We adopted parliamentary democracy based on the British model, but how does our model differ from that model? 1. As regards legislation, the British Parliament is supreme or sovereign but in India, the power of the Parliament to legislate is limited. 2. In India, matters related to the constitutionality of the Amendment of an Act of the Parliament are referred to the Constitution Bench by the Supreme Court. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Parliamentary sovereignty means the UK Parliament is legally supreme and can make, amend or repeal any law without legal constraints.

High-yield for polity and constitutional law: it is the core feature of the Westminster model and appears in questions about sources of constitutional authority, law‑making power, and limits on institutions. Mastery enables clear comparisons with systems that constrain legislatures.

Under parliamentary supremacy UK courts cannot invalidate Acts of Parliament, placing the legislature above judiciary in constitutional finality.

Essential for answering questions on separation of powers and constitutional adjudication; helps explain why judicial review operates differently in the UK compared with systems where courts can strike down legislation.

Written constitutions (e.g., India, USA) legally restrict legislative power through entrenched provisions and judicial review, unlike the British model.

Important for comparative questions and for understanding constitutional design choices; helps tackle problems on constitutional supremacy, amendment rules, and institutional checks by contrasting Westminster and codified systems.

Courts can invalidate Parliamentary legislation as void or ultra vires, directly constraining legislative authority.

High-yield for constitutional law questions: understanding judicial review explains how laws are checked against the Constitution and links to remedies, separation of powers, and federal disputes. Mastery helps answer questions on constitutional validity, limits on legislation, and court–legislature conflicts.

A written Constitution imposes limitations (e.g., Fundamental Rights, distribution of powers) on Parliament's law-making competence.

Essential for questions on sovereignty, legislative competence, and amendment power; connects to topics like federalism, fundamental rights, and constitutional amendments. Enables analysis of when Parliament can or cannot legislate on particular subjects.

The Constitution strikes a balance between British parliamentary supremacy and American judicial supremacy, creating a mediated system.

Helps frame comparative and normative questions on institutional design, checks and balances, and the role of courts; useful for essay and polity mains answers requiring conceptual clarity on power distribution.

The judiciary can invalidate constitutional amendments that destroy the Constitution's basic features, limiting Parliament's amending power.

High-yield for UPSC because it explains the core constraint on Parliament's amendment power, links constitutional law, fundamental rights and judicial review, and appears repeatedly in questions on constitutional change and landmark cases (e.g., Kesavananda Bharati). Mastering this enables answering questions on limits of legislative power and landmark judicial interventions.