lake > p. 32
Strength: 3/5
“Situated in the Valley of Kashmir between Sopore and Bandipore, it is the largest fresh water lake in India. The lake was formed as a result of tectonic activity during the Pleistocene Period. Depending on the season, the size of the lake varies between 30 and 250 km. The River Jhelum feeds the lake, which acts as a natural reservoir. The Tulbul Project is a "navigation lock-cum-control structure" at the mouth of the Wular lake. It envisages regulated water release from the natural storage in the lake to maintain a minimum draught of 4.5 feet in the river up to Baramulla during the lean winter months.”
Why relevant

Shows that some well-known Indian lakes (Wular) have specific natural origins (tectonic), illustrating the contrast between natural origin types and man-made lakes.

How to extend

A student could seek statements or geological/photographic evidence identifying Kodaikanal Lake's origin (tectonic/glacial vs. constructed) to decide which category fits.

Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

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