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Q54 (IAS/2021) Polity & Governance › Constitutional Basics & Evolution › Constitutionalism and government Official Key

Constitutional government means

Result
Your answer: —  Âˇ  Correct: D
Explanation

The correct answer is Option 4: a government limited by the terms of the Constitution.

The core concept of Constitutionalism is "Limited Government." It implies that the authority of the government is derived from and limited by a body of fundamental law (the Constitution). This prevents the arbitrary exercise of power and protects individual liberties against state encroachment.

  • Option 1 is incorrect because a constitutional government can exist in unitary states (like the UK) as well as federal ones; federalism is a structural choice, not the definition of constitutionalism.
  • Options 2 and 3 describe specific forms of government—Parliamentary (nominal head) or Presidential (real head). However, a government is "constitutional" only if its powers, whether held by a nominal or real head, are legally restricted.

Therefore, Option 4 is the most accurate as it captures the essential legal limitation that defines a constitutional regime, ensuring that the government operates within prescribed boundaries.

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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. Constitutional government means [A] a representative government of a nation with federal structure [B] a government whose Head enjoys n…
At a glance
Origin: Books + Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 2.5/10 ¡ 5/10
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This is a classic 'Political Theory' question, moving beyond Article memorization to conceptual clarity. It tests if you can distinguish between a specific *type* of constitution (Federal/Parliamentary) and the *definition* of Constitutionalism itself. The answer lies in the first chapter of NCERT Class XI.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Does "constitutional government" mean a representative government of a nation with a federal structure?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 92: World Constitutions > 2021 TEST PAPER > p. 762
Strength: 5/5
“UPSC Questions on Indian Polity (General Studies-Prelims 2013-2023) (c) A Sovereign Secular Democratic Republic (d) A Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic 17. Constitutional government means (a) a representative government of a nation with federal structure (c) a government whose Head enjoys real powers (d) a government limited by the terms of the Constitution 18. Consider the following statements in respect of Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards: Which of the above statements are not correct? • (a) 1 and 2 only • (b) 2 and 3 only • (c) 1 and 3 only • (d) 1, 2 and 3”
Why relevant

This UPSC question lists as options both 'a representative government of a nation with federal structure' and 'a government limited by the terms of the Constitution', implying 'constitutional government' is contrasted with those meanings.

How to extend

A student could use this contrast to test which option fits standard usage by checking other sources/examples where 'constitutional government' is equated with limitation by law rather than necessarily federal/representative form.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 14: Federal System > Federal System > p. 137
Strength: 4/5
“Single government, that is, the national government which may create regional governments • Federal Government: 2. Written Constitution; Unitary Government: 2. Constitution may be written (France) or unwritten (Britain) • Federal Government: 3. Division of powers between the national and regional government; Unitary Government: 3. No division of powers”
Why relevant

Defines key features of a federal government (written constitution, division of powers) showing 'federal' is a distinct technical category.

How to extend

Use this rule to judge that 'federal structure' is a separate property from being 'constitutional' and so cannot be assumed to be implied by 'constitutional government'.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > Federal States > p. 2
Strength: 4/5
“This is what permits diverse peoples and even cultures to join a single state. Their first allegiance may be to their own region, but their ultimate loyalty is towards the state. A federal government has a written constitution that cannot be unilaterally altered. There is division of power between the central government and the component states/provinces. The federal government is generally formed in the countries where the people belong to different racial, ethnic, cultural groups; speak different languages; follow different religions; and have different customs and traditions. In a federal set-up, local governments derive their authority from the regional governments, which themselves possess constitutionally guaranteed autonomy in specified matters of importance.”
Why relevant

States a federal government has a written constitution that cannot be unilaterally altered, linking 'federal' to constitutional entrenchment but not equating 'constitutional government' with 'federal'.

How to extend

A student could compare examples of constitutional governments that are unitary (UK/France) to test whether 'constitutional' always implies federal structure.

Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 3: Concept of the Constitution > D I Federal and Unitary > p. 24
Strength: 4/5
“Based on the nature of relationship between the national government and the regional governments, the constitutions are classified into federal and unitary constitutions. A federal constitution is one which provides for a division of power between the national government and the regional governments. It enables them to operate in their respective jurisdictions independently. Federal constitution is prevalent in the USA, Switzerland, Australia, Canada, Russia, Brazil, and some other states. Unitary constitution is prevalent in the UK, France, Japan, China, Italy, Norway, and other states. The Constitution of India contains both the federal provisions as well as the unitary provisions. Hence, it was described as quasi-federal by K.C.”
Why relevant

Explains classification into federal and unitary constitutions and gives country examples, reinforcing that 'constitutional' systems vary (federal vs unitary).

How to extend

A student can map the examples (e.g., UK is constitutional but unitary) to infer that 'constitutional government' does not necessarily mean 'federal'.

Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 13: The State Executive > 1. The General Structure > p. 269
Strength: 3/5
“. 1. The General Structure As stated at the outset, our Constitution provides for a federal Government, having separate systems of administration for the Union and its Units, namely, the States. The Constitution contains provisions for the governance of both. It lays down a uniform structure for the State Government, in Part VI of the . Constitution, which is applicable to all the States including the erstwhile State of Jammu & Kashmir. [Refer to chapter 15 for details] .”
Why relevant

Says 'our Constitution provides for a federal Government', indicating that 'constitution' can provide for federalism but that 'constitutional' describes the source/instrument rather than guaranteeing any specific form (representative/federal).

How to extend

A student could contrast constitutions that create different forms (federal/unitary, representative/monarchical) to judge whether 'constitutional government' implies the particular combination in the statement.

Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

This statement analysis shows book citations, web sources and indirect clues. The first statement (S1) is open for preview.

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Statement analysis

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