With reference to the United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea, consider the following statements : 1. A coastal state has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured from baseline determined in accordance with the convention. 2. Ships of all states, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea. 3. The Exclusive Economic Zone shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. Which of the statements given above are correct ?

States (India in this text) are described as extending territorial waters to a distance of 12 nautical miles measured from the appropriate baseline — a clear rule about breadth and baseline measurement.

A student could take this national practice as an example of an accepted international norm and compare it with UNCLOS text or other states' practice to judge whether 12 nm is the conventional upper limit.

A regulatory notification is said to cover '12 nautical miles in the sea', indicating administrative/regulatory recognition of a 12 nm zone seaward of baselines.

Use this as evidence that coastal regulation treats 12 nm as a distinct maritime band; a student could check international law instruments (or other coastal states' regulations) to see if 12 nm is the internationally referenced limit.

An independent school-level source repeats that territorial waters extend 12 nautical miles from the appropriate baseline — reinforcing the pattern across different texts.

Treat repeated national textbook statements as a pattern of state practice; then consult authoritative international sources (UNCLOS or summaries) to test whether 12 nm corresponds to the Convention's limit.

Gives the modern rule that territorial waters extend to 12 nautical miles from the baseline — a factual delimitation of the zone called 'territorial sea'.

A student could combine this with a world map to identify which sea areas are territorial seas and then ask whether passage through those 12-nm belts is governed by a uniform rule for all foreign ships.

States an a priori international principle: 'Freedom to travel across the sea without hindrance' (Atlantic Charter), which is a historical precedent for free passage rules at sea.

A student could treat this principle as supporting the idea that international law favors some freedom of navigation and then check specific treaty rules (e.g., UNCLOS) to see if that freedom includes ships of land‑locked states in territorial seas.

Lists 'Maritime shipping and navigation' as a distinct legal/administrative topic, indicating that shipping/navigation is a regulated subject in public law and governed by specific rules.

A student could infer that since navigation is a regulated field, there will be codified international rules (such as regarding passage rights) that specify which ships have which rights.

Repeats that 'Maritime shipping and navigation' and related matters (lighthouses, ports) are discrete legal categories, suggesting the existence of comprehensive legal frameworks for maritime movement and access.

A student might look up those legal frameworks (e.g., UNCLOS) referenced by such categories to see whether they explicitly address which states' ships may exercise innocent passage.

Notes sovereign rights over 'things underlying the ocean within the territorial waters', implying states exercise sovereignty in the territorial sea — which makes any rule permitting foreign passage a specific limitation on that sovereignty.

A student could use this to reason that any right of passage is an exception to coastal state sovereignty and therefore likely to be defined precisely in international law (prompting examination of treaty text for who benefits from that exception).