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Q50 (IAS/2020) Science & Technology › ICT, AI, Cybersecurity & Emerging Tech › Cybersecurity policy and regulation Official Key

In India, under cyber insurance for individuals, which of the following benefits are generally covered, in addition to payment for the loss of funds and other benefits ? 1. Cost of restoration of the computer system in case of malware disrupting access to one's computer 2. Cost of a new computer if some miscreant wilfully damages it, if proved so 3. Cost of hiring a specialized consultant to minimize the loss in case of cyber extortion 4. Cost of defence in the Court of Law if any third party files a suit Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: B
Explanation

The correct answer is Option 2 (1, 3 and 4 only). Cyber insurance for individuals is designed to mitigate financial losses and legal liabilities arising from digital threats, rather than physical damage to hardware.

  • Statement 1 is correct: Most policies cover the "Cost of Restoration," which includes expenses incurred to reinstall software or remove malware to restore the system to its pre-attack state.
  • Statement 3 is correct: In cases of cyber extortion (e.g., ransomware), policies generally cover the costs of hiring specialized consultants or IT experts to investigate the threat and minimize potential losses.
  • Statement 4 is correct: Cyber insurance typically includes "Defense Costs" to cover legal expenses if a third party sues the policyholder for defamation or data breaches resulting from the insured's system.
  • Statement 2 is incorrect: Cyber insurance covers intangible digital assets and liabilities. Wilful physical damage to hardware is a matter of property or fire insurance and is a standard exclusion in cyber-specific policies.
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Q. In India, under cyber insurance for individuals, which of the following benefits are generally covered, in addition to payment for the lo…
At a glance
Origin: Mixed / unclear origin Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 0/10
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This is a 'Financial Literacy' question derived from the launch of retail cyber insurance products (e.g., Bajaj Allianz, HDFC ERGO) around 2018-19. It tests the logical boundary between 'Cyber' risks (intangible/data) and 'Physical' risks (hardware). Standard books won't help; reading the 'Key Features' of major financial reforms/products is the key.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Does individual cyber insurance in India typically cover the cost of restoring a computer system disrupted by malware?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 17: Contemporary Issues > Cyber Crime > p. 93
Strength: 5/5
“• (i) The cyber crime includes the criminal activities carried out by means of computers or the internet. The cyber crime may threaten a person's or the nation's security and finances. The cyber criminals use the computer technology to access personal information, business trade secrets and harm the target. Such criminals are referred to as 'hackers'.• (ii) Cyber bullying, Cyber stalking, Cyber terrorism, Cyber warfare, Troll, Cyberveillance are few common crimes in which the criminals get indulged through the computers.• (iii) The National Crime Records Bureau in India was set up in 1986. It is the Central Nodal Agency that controls and manages the functions of Online 'Cyber Crime Reporting Portal'.• (iv) It initiated the programme Crime and Criminal Tracking System (CCTS) in 2009.”
Why relevant

Defines cyber crime and notes that cyber criminals use computers to access information and harm targets, framing cyber incidents (like malware) as recognized risks.

How to extend

A student could infer that insurance products exist to manage such risks and then check typical cyber policy wordings to see if system restoration is listed as a covered loss.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > Risks associated with CBDC > p. 79
Strength: 4/5
“• In an extreme situation such as after a financial crash, if depositors/savers would shift their savings from bank accounts to CBDCs (with just a mouse click) then banks could have a problem of funding which might have an effect on financing the whole economy.• CBDC ecosystems may be at similar risk for cyber-attacks as the current payment systems are exposed to. In countries like India with lower financial literacy levels, the increase in digital payment related frauds may also spread to CBDCs.”
Why relevant

Highlights that digital payment/CBDC ecosystems are vulnerable to cyber-attacks, showing institutional acknowledgement of cyber risk to digital systems.

How to extend

A student could extend this recognition of systemic cyber risk to reason that insurers might offer products addressing loss from cyber-attacks (including restoration) and then examine product coverage details.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 7: Indian Economy after 2014 > There are two main types of insurance namely: > p. 245
Strength: 3/5
“• Insurance penetration is measured as the percentage of insurance premium to GDP (As per Eco Survey of FY 2020-21, the insurance penetration was 2.82 % of GDP for life and 0.94% of GDP for non-life) • Insurance density is measured as the ratio of premium in US $ to total population (As per Eco Survey of FY 2020-21, the insurance density was US$ 58.0 for life and US$ 19 for non-life) Insurance Sector in India: The Indian insurance market is currently dominated by Life Insurance Corporation (PSU), which captures nearly 75% of the market. Raising the foreign investment limit to 49% is expected to generate inflows of $6-8 billion in the insurance sector that is looking for growth capital.”
Why relevant

Distinguishes life and non-life insurance penetration in India, indicating an established non-life insurance market where cyber-risk products could be categorized.

How to extend

A student can use this to narrow enquiries to non-life insurers and review standard non-life (e.g., specialty cyber) policy clauses for malware-related restoration coverage.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 14: Service Sector > SERVICE SECTOR > p. 423
Strength: 3/5
“Introduction Insurance Sector Life Insurance Corporation General Insurance Corporation Agriculture Insurance Company of India Limited Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC) Insurance Reforms Insurance Schemes Backed by Government Tourism Sector Medical Tourism, Eco-tourism, Information Technology and Business Process Management Services, India BPO Promotion Scheme, Communication Sector, Logistic Sector, Port and Shipping Services, Space Sector, Real Estate Sector”
Why relevant

Lists the structure of the insurance sector (life, general, agricultural, deposit insurance), implying that specialized coverages are organized under general/non-life insurers.

How to extend

A student could therefore focus on 'general insurance' companies when investigating whether individual cyber insurance policies include system restoration after malware.

Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

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