Consider the following countries : 1. Azerbaijan 2. Kyrgyzstan 3. Tajikistan 4. Turkmenistan 5. Uzbekistan Which of the above have borders with Afghanistan ?

Lists Afghanistan as one of India's land neighbours in the northwest and notes India’s very short border with Afghanistan (80 km), placing Afghanistan in the south‑central/ south‑west Asian neighbourhood.

A student can place Afghanistan on a world/regional map (south‑central Asia) and check whether Azerbaijan lies adjacent to that same area or separated by other states/seas.

States India shares land boundaries with Afghanistan in the northwest, reinforcing Afghanistan’s location relative to the Indian subcontinent.

Use this relative position (NW of India) on a map to compare distances and intervening countries between Afghanistan and Azerbaijan.

Describes the Durand Line and British contacts beyond the Indus, indicating Afghanistan’s long land frontier with territories west of the Indus (modern Pakistan region).

Combine this with a map to see that Afghanistan borders Pakistan/Iran regions, which could lie between Afghanistan and any country farther west like Azerbaijan.

Mentions Shortugai (Afghanistan) in relation to the Indus civilisation and locates Sutkagen-dor on the Pakistan–Iran border, giving clues about Afghanistan’s proximity to Pakistan and Iran.

A student can use these placements to infer that Iran/Pakistan occupy land between Afghanistan and countries further west, and then check whether Azerbaijan is contiguous or separated by Iran/the Caspian Sea.

Identifies Kyrgyzstan as one of the Central Asian republics and states that 'Central Asia' is next to Afghanistan, linking Kyrgyzstan to the general neighbourhood of Afghanistan.

A student could check a political map of Central Asia to see which specific Central Asian states (e.g., Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan) actually touch Afghanistan and whether Kyrgyzstan is one of them.

Describes Central Asian states' geographic and strategic proximity to Afghanistan (mentions US bases, overflight), reinforcing that some Central Asian republics lie close to or border Afghanistan.

Use a map to compare where the countries that hosted bases lie relative to Afghanistan to infer which Central Asian states are contiguous with Afghanistan and whether Kyrgyzstan is contiguous.

Discusses historical boundary-making in the northwest frontier (Durand Line) and Afghanistan's borders with areas now in Pakistan, illustrating that Afghanistan's land borders lie to the south/west of Central Asian and South Asian regions.

Combine this with a map of modern states to see Afghanistan's northern neighbours and determine if Kyrgyzstan lies on that northern frontier or is separated by other states.

Notes Afghanistan's geographic relation to India (India shares a land boundary with Afghanistan in the northwest), giving contextual placement of Afghanistan in south/central Asia.

A student could place Afghanistan on a regional map relative to India and the Central Asian republics to judge whether Kyrgyzstan is directly adjacent or separated by other countries.

Mentions construction of roads and airfields in Tajikistan and Afghanistan by the same organisation, implying they are in the same broader region where cross-border infrastructure projects occur.

A student could use a map to check whether Tajikistan and Afghanistan are adjacent (making joint regional projects plausible) or separated by other countries.

Describes 'Central Asian states' as the region where the US sought bases during the Afghanistan wars and refers to Russian/Chinese interests in that region, linking Afghanistan with Central Asia.

A student could identify Tajikistan as one of the Central Asian states on a political map to see if it lies next to Afghanistan.

Lists 'Tajikistan' as an identifiable country in an exercise, signalling it is a distinct nation students are expected to recognise (useful for looking it up on a map).

A student could locate Tajikistan on a world map and then check its borders relative to Afghanistan.

References Shortugai (Afghanistan) as a northern boundary of an ancient civilisation, connecting Afghanistan with regions to its north (Central Asian direction).

A student could infer Afghanistan has northern neighbours in Central Asia and then check whether Tajikistan is among those northern neighbours on a map.

Mentions 'Central Asian states' being geopolitically close to Afghanistan and used for bases/overflight after 2001, implying geographic proximity between Afghanistan and countries of Central Asia.

A student could take this rule (Central Asian states lie close to Afghanistan) and check a map/list of Central Asian states (including Turkmenistan) to see which actually touch Afghanistan.

Refers to Shortugai (Afghanistan) as a northern site of the Indus civilisation, showing Afghanistan extends northward toward regions associated with Central Asia.

Use this example to reason that Afghanistan's northern frontier reaches into Central Asian geography and then consult a map to see which Central Asian countries (e.g., Turkmenistan) lie along that frontier.

Describes drawing of a boundary (Durand Line) between Afghanistan and British Indian territories, illustrating that Afghanistan has multiple land borders formed by negotiated demarcations.

From the general pattern that Afghanistan has multiple land borders, a student can inspect modern maps to determine all neighbouring countries and test whether Turkmenistan is among them.

States India shares a land boundary with Afghanistan in the northwest, indicating Afghanistan's position relative to South and Central Asia.

Combine this orientation (Afghanistan northwest of India) with a regional map to trace Afghanistan's other neighbours in Central Asia and check if Turkmenistan is adjacent.

Mentions Shortugai (Afghanistan) as a northern site of the Indus civilisation, indicating Afghanistan reaches into the northern/central Asian zone.

A student could use a world/region map to note that if Afghanistan extends northward into Central Asia, it may meet other Central Asian states (one could then check whether Uzbekistan lies immediately north of that part of Afghanistan).

Describes the Durand Line delimiting British and Afghan territories in the northwest of the subcontinent, showing Afghanistan has defined landfrontiers with neighbouring polities to its east and west.

Using the idea that Afghanistan has several land frontiers drawn with neighbouring regions, a student could consult a regional map to identify all countries bordering Afghanistan and see if Uzbekistan is among them.

Lists Afghanistan as one of India’s land-border neighbours and notes its relatively short frontier with India, which implies Afghanistan lies adjacent to South-Central Asian states.

Given Afghanistan’s placement adjacent to South/Central Asia, a student could look at a map of Central Asia to determine which Central Asian republics (e.g., Uzbekistan) lie next to Afghanistan.