Question map
Consider the following statements : 1. The Government of India provides Minimum Support Price for niger (Guizotia abyssinica) seeds. 2. Niger is cultivated as a Kharif crop. 3. Some tribal people in India use niger seed oil for cooking. How many of the above statements are correct?
Explanation
The correct answer is Option 3 (All three) because all the provided statements are factually accurate according to agricultural and governmental data in India.
- Statement 1 is correct: The Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) recommends, and the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) announces, the Minimum Support Price (MSP) for 22 mandated crops, which includes Niger seed as one of the seven oilseeds.
- Statement 2 is correct: Niger is primarily grown as a Kharif crop in India, though it is also cultivated as a rabi crop in some southern parts. It is well-suited for low-fertility soils and rainfed conditions.
- Statement 3 is correct: Niger seed oil is a major source of edible oil for tribal populations in states like Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and Madhya Pradesh. They use it for cooking, as well as for medicinal and ritual purposes.
Since all three statements are true, Option 3 is the right choice.
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis question masquerades as a niche botany query but is actually a standard 'MSP List' check. If you had memorized the official MSP crop list (which categorizes crops by season), Statements 1 and 2 were static knowledge. Statement 3 is a classic 'possibilistic' statement that is almost always true.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Does the Government of India provide a Minimum Support Price (MSP) for niger (Guizotia abyssinica) seeds?
- Statement 2: Is niger (Guizotia abyssinica) cultivated as a Kharif crop in India?
- Statement 3: Do some tribal communities in India use niger (Guizotia abyssinica) seed oil for cooking?
- Explicit crop list includes 'niger seed' among crops grouped under MSP/related oilseed support.
- Places niger seed alongside other notified oilseeds, implying it is covered by MSP-related mechanisms.
- States that MSP is declared for 25 crops, establishing a formal list of notified crops to which MSP applies.
- Explains that while procurement focuses on some crops, MSP declarations exist for a wider set of crops (context for niger being listed).
- Describes the formal government process for announcing MSP (Ministry of Agriculture, CACP recommendation, CCEA approval).
- Confirms MSP is an annual government-declared price announced before sowing, showing institutional backing for MSP-covered crops.
- Explicitly refers to Niger (Guizotia abyssinica) as a Kharif minor oilseed crop.
- Mentions a project for large scale production in local blocks (implying Indian context).
- Describes trials for Niger being conducted during the Kharif (rainy) season in 2021.
- Associates the Kharif season with a project on development of DUS test guidelines for Niger in India.
- States that niger is widely used and extensively farmed in India.
- Supports the claim that Niger is a cultivated oilseed in the Indian subcontinent.
Defines oilseeds as a crop group and gives examples (groundnut, rapeseed, soybean, sunflower) and notes groundnut is largely a rainfed kharif crop in drylands.
A student could compare niger (an oilseed) climate/soil needs and its growing regions on a map to those dryland, rainfed kharif oilseed zones to judge if niger fits the kharif pattern.
States that oilseeds are among the dominant crops in the kharif season (lists 'rice, maize, millets, bajra, ragi, oilseeds, and pulses').
Use this general rule that many oilseeds are kharif to hypothesize niger (an oilseed) may also be cultivated in kharif and then check regional seasonality for niger.
Gives a clear definition of kharif crops: sown with onset of monsoon and harvested in Sept-Oct, and lists main kharif crops including oilseed examples (groundnut).
A student can test whether niger's sowing and harvesting calendar aligns with monsoon timing to infer if it is grown as a kharif crop.
Gives examples of oilseed crops with seasonal variation (e.g., sesamum is kharif in north, rabi in south; castor both seasons), showing that oilseeds can be kharif depending on region.
Compare niger's regional cultivation areas with these seasonal patterns (north/south patterns) to predict whether it is kharif in those regions.
Explains environmental requirements of a typical kharif crop (high temperature, high humidity, reliance on southwest monsoon) using rice as an example.
Check whether niger's temperature and rainfall requirements overlap with monsoon conditions to infer suitability as a kharif crop.
- Explicitly states niger (ramtil) oil is used in tribal food contexts.
- Links the oil to culinary uses (cuisines and pickles), which supports cooking use by tribal communities.
- Describes niger as an oilseed crop grown in India.
- Says the seed contains high oil content and 'is used for food purposes', supporting edible/cooking use.
- Notes traditional tribal uses of niger seeds, indicating cultural/traditional knowledge and utilization by tribal communities.
- While focused on medicinal uses, it corroborates that tribal communities have long used niger seeds and derived products.
This snippet explicitly lists 'Niger' among the common oil seed crops, implying it is an oil-bearing seed crop.
A student could note that if niger is an oilseed crop, communities growing it may press it for oil and then check regional cultivation maps or ethnographic reports for tribal areas where niger is grown.
Defines oil-bearing crops and explicitly includes 'niger seed' as an example of oilseeds used to extract edible and industrial oils.
Combine this with knowledge that tribal groups often use locally available edible oils to infer niger oil could be used locally for cooking in areas where it grows.
States that most listed oilseeds are edible and used as cooking mediums, establishing a general pattern that oilseeds commonly supply cooking oils.
A student could apply this general rule to niger (an oilseed in other snippets) and then check if niger cultivation overlaps tribal regions to assess plausibility.
Notes that many tribal areas rely on shifting and rudimentary cultivation with low yields and depend on local crops, implying reliance on locally available agricultural products.
Use this to hypothesize that tribal communities in niger-growing zones might use locally produced niger oil for household needs, then verify with regional ethnographic sources.
- [THE VERDICT]: Doable Trap. Statement 1 is standard static (MSP list). Statement 2 is derived from the MSP list classification (Kharif vs Rabi). Statement 3 is 'Common Sense'. Source: Standard Economy Texts (Singhania/Vivek Singh).
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Agriculture > MSP Regime > The specific list of 23 notified crops.
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 7 MSP Oilseeds and their seasons: 1. Groundnut (Kharif), 2. Soybean (Kharif), 3. Nigerseed (Kharif), 4. Sesamum (Kharif), 5. Sunflower (Kharif), 6. Rapeseed-Mustard (Rabi), 7. Safflower (Rabi). Note that Safflower and Mustard are the distinct Rabi oilseeds.
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Do not just memorize '23 crops'. Group them by Season (Kharif/Rabi) and Type (Cereal/Pulse/Oilseed). UPSC tests the *attributes* of the items on the list, not just the names.
Certain crops are explicitly notified for MSP and niger seed is listed among those oilseeds.
High-yield: questions often ask which crops receive MSP or probe coverage gaps; mastering the notified-crops list helps answer policy, procurement and farmer-incentive questions. Connects to topics on crop-specific procurement, regional cropping patterns and food security policy.
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > Objectives of MSP include: > p. 329
- Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 10: Agriculture - Part I > 10.3 Minimum Support Price (MSP) > p. 306
The Government announces MSP after CACP recommendation and CCEA approval through the Ministry of Agriculture.
Important for governance and policy questions: explains institutional procedure for price support decisions, useful for essays and polity-economy linkage questions on administrative roles and accountability in agricultural policy.
- Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 10: Agriculture - Part I > 10.3 Minimum Support Price (MSP) > p. 305
PM-AASHA and its components aim to ensure remunerative prices for pulses and oilseeds, covering gaps around MSP implementation.
Covers schemes-based approaches to MSP shortfalls β valuable for questions on scheme design, market interventions and farmer income support; links to public procurement, buffer policies and rural welfare measures.
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > Objectives of MSP include: > p. 329
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 6: Economic Planning in India > I. Contribution in major Agricultural Sector Reforms: > p. 146
Distinguishing kharif and rabi seasons is essential to classify whether a crop is grown during the monsoon (kharif) or winter (rabi).
High-yield concept for UPSC geography and agriculture questions: it helps determine sowing/harvest timing, crop lists, and seasonal vulnerability to monsoon or frost. It connects to topics on cropping patterns, food security and regional cropping calendars, and enables elimination-based answers on crop-season classification questions.
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > rightarrow Kharif crop > p. 290
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > 3. Predominance of Food Grains > p. 7
Oilseed crops often differ in seasonality by crop and region (e.g., groundnut is largely a kharif crop but may be rabi in the south).
Important for questions on crop distribution and regional agriculture: explains why the same oilseed can have different growing seasons across India and informs answers about crop adaptation and policy for oilseed production.
- INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 3: Land Resources and Agriculture > Oilseeds > p. 30
- NCERT. (2022). Contemporary India II: Textbook in Geography for Class X (Revised ed.). NCERT. > Chapter 4: The Age of Industrialisation > Food Crops other than Grains > p. 85
Whether a crop is sown in kharif often depends on monsoon arrival and the availability of irrigation versus rainfed conditions.
Crucial for understanding cropping choices, sowing times and regional productivity differences; links to disaster vulnerability, irrigation policy and crop planning questions in UPSC. It lets aspirants reason why certain crops are kharif in some areas but not others.
- Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 12: Major Crops and Cropping Patterns in India > Time of Sowing > p. 25
- INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 3: Land Resources and Agriculture > Oilseeds > p. 30
Oilseed crops are processed to yield edible cooking oils and also serve as raw material for industrial products.
High-yield concept for agriculture and economy questions: explains the role of oilseed cultivation in food security, industry and trade; links to policy debates on edible oil production, import substitution and rural livelihoods. Enables answering questions on crop use, value chains, and sectoral policy.
- NCERT. (2022). Contemporary India II: Textbook in Geography for Class X (Revised ed.). NCERT. > Chapter 4: The Age of Industrialisation > Food Crops other than Grains > p. 85
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > Oil crop > p. 290
- Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 25: Agriculture > Oil Seed Crops > p. 353
Safflower (Kardi). It is the 'Rabi sibling' to Niger. While Niger is a Kharif oilseed, Safflower is a Rabi oilseed under MSP. It is often grown in drylands of Maharashtra/Karnataka. Expect a question comparing Mustard (Rabi) vs Safflower (Rabi) vs Niger (Kharif).
The 'Some + Utility' Rule: Statement 3 says 'Some tribal people... use... for cooking.' In UPSC, unless a plant is explicitly known to be poisonous (like Castor beans, which require processing), a statement claiming 'some' people use an agricultural product for food is 99% likely to be TRUE. It is impossible to prove that *no* tribal person uses it.
GS3 (Economy) & GS2 (Social Justice): Niger cultivation is linked to the 'Van Dhan Vikas Yojana' and TRIFED. It is a classic example of 'Tribal Entrepreneurship' where a traditional crop is branded as a superfood for export, linking Agriculture to Tribal Welfare.