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In India, under cyber insurance for individuals, which of the following benefits are generally covered, in addition to payment for the loss of funds and other benefits ? 1. Cost of restoration of the computer system in case of malware disrupting access to one's computer 2. Cost of a new computer if some miscreant wilfully damages it, if proved so 3. Cost of hiring a specialized consultant to minimize the loss in case of cyber extortion 4. Cost of defence in the Court of Law if any third party files a suit Select the correct answer using the code given below :
Explanation
The correct answer is Option 2 (1, 3 and 4 only). Cyber insurance for individuals is designed to mitigate financial losses and legal liabilities arising from digital threats, rather than physical damage to hardware.
- Statement 1 is correct: Most policies cover the "Cost of Restoration," which includes expenses incurred to reinstall software or remove malware to restore the system to its pre-attack state.
- Statement 3 is correct: In cases of cyber extortion (e.g., ransomware), policies generally cover the costs of hiring specialized consultants or IT experts to investigate the threat and minimize potential losses.
- Statement 4 is correct: Cyber insurance typically includes "Defense Costs" to cover legal expenses if a third party sues the policyholder for defamation or data breaches resulting from the insured's system.
- Statement 2 is incorrect: Cyber insurance covers intangible digital assets and liabilities. Wilful physical damage to hardware is a matter of property or fire insurance and is a standard exclusion in cyber-specific policies.
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Guest previewThis is a 'Financial Literacy' question derived from the launch of retail cyber insurance products (e.g., Bajaj Allianz, HDFC ERGO) around 2018-19. It tests the logical boundary between 'Cyber' risks (intangible/data) and 'Physical' risks (hardware). Standard books won't help; reading the 'Key Features' of major financial reforms/products is the key.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Does individual cyber insurance in India typically cover the cost of restoring a computer system disrupted by malware?
- Statement 2: Do individual cyber insurance policies in India typically pay for replacement (cost of a new computer) if a miscreant willfully damages it, when wilful damage is proven?
- Statement 3: Do individual cyber insurance policies in India typically cover the cost of hiring a specialized consultant to mitigate losses in a cyber extortion incident?
- Statement 4: Do individual cyber insurance policies in India typically cover legal defence costs if a third party files a lawsuit arising from a cyber incident?
Defines cyber crime and notes that cyber criminals use computers to access information and harm targets, framing cyber incidents (like malware) as recognized risks.
A student could infer that insurance products exist to manage such risks and then check typical cyber policy wordings to see if system restoration is listed as a covered loss.
Highlights that digital payment/CBDC ecosystems are vulnerable to cyber-attacks, showing institutional acknowledgement of cyber risk to digital systems.
A student could extend this recognition of systemic cyber risk to reason that insurers might offer products addressing loss from cyber-attacks (including restoration) and then examine product coverage details.
Distinguishes life and non-life insurance penetration in India, indicating an established non-life insurance market where cyber-risk products could be categorized.
A student can use this to narrow enquiries to non-life insurers and review standard non-life (e.g., specialty cyber) policy clauses for malware-related restoration coverage.
Lists the structure of the insurance sector (life, general, agricultural, deposit insurance), implying that specialized coverages are organized under general/non-life insurers.
A student could therefore focus on 'general insurance' companies when investigating whether individual cyber insurance policies include system restoration after malware.
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This statement analysis shows book citations, web sources and indirect clues. The first statement (S1) is open for preview.
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This statement analysis shows book citations, web sources and indirect clues. The first statement (S1) is open for preview.
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