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Q13 (IAS/2022) International Relations & Global Affairs › International Organisations & Groupings › Intergovernmental groupings Official Key

Consider the following countries : 1. Armenia 2. Azerbaijan 3. Croatia 4. Romania 5. Uzbekistan Which of the above are members of the Organization of Turkic States ?

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: C
Explanation

The correct answer is Option 3 (2 and 5). The Organization of Turkic States (OTS), formerly the Turkic Council, is an intergovernmental organization comprising countries with Turkic ethnic and linguistic roots.

The current member states are Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, and Uzbekistan. Hungary, Turkmenistan, and Northern Cyprus hold observer status. Analysis of the options reveals:

  • Azerbaijan (2) and Uzbekistan (5): Both are founding/full members, making Option 3 correct.
  • Armenia (1): Despite its geographical proximity, it shares a complex history with Turkic nations and is not a member.
  • Croatia (3) and Romania (4): These are Balkan/European nations. While Romania has historical links to the Ottoman Empire, neither is a member of the OTS.

Therefore, only Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan fulfill the membership criteria of the OTS among the listed countries, validating Option 3 as the only accurate choice for the UPSC examination.

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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. Consider the following countries : 1. Armenia 2. Azerbaijan 3. Croatia 4. Romania 5. Uzbekistan Which of the above are members of the Org…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 4/10
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This is a 'Name Literalism' test disguised as a Current Affairs question. While the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) was in the news, you didn't need the news to solve it. You needed the static historical definition of 'Turkic' peoples versus Slavic/European peoples to eliminate the outliers (Armenia, Croatia, Romania).

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Is Armenia a member of the Organization of Turkic States?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 18: International Economic Institutions > Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) > p. 551
Strength: 5/5
“The EAEU was established by the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union (2014). The EAEU promotes free movement of goods, services, capital, etc. It provides common policies in transport, industry and agriculture, energy, etc. within the Union and fosters competitiveness and cooperation between the member states. Its member states include Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation.”
Why relevant

Lists Armenia as a member of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), showing Armenia's formal participation in a regional bloc that groups it with Russia and several Central Asian states.

How to extend

A student could infer that Armenia's institutional ties to Eurasian/Russian-led organizations make membership in a separate Turkic-focused bloc less likely and check membership lists of the Organization of Turkic States.

Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science, Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Reshaping India’s Political Map > Spellings, spellings … > p. 23
Strength: 4/5
“Many of these invaders were Central Asian — Turkic or Afghan. They were drawn to India not only for her reputed riches and for territorial ambitions, but also often to spread, by force of violence if necessary, their own versions of their religion. Let us now explore in this chapter the ever-changing landscape of India from the 13th century onward. Turkic: Refers to peoples, languages, and cultures historically associated with a vast region stretching across Central Asia, all the way to Turkey and Siberia. 23Tapestry of the Past 2 – Reshaping India's Political Map”
Why relevant

Gives a concise definition of 'Turkic' as peoples/languages/cultures spanning Central Asia to Turkey, establishing what 'Turkic' membership would imply.

How to extend

A student could compare Armenia's ethnic/linguistic identity (implied non-Turkic here) with the Turkic definition to assess whether Armenia fits typical membership criteria.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 14: The Mughal Empire > 14.1 Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur (1526-1530) > p. 200
Strength: 4/5
“The race for political supremacy in Central Asia amongst the Uzbeks (Turkic ethnic group), the Safavids (the members of the dynasty that ruled Iran patronising Shia Islam) and the Ottomans (Turkish people practicing Sunni Babur Islam) forced Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur, the ruler of Samarkand, to seek his career prospects elsewhere. Historically, the trade conducted by countries of Central Asia through the Silk Route with India had provided the required knowledge about the country (India) they were interested in. Babur, a boy of eleven, inherited the throne of Samarkand (now a city in Uzbekistan) from his father. As there were enemies all round him, he lost his throne but soon reclaimed it.”
Why relevant

Provides examples of Turkic peoples (e.g., Uzbeks) and locates Turkic groups in Central Asia, illustrating the typical geographic/ethnic composition of Turkic groupings.

How to extend

A student could contrast Armenia's geographic and ethnolinguistic profile with those Turkic examples to judge plausibility of Armenian membership.

Contemporary World Politics, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 1: The End of Bipolarity > Tensions and Conflicts > p. 10
Strength: 4/5
“Most of the former Soviet Republics are prone to conflicts, and many have had civil wars and insurgencies. Complicating the picture is the growing involvement of outside powers. In Russia, two republics, Chechnya and Dagestan, have had violent secessionist movements. Moscow's method of dealing with the Chechen rebels and indiscriminate military bombings have led to many human rights violations but failed to deter the aspirations for independence. In Central Asia, Tajikistan witnessed a civil war that went on for ten years till 2001. The region as a whole has many sectarian conflicts. In Azerbaijan's province of Nagorno-Karabakh, some local Armenians want to secede and join Armenia.”
Why relevant

Notes conflict between Azerbaijan (a Turkic country) and Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh, highlighting political/ethnic tensions between Armenia and a leading Turkic state.

How to extend

A student could reason that adversarial relations with a prominent Turkic member (Azerbaijan) would make Armenia's membership in a Turkic organization politically unlikely and thus check the organization's roster.

India and the Contemporary World - I. History-Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution > 2.1 The Russian Empire in 1914 > p. 30
Strength: 3/5
“In 1914, Tsar Nicholas II ruled Russia and its empire. Besides the territory around Moscow, the Russian empire included current-day Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, parts of Poland, Ukraine and Belarus. It stretched to the Pacific and comprised today's Central Asian states, as well as Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. The majority religion was Russian Orthodox Christianity – which had grown out of the Greek Orthodox Church – but the empire also included Catholics, Protestants, Muslims and Buddhists. India and the Contemporary World”
Why relevant

States that Armenia was part of the Russian Empire/Soviet space, reinforcing Armenia's historical and institutional links to Russia rather than to Turkic blocs.

How to extend

A student could use this historical alignment to hypothesize Armenia's tendency to join post-Soviet/Russia-oriented organizations and then verify membership of the Organization of Turkic States.

Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

This statement analysis shows book citations, web sources and indirect clues. The first statement (S1) is open for preview.

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Statement analysis

This statement analysis shows book citations, web sources and indirect clues. The first statement (S1) is open for preview.

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Statement analysis

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