Question map
Among the following, which one is the **least** water-efficient crop?
Explanation
The correct answer is Option 1.
Water efficiency in crops refers to the amount of biomass produced per unit of water consumed. Sugarcane is a long-duration perennial crop with a high transpiration rate and a massive biomass output, requiring 1,500 to 2,500 mm of water per crop cycle. Consequently, it has a very high water footprint and is considered the least water-efficient among the given options.
In contrast, the other crops are significantly more drought-tolerant and efficient:
- Pearl Millet (Bajra): A C4 plant highly adapted to arid regions, requiring minimal water.
- Red Gram (Arhar): A pulse crop with deep roots that survives on residual moisture.
- Sunflower: A moderately drought-resistant oilseed with lower water requirements than sugarcane.
While sugarcane produces high yields, its total water consumption relative to the food energy or weight produced makes it highly water-intensive, especially in water-stressed regions of India.
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Guest previewThis is a classic 'Relative Agronomy' question derived from the 'Water Guzzler' narrative found in Economic Surveys and NITI Aayog reports. You don't need a specific data table; you need the hierarchy of crop water footprints: Sugarcane/Rice (High) > Wheat/Cotton (Medium) > Millets/Pulses (Low). The question penalizes rote learning and rewards understanding the 'Agro-Climatic Mismatch' theme.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Typical irrigation water requirement (liters per kilogram of harvested produce) of sugarcane (water-efficiency of crops).
- Statement 2: Typical irrigation water requirement (liters per kilogram of harvested produce) of sunflower (water-efficiency of crops).
- Statement 3: Typical irrigation water requirement (liters per kilogram of harvested produce) of pearl millet (bajra) (water-efficiency of crops).
- Statement 4: Typical irrigation water requirement (liters per kilogram of harvested produce) of red gram (pigeon pea) (water-efficiency of crops).
Gives a quantitative crop water requirement for sugarcane in mm (1500–2500 mm), a direct measure of depth of water needed over the growing season.
Convert mm to liters per unit area (1 mm = 1 L/m²) and then divide by typical yield (kg/m² or kg/ha from external sources) to estimate L/kg.
Provides a general physiological rule: about 400–500 litres of water are required to produce one kilo of plant dry matter.
Combine this dry-matter L/kg with data on the dry-matter fraction of harvested sugarcane (requires an external typical % dry matter) to infer irrigation L/kg of harvested produce.
States sugarcane is among crops with ‘very high’ water needs, implying its L/kg will be large compared with cereals.
Use this qualitative ranking to compare any L/kg estimate for sugarcane against known L/kg values for other crops (from external sources) to judge plausibility.
Notes sugarcane is predominantly cultivated in irrigated tracts and accounts for substantial production on limited area, implying intensive water input per area.
Combine the high area-based irrigation intensity with regional typical yields (external) to estimate L/kg and assess whether a given statement is consistent with irrigated cultivation.
Lists sugarcane explicitly as an example of an irrigated crop, reinforcing that irrigation-dominated water accounting applies to it.
Use irrigation-crop classification to justify using seasonal irrigation-depth figures (from evidence 1) rather than relying solely on rainfall for L/kg calculations.
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