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Q80 (IAS/2018) History & Culture › Modern India (Pre-1857) › Socio-religious reform movements Official Key

Which among the following events happened earliest ?

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: B
Explanation

Neel Darpan was written[1] in 1860, making it the earliest event among the given options. The Arya Samaj was founded in 1875 by Swami Dayanand Saraswati[2], while Anandamath was published in 1882[3]. Satyendra Nath Tagore became the first Indian to qualify for the Indian Civil Service in 1863[4].

Therefore, the chronological order of these events is: Dinabandhu Mitra wrote Neeldarpan (1860), followed by Satyendranath Tagore's ICS success (1863), then the establishment of Arya Samaj (1875), and finally the publication of Anandamath (1882). Option B represents the earliest event among all four choices.

Sources
  1. [1] Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 11: Economic Impact of the British Rule > DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN INDUSTRIES > p. 192
  2. [2] Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 13: Growth of New India Religious and Social Reform After 1858 > Swami Dayanand and Arya Samaj > p. 219
  3. [3] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 1: Sources for the History of Modern India > Creative Literature > p. 10
  4. [4] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 26: Constitutional, Administrative and Judicial Developments > Indian Civil Service Act, 1861 > p. 515
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Q. Which among the following events happened earliest ? [A] Swami Dayanand established Arya Samaj. [B] Dinabandhu Mitra wrote Neeldarpan. …
At a glance
Origin: From standard books Fairness: High fairness Books / CA: 10/10 · 0/10
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This is a high-fairness question rewarding standard book reading (Spectrum/NCERT). It tests the 'Intellectual & Cultural History' timeline (1860–1885) rather than just political events. If you skipped the specific publication years in the 'Press & Literature' or 'Social Reform' chapters, you lost easy marks.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
In Indian history, in which year did Swami Dayanand Saraswati establish the Arya Samaj?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 13: Growth of New India Religious and Social Reform After 1858 > Swami Dayanand and Arya Samaj > p. 219
Presence: 5/5
“The Arya Samaj undertook the task of reforming Hindu religion in North India. It was founded in 1875 by Swami Dayanand Saraswati. Dayanand (1824 - 1883). Swami Dayanand believed that selfish and ignorant priests had perverted Hindu religion with the aid of the Puranas which he said were full of false teachings. For his own inspiration, Swami Dayanand went to Vedas, the. Which he regarded as infallible. Being the inspired word of God, and as the fount of all knowledge. He rejected all later religious thought if it conflicted with the Vedas. This total dependence on the Vedas and their infallibility gave his teachings an orthodox. colouring, for infallibility meant that human reason was not to be the final deciding factor.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states: 'It was founded in 1875 by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.'
  • Provides contextual detail about Dayanand (dates) confirming identity of founder.
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 9: A General Survey of Socio-Cultural Reform Movements > Dayananda Saraswati and Arya Samaj > p. 220
Presence: 5/5
“The Arya Samaj Movement, revivalist in form though not in content, was the result of a reaction to Western influences. Its founder, Dayananda Saraswati or Mulshankar (1824-1883) was born in the old Morvi state in Gujarat in a brahmin family. He wandered as an ascetic for fifteen years (1845-60) in search of truth. The first Arya Samaj unit was formally set up by him at Bombay in 1875 and later the headquarters of the Samaj were established at Lahore. Dayananda's views were published in his famous work, Satyarth Prakash (The True Exposition). His vision of India”
Why this source?
  • Specifies the first Arya Samaj unit was 'formally set up ... at Bombay in 1875'.
  • Matches and corroborates the founding year given in other snippets.
History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 19: Towards Modernity > Arya Samaj (1875) > p. 300
Presence: 5/5
“The founder of the Arya Samaj was Dayananda Saraswati (1824-83). Dayananda, a Gujarati, left home in his youth to become an ascetic. For seventeen years he wandered around India. In 1863 he became a wandering 300 Towards Modernity”
Why this source?
  • Chapter heading/entry labels the movement as 'Arya Samaj (1875)', directly giving the year.
  • Reinforces the chronological attribution across sources.
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Statement analysis

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