Regarding Wood's Dispatch, which of the following statements are true ? 1. Grants-in-Aid system was introduced. 2. Establishment of universities was recommended. 3. English as a medium of instruction at all levels of education was recommended. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Describes Wood's Dispatch (1854) as a comprehensive plan making the Government of India responsible for mass education.

A student could infer that if the government was to assume responsibility, some funding mechanism would be needed and then check whether that mechanism was called 'grants‑in‑aid' or introduced later.

Also notes the Dispatch repudiated 'downward filtration' and asked government to assume responsibility for education, implying a policy shift toward state-funded education.

One could compare this policy shift with later fiscal arrangements to see if formal 'grants‑in‑aid' were created then or only much later.

Explains the constitutional concept of grants‑in‑aid (Article 275) as a formal central mechanism to assist states, showing a named, legalised grants system in the Constitution.

A student could use the constitutional dating (post‑Independence) to judge whether the named grants‑in‑aid system existed in 1854 or was formalised later.

Describes grants‑in‑aid as an established constitutional provision for central assistance to states and indicates their use as a modern fiscal tool.

A student could contrast this modern definition with 19th‑century administrative practice to see if the term/system aligns with Wood's Dispatch era.

Mentions 'Grants‑in‑aid to non‑official organisations', showing the term is used for varied post‑colonial funding arrangements.

A student might compile examples of where the term appears in later policy texts to assess whether the same institutional meaning existed in 1854.

Explicitly states the Dispatch 'recommended English as the medium of instruction for higher studies and vernaculars at school level' and presents a tiered hierarchy of institutions.

A student could treat this as a direct rule and check the original Dispatch or secondary sources to confirm whether 'all levels' includes primary/secondary/higher distinctions.

Describes Wood's Despatch as the first comprehensive plan for spreading education and as the 'Magna Carta of English Education in India', implying strong pro‑English policy influence.

Use this characterization to justify examining the Dispatch's recommendations for different educational levels (primary vs higher) to see if English was mandated everywhere.

Notes confusion within the Anglicist camp about whether English or vernaculars should be the medium, showing internal disagreement on levels/purposes of English instruction.

Use this pattern (internal division) to hypothesize the Dispatch might differentiate between levels or purposes, leading to targeted checks of specific clauses.

Summarizes earlier Macaulay/1835 policy making English the medium for Western sciences and literature and government action favoring English in schools and colleges, providing background on British emphasis on English.

Contrast Macaulay/1835 actions with Wood's 1854 recommendations to see if Wood continued, expanded, or limited English-medium policy across levels.

States the Dispatch asked government to assume responsibility for mass education and repudiated 'downward filtration', implying an intent to expand schooling breadth — which intersects with choice of medium at different levels.

Combine this with the Dispatch's language recommendations (snippet 5) to infer whether vernaculars for mass/primary education and English for higher education were a deliberate dual strategy.