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Q12 (IAS/2022) Geography › World Human & Economic Geography › Global humanitarian issues Official Key

Consider the following statements : 1. Bidibidi is a large refugee settlement in north-western Kenya. 2. Some people who fled from South Sudan civil war live in Bidibidi. 3. Some people who fled from civil war in Somalia live in Dadaab refugee complex in Kenya. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: C
Explanation

The correct answer is Option 3 (2 and 3). This is based on the geographical location and demographic composition of major refugee settlements in East Africa.

  • Statement 1 is incorrect: Bidibidi is located in northwestern Uganda (Yumbe District), not Kenya. It became one of the world's largest refugee settlements following the massive influx of people in 2016.
  • Statement 2 is correct: Bidibidi was specifically established to host refugees fleeing the brutal South Sudan civil war. The vast majority of its inhabitants are South Sudanese nationals.
  • Statement 3 is correct: The Dadaab refugee complex is located in eastern Kenya. For decades, it has served as the primary destination for hundreds of thousands of people fleeing instability, famine, and the protracted civil war in Somalia.

Since statement 1 is geographically inaccurate while statements 2 and 3 correctly identify the refugee-conflict correlations, Option 3 is the only valid choice.

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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. Consider the following statements : 1. Bidibidi is a large refugee settlement in north-western Kenya. 2. Some people who fled from South …
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 6.7/10
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This question is a classic 'Superlative Trap'. Bidibidi was asked not randomly, but because it overtook Dadaab as the 'World's Largest Refugee Settlement' around 2017. If a place becomes #1 globally, you must map its country and the specific conflict causing the influx.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Is the Bidibidi refugee settlement located in north-western Kenya?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Contemporary World Politics, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Security in the Contemporary World > Refugees in the world (2017) > p. 74
Strength: 4/5
“Source: http://www.unhcr.org their country of origin, people who have fled their homes but remain within national borders are called 'internally displaced people'. Kashmiri Pandits that fled the violence in the Kashmir Valley in the early 1990s are an example of an internally displaced community. The world refugee map tallies almost perfectly with the world conflicts map because wars and armed conflicts in the South have generated millions of refugees seeking safe haven. From 1990 to 1995, 70 states were involved in 93 wars which killed about 55 lakh people. As a result, individuals, and families and, at times, whole communities have been forced to migrate because of generalised fear of violence or due to the destruction of livelihoods, identities and living environments.”
Why relevant

Explains that refugee settlements correlate strongly with conflict zones and neighbouring safe areas (world refugee map matches conflict map).

How to extend

A student could check where major recent conflicts generating refugees occurred (and which countries border those conflict zones) on a map to see if Bidibidi plausibly lies in NW Kenya.

Political Theory, Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Citizenship > 6.5 UNIVERSAL CITIZENSHIP > p. 92
Strength: 3/5
“When we think of refugees, or illegal migrants, many images may come to mind. One may be of people from Asia or Africa who have paid agents to smuggle them into Europe or America. The risks are high but they seem willing to make the effort. Another image may be of people displaced by war or famine. Such images are often shown on the television. Refugees in the Darfur region of Sudan, Palestinians, Burmese or Bangladeshis, the examples are many. All these are people who have been forced to become refugees in their own, or neighbouring countries.”
Why relevant

Gives examples of refugee movements being regional (Darfur, Palestinians, Burmese), illustrating refugees often settle in neighbouring countries/regions.

How to extend

Use a map to see which country neighbours the origin of the refugees associated with Bidibidi, to judge whether those flows would point to a site in Kenya or elsewhere.

India and the Contemporary World - I. History-Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: Pastoralists in the Modern World > 3.1 Where have the Grazing Lands Gone? > p. 109
Strength: 3/5
“One of the problems the Maasais have faced is the continuous loss of their grazing lands. Before colonial times, Maasailand stretched over a vast area from north Kenya to the steppes of northern Tanzania. In the late nineteenth century, European imperial powers scrambled for territorial possessions in Africa, slicing up the region into different colonies. In 1885, Maasailand was cut into half with an international boundary between British Kenya and German Tanganyika. Subsequently, the best grazing lands were gradually taken over for white settlement and the Maasai were pushed into a small area in”
Why relevant

Describes the geographic extent of Maasailand (north Kenya to northern Tanzania) and colonial-era boundaries in East Africa, providing context about East African regional geography.

How to extend

Combine this East Africa regional outline with a map to place Kenya relative to neighbouring Uganda/South Sudan—helpful when deciding if a named settlement (Bidibidi) is likely in NW Kenya or across the border.

India and the Contemporary World - I. History-Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: Pastoralists in the Modern World > On Tanganyika > p. 110
Strength: 3/5
“south Kenya and north Tanzania. The Maasai lost about 60 per cent of their pre-colonial lands. They were confined to an arid zone with uncertain rainfall and poor pastures. From the late nineteenth century, the British colonial government in east Africa also encouraged local peasant communities to expand cultivation. As cultivation expanded, pasturelands were turned into cultivated fields. In pre-colonial times, the Maasai pastoralists had dominated their agricultural neighbours both economically and politically. By the end of colonial rule the situation had reversed. Large areas of grazing land were also turned into game reserves like the Maasai Mara and Samburu National Park in Kenya and Serengeti Park in Tanzania.”
Why relevant

Further notes Kenya/Tanzania geography and how territories were partitioned in East Africa, reinforcing the need to use regional maps for precise location.

How to extend

A student could use these regional pointers plus a political map of East Africa to test whether Bidibidi’s reported location fits within north-western Kenya or in a neighbouring country.

Politics in India since Independence, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Regional Aspirations > The North-East > p. 130
Strength: 2/5
“and many other places in the North-East. This problem is particularly acute, for example, in Tripura as the original inhabitants have been reduced to being a minority in their own land. The same feeling informs the hostility of the local population to Chakma refugees in Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh. To end the news, here is a look at the activities of terrorists in the four regions... Punjab, Darjeeling, Delhi, Mizoram Credit: HT book of Cartoon Rambabu Mathur”
Why relevant

Mentions that local populations react to incoming refugees (example: Chakma refugees in Indian states), illustrating that refugee settlements are often notable enough to be regionally identified.

How to extend

Use this pattern (refugee groups tied to particular localities) to look up which national/local area is commonly associated with the Bidibidi name on a map or in reports, to accept or reject a NW Kenya location.

Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

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