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Recently, India signed a deal known as 'Action Plan for Prioritization and Implementation of Cooperation Areas in the Nuclear Field' with which of the following countries?
Explanation
The Action Plan for Prioritization and Implementation of Cooperation Areas in the Nuclear Field identified jointly by Russia and India was signed by Director General of the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom Alexey Likhachev and the Secretary of Department of Atomic Energy and Chairman of Atomic Energy Commission Kamlesh Vyas.[1] This agreement represents a significant bilateral cooperation framework between the two countries in the nuclear energy sector. The signatories were Mr. Alexey Likhachev, Director General of Rosatom (Russia's state atomic energy corporation), and Shri K N Vyas, Secretary of India's Department[2] of Atomic Energy. Russia has been a long-standing partner of India in civil nuclear cooperation, particularly in the construction and operation of nuclear power plants at Kudankulam in Tamil Nadu. This Action Plan further strengthens the strategic partnership between India and Russia in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy.
Sources- [2] https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1548714
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Guest previewThis is a pure Current Affairs question derived from the 'List of MoUs/Agreements' released after a major bilateral summit. It rewards aspirants who don't just read headlines ('India-Russia summit held') but scan the official MEA/PIB list of signed documents for unique titles.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The Action Plan for Prioritization and Implementation of Cooperation Areas in the Nuclear Field identified jointly by Russia and India was signed by Director General of the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom Alexey Likhachev and the Secretary of Department of Atomic Energy and Chairman of Atomic Energy Commission Kamlesh Vyas."
Why this source?
- Explicitly states the Action Plan was identified jointly by Russia and India.
- Names the signatories as Russia's Rosatom DG and India's DAE Secretary, showing the agreement was between Russia and India (not Japan).
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"Action Plan for Prioritization and Implementation of Cooperation Areas in the Nuclear Field | Mr. Alexi Likhachev, DG, Rosatom | Shri K N Vyas Secretary, DAE"
Why this source?
- Lists the Action Plan along with the Russian and Indian officials associated with it (Mr. Alexi Likhachev, DG, Rosatom and Shri K N Vyas, Secretary, DAE).
- Placement in an India–Russia press release context indicates the Action Plan was part of India–Russia cooperation, not India–Japan.
- Explicitly states the Action Plan was identified jointly by Russia and India.
- Names the signatories as Russia's Rosatom DG and India's DAE Secretary, showing the agreement was between Russia and India (not Japan).
- Lists the Action Plan along with the Russian and Indian officials associated with it (Mr. Alexi Likhachev, DG, Rosatom and Shri K N Vyas, Secretary, DAE).
- Placement in an India–Russia press release context indicates the Action Plan was part of India–Russia cooperation, not India–Japan.
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 39: After Nehru... > Foreign Relations > p. 761
Strength: 5/5
“The Manmohan Singh government made efforts for stronger ties with the United States. The prime minister visited the US in July 2005 to initiate negotiations over the Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement. When, in 2006, President George W. Bush visited India, the declaration over the nuclear agreement was made. This gave India access to American nuclear fuel and technology, though in return India would have to allow its civil nuclear reactors to be inspected by the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency). It was only in October 2008 that India and the US finally signed the agreement after further negotiations and approval from the IAEA, the Nuclear Suppliers Group, and the US Congress.”
Why relevant
Shows India has negotiated and signed bilateral civilian nuclear agreements (example: the Indo–US civilian nuclear agreement).
How to extend
A student could use this pattern to look for a similarly framed bilateral nuclear cooperation document between India and Japan in news/official releases.
Contemporary World Politics, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Security in the Contemporary World > India's Security Strategy > p. 77
Strength: 4/5
“the South Asian region, India's decision to conduct nuclear tests in 1998 was justified by the Indian government in terms of safeguarding national security. India first tested a nuclear device in 1974. The second component of India's security strategy has been to strengthen international norms and international institutions to protect its security interests. India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, supported the cause of Asian solidarity, decolonisation, disarmament, and the UN as a forum in which international conflicts could be settled. India also took initiatives to bring about a universal and non-discriminatory nonproliferation regime in which all countries would have the same rights and obligations with respect to weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, biological, chemical).”
Why relevant
Describes India’s emphasis on strengthening international norms and institutions and pursuing non‑discriminatory civil nuclear arrangements.
How to extend
Using this rule, one might expect India to pursue civil nuclear cooperation with like‑minded partners (such as Japan) and then check diplomatic records for an 'Action Plan' title.
Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > INDIA'S ROLE IN WORLD AFFAIRS > p. 60
Strength: 3/5
“China. Sri Lanka, Japan and India jointly signed an agreement on May 28, 2019, to develop the East Container Terminal at the Colombo Port. An agreement has been signed between India and Maldives on May 30, 2019 to develop socio-economic infrastructure in the neighbouring countries in the field of health and sanitation. Konkan Railways with Nepal signed an agreement on May 10, 2019 to supply two 1600 HP DEMU trains sets. The Ministry of External Affairs with the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Consultancy Service (NABCONS) on April 2, 2019 shall establish India-Africa Institute of Agriculture and Rural Development in Malawi.”
Why relevant
Gives a concrete example that India and Japan (along with other countries) sign bilateral/multilateral agreements on infrastructure and cooperation.
How to extend
A student can infer India–Japan bilateral agreements are routine and search India–Japan bilateral archives for a nuclear cooperation action plan.
Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 9: Distribution of World Natural Resources > Table 9.13 Nuclear Power Plants in India > p. 26
Strength: 3/5
“Development of nuclear energy is imperative for the economic development of the country. But the disasters like Fukushima (Japan-2011) and Chernobyl ( U.S.S.R.1986) have proved that it is full of risk. Tus it is a partial solution of the Indian energy crisis. Unfortunately, in India, in case of nuclear accident, the maximum fne that can be imposed by the regulator on an ofending nuclear plant is Rs. 500/. Tis amount is too low to serve as a deterent against such infringements.”
Why relevant
Mentions the Fukushima nuclear disaster (Japan) and highlights Japan’s centrality in nuclear safety discourse.
How to extend
Given Japan’s nuclear experience, a student could reasonably check whether Japan engaged in post‑Fukushima nuclear cooperation with partners including India, looking for an 'Action Plan' between the two.
Politics in India since Independence, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Indi External Relations > Fast Forward India's Nuclear Programme > p. 69
Strength: 2/5
“India has opposed the international treaties aimed at non-proliferation since they were selectively applicable to the non-nuclear powers and legitimised the monopoly of the five nuclear weapons powers. Thus, India opposed the indefinite extension of the NPT in 1995 and also refused to sign the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). India conducted a series of nuclear tests in May 1998, demonstrating its capacity to use nuclear energy for military purposes. Pakistan soon followed, thereby increasing the vulnerability of the region to a nuclear exchange. The international community was extremely critical of the nuclear tests in the subcontinent and sanctions were imposed on both India and Pakistan, which were subsequently waived.”
Why relevant
Notes India’s historical resistance to some non‑proliferation treaties but also its development of nuclear capabilities and later diplomatic engagement after tests.
How to extend
A student could combine India’s selective treaty stance with its later bilateral deals to consider whether India would sign a targeted cooperation 'Action Plan' with Japan and then verify with primary sources.
Shows India has negotiated and signed bilateral civilian nuclear agreements (example: the Indo–US civilian nuclear agreement).
A student could use this pattern to look for a similarly framed bilateral nuclear cooperation document between India and Japan in news/official releases.
Describes India’s emphasis on strengthening international norms and institutions and pursuing non‑discriminatory civil nuclear arrangements.
Using this rule, one might expect India to pursue civil nuclear cooperation with like‑minded partners (such as Japan) and then check diplomatic records for an 'Action Plan' title.
Gives a concrete example that India and Japan (along with other countries) sign bilateral/multilateral agreements on infrastructure and cooperation.
A student can infer India–Japan bilateral agreements are routine and search India–Japan bilateral archives for a nuclear cooperation action plan.
Mentions the Fukushima nuclear disaster (Japan) and highlights Japan’s centrality in nuclear safety discourse.
Given Japan’s nuclear experience, a student could reasonably check whether Japan engaged in post‑Fukushima nuclear cooperation with partners including India, looking for an 'Action Plan' between the two.
Notes India’s historical resistance to some non‑proliferation treaties but also its development of nuclear capabilities and later diplomatic engagement after tests.
A student could combine India’s selective treaty stance with its later bilateral deals to consider whether India would sign a targeted cooperation 'Action Plan' with Japan and then verify with primary sources.
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