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In the context of vaccines manufactured to prevent COVID-19 pandemic, consider the following statements : 1. The Serum Institute of India produced COVID-19 vaccine named Covishield using mRNA platform. 2. Sputnik V vaccine is manufactured using vector based platform. 3. COVAXIN is an inactivated pathogen based vaccine. Which of the statements given above are correct ?
Explanation
The correct answer is Option 2 (2 and 3 only) based on the technological platforms used for COVID-19 vaccine development.
- Statement 1 is incorrect: Covishield, produced by the Serum Institute of India, is a viral vector vaccine (using a modified chimpanzee adenovirus), not an mRNA vaccine. mRNA platforms were utilized by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna.
- Statement 2 is correct: The Sputnik V vaccine, developed by Russia’s Gamaleya Institute, utilizes a heterogeneous recombinant adenovirus vector platform (Ad26 and Ad5) to deliver the genetic code of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
- Statement 3 is correct: COVAXIN, developed by Bharat Biotech in collaboration with ICMR, is a traditional inactivated pathogen-based vaccine. It uses a killed version of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to trigger an immune response without causing disease.
Therefore, since statements 2 and 3 accurately describe the vaccine technologies while statement 1 misidentifies the platform for Covishield, Option 2 is the right choice.
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Guest previewThis is a 'Headline Awareness' question disguised as Science & Tech. While static books define vaccine types generally, linking 'Covishield' to 'Viral Vector' required reading the newspaper during the pandemic. Strategy: For any major S&T solution in the news, memorize the 'Mechanism' (How it works) and the 'Maker' (Who built it).
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: In the context of COVID-19 vaccines, did the Serum Institute of India produce the vaccine named Covishield?
- Statement 2: In the context of COVID-19 vaccines, does Covishield use an mRNA vaccine platform?
- Statement 3: In the context of COVID-19 vaccines, does Sputnik V use a viral vector–based vaccine platform?
- Statement 4: In the context of COVID-19 vaccines, is COVAXIN an inactivated (whole-virion) vaccine?
- Directly names 'Covishield' as Serum Institute of India's COVID-19 vaccine.
- States SII applied for emergency use authorization for that vaccine, implying SII produced/was responsible for it.
- Confirms Serum Institute of India manufactured COVID-19 vaccines in partnership with AstraZeneca.
- Supports that SII was the manufacturer for the AstraZeneca-derived vaccine produced in India (branded Covishield).
States that India is one of the world's largest vaccine producers and that Indian vaccine companies played a key role during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A student could use this to narrow likely producers to major Indian vaccine firms (e.g., large-scale manufacturers) and then check which firms had COVID-19 vaccine contracts or brand names.
Says India produced COVID-19 vaccines in large volumes for domestic use and export, implying that existing large manufacturers scaled up production.
One could infer that prominent mass-producing Indian firms were plausible producers of specific vaccine brands and then look up which firm produced a named vaccine like Covishield.
Describes government initiatives (PACT, Mission COVID Suraksha) to support development and clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines, showing institutional support for domestic vaccine production.
This suggests a context where Indian manufacturers could produce licensed vaccines; a student could next match known vaccine names to manufacturers participating in these programs or receiving approvals.
Notes international moves to allow TRIPS flexibilities to diversify vaccine manufacturing, indicating that multiple producers within countries (including India) might have produced COVID-19 vaccines under license or through tech transfer.
A student could use this to support investigating which Indian manufacturers produced licensed/global vaccine formulations (such as the AstraZeneca/Oxford vaccine) and which brand names they used domestically.
Highlights that many economic measures were undertaken to fight COVID-19 and that only salient items are listed, implying governmental coordination in vaccine-related activity.
This general context could prompt checking official government procurement/approval records to link specific vaccine brand names to their domestic manufacturers.
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This statement analysis shows book citations, web sources and indirect clues. The first statement (S1) is open for preview.
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This statement analysis shows book citations, web sources and indirect clues. The first statement (S1) is open for preview.
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