Which of the following adopted a law on data protection and privacy for its citizens known as 'General Data Protection Regulation' in April 2016 and started implementation of it from 25th May, 2018?

Describes a law (Equalization Levy) introduced in 2016 with different clauses becoming effective on later, specific dates.

A student could use this as a pattern that laws can be enacted/introduced in one year (2016) and have staggered implementation dates, so check whether GDPR-like timing could occur in another country.

Notes a government policy adopted in 2016 and another law (Fugitive Economic Offenders Act) coming into force in April 2018 — showing adoption vs later in-force dates.

Use this as an example that national governments often adopt policies/laws in one year and bring them into force in a later year (e.g., 2018), so verify if Australia followed the same pattern for GDPR-like measures.

Shows that international treaty ratification (2006) and later domestic notification (March 2018) can be separated by years.

Apply the general rule that international/regulatory changes may require domestic notification/implementation at a later date; check whether Australia had to notify/implement an international-style data protection rule later than its original passage.

Gives a concrete example of a model law being brought out on a specific date (25 April 2017), illustrating governments publish model/central laws on precise calendar dates.

A student could compare official dates of model/central laws to determine plausibility of an April 2016 adoption date for a major regulation in another jurisdiction.

Explains that a legislature can enact laws to implement international agreements, indicating a legal mechanism for adopting externally-originated regulations domestically.

Use this mechanism to investigate whether Australia would 'adopt' an external regulation like the EU's GDPR or instead enact its own domestic law to implement equivalent standards.

Gives an example of an Act (Fugitive Economic Offenders Act) that 'came into force in April 2018', showing laws often have specific coming-into-force dates separate from when they were adopted.

A student could use this pattern (adoption date vs. later enforcement date) to check whether GDPR adoption (April 2016) and enforcement (May 2018) follow the common legislative practice of a gap between adoption and implementation.

Notes the Aadhaar Act, 2016, whose constitutional validity was decided in 2018 — another instance where a 2016 law had major legal actions or implementation steps in 2018.

Use this as an example that laws enacted in 2016 can have important implementation or validation milestones in 2018, supporting the plausibility of a 2016 adoption / 2018 enforcement timeline for other laws.

Describes the Equalisation Levy introduced in 2016 with clauses made effective on different dates, showing multi-stage introduction and separate effective dates are common.

A student could infer that a regulation adopted in 2016 might reasonably have a later fixed enforcement date (like May 2018) and so seek external confirmation of specific dates for GDPR.

States that MoEFCC notified rules in March 2018 under an existing Act (Environment (Protection) Act, 1986), illustrating how governments notify rules under earlier statutes and set explicit notification dates.

Apply this rule-pattern to suspect that a government (or body) could adopt/regulate data protection by notifying rules with a specific later effective date, prompting checking of official notifications for GDPR timing.

Explains the parliamentary power to 'implement international agreements' and gives examples of laws passed under such provisions — a pattern where international instruments lead to national legislation.

Use this to distinguish an international/regional regulation (like GDPR) from national implementation: a student should check whether GDPR is an EU regulation (applying to EU) or required separate national implementation by countries like Canada.