In India, under cyber insurance for individuals, which of the following benefits are generally covered, in addition to payment for the loss of funds and other benefits ? 1. Cost of restoration of the computer system in case of malware disrupting access to one's computer 2. Cost of a new computer if some miscreant wilfully damages it, if proved so 3. Cost of hiring a specialized consultant to minimize the loss in case of cyber extortion 4. Cost of defence in the Court of Law if any third party files a suit Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Defines cyber crime and notes that cyber criminals use computers to access information and harm targets, framing cyber incidents (like malware) as recognized risks.

A student could infer that insurance products exist to manage such risks and then check typical cyber policy wordings to see if system restoration is listed as a covered loss.

Highlights that digital payment/CBDC ecosystems are vulnerable to cyber-attacks, showing institutional acknowledgement of cyber risk to digital systems.

A student could extend this recognition of systemic cyber risk to reason that insurers might offer products addressing loss from cyber-attacks (including restoration) and then examine product coverage details.

Distinguishes life and non-life insurance penetration in India, indicating an established non-life insurance market where cyber-risk products could be categorized.

A student can use this to narrow enquiries to non-life insurers and review standard non-life (e.g., specialty cyber) policy clauses for malware-related restoration coverage.

Lists the structure of the insurance sector (life, general, agricultural, deposit insurance), implying that specialized coverages are organized under general/non-life insurers.

A student could therefore focus on 'general insurance' companies when investigating whether individual cyber insurance policies include system restoration after malware.

Defines 'general (nonlife) insurance' as protection against losses and damages (fire, motor, home etc.), indicating cyber risks would be handled within the broad nonlife insurance domain or as a specialized product.

A student could use this to infer that coverage depends on policy wording within nonlife products and then compare typical cyber policy clauses (exclusions/coverage for physical damage) to judge if replacement is likely.

Explains cyber crime includes criminal activities using computers and that cyber criminals can 'harm the target', connecting miscreant willful damage of a computer to the category 'cyber crime'.

One could extend this by mapping 'willful physical damage by a miscreant' onto insured perils in cyber or property policies and check typical insurer lists of covered perils/exclusions.

States that a consumer has the right to get compensation 'depending on the degree of the damage', suggesting remedies (compensation) are available but contingent on assessment of damage.

A student might combine this with knowledge of how insurers assess loss (actual cash value vs replacement cost) to investigate whether replacement is ordinarily paid or only depreciation-adjusted compensation is given.

Notes low insurance penetration and 'lack of understanding of insurance products', implying that policyholders may not be aware of specific exclusions/coverages in cyber policies.

This could prompt checking sample Indian cyber policy wordings or insurer FAQs to see whether willful damage and replacement costs are standard inclusions or commonly excluded.

Discusses tort liability where proven wrongdoing can lead to compensation by the liable party (in that case the State), which is a parallel legal principle that proven willful damage creates a basis for recovery.

A student could use this to separate legal remedies (sue the miscreant for replacement) from insurance remedies (claim under policy) and thus test whether insurers typically cover such losses or leave recovery to tort claims.

Defines cyber crime as activities that threaten a person's or nation's security and finances, identifying cyber incidents as sources of financial harm.

A student could combine this with the idea that insurable products often respond to financial harms to ask whether cyber insurance products explicitly cover incident-response/consultant costs for extortion.

Gives the general insurance definition: policies protect against non‑life losses (fire, marine, motor, home etc.), implying non‑life insurance is the category that would house cyber coverages.

Use this to reason that cyber risk would be a non‑life product and then check typical non‑life policy wordings or market product features to see if consultant/forensic costs are included.

Notes that digital payment systems and CBDC ecosystems face cyber‑attack risk, highlighting systemic exposure of financial services to cyber threats.

A student could infer financial-sector exposure increases demand for incident response services and thus examine whether insurers cover those response costs in marketed cyber policies.

Summarises the insurance sector structure and reforms, indicating an active insurance market and institutional framework where new product types (like cyber insurance) could be offered.

One could use this to justify checking current general/non‑life insurance product offerings or regulatory FAQs in India for coverage of specialist consultant fees.

Provides data on insurance penetration and the division between life and non‑life markets, suggesting scope and limits of non‑life insurance products in India.

Combine this with knowledge that cyber is a niche non‑life product to assess whether market scale makes inclusion of consultant/response costs a common feature or an add‑on.

Notes that the insurance sector is governed and regulated (Union list) and that many private insurers operate under defined laws and rules.

A student could infer that regulated insurance products typically have standard-wording coverages/exclusions and therefore should check standard cyber policy wordings or IRDAI guidance to see if defence costs are listed.

Summarises the organised insurance sector and its schemes, implying insurance offerings are structured and can specify precise benefits.

Use the pattern that insurance products enumerate covered events and benefits to look up sample cyber policy schedules for inclusion/exclusion of legal defence costs.

Describes a specific insurance product (deposit insurance) with clear monetary limits and defined scope, illustrating that insurance covers specified risks and costs rather than open-ended liabilities.

Apply this rule: since some insurance types explicitly limit cover, check whether cyber policies similarly itemise defence-cost coverage or cap it.

Describes a government insurance scheme (PMFBY) with detailed premium splits and claim-settlement issues, showing that policy documents and scheme rules determine who pays what and how claims are settled.

A student could extend this by examining cyber-insurance policy wordings and insurer claim procedures to see whether defence costs are included or treated as separate reimbursable items.

Defines cyber crime categories and notes a central nodal agency for cyber reporting, demonstrating that cyber incidents can generate criminal and civil consequences including potential third‑party actions.

Given that cyber incidents can lead to third‑party lawsuits, a student might check typical cyber policy sections (e.g., third‑party liability/legal defence) in sample policies to judge whether defence costs are normally covered.