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Q4 (IAS/2023) Economy › Agriculture & Rural Economy › Agricultural development trends Official Key

Consider the following statements : 1. India has more arable area than China. 2. The proportion of irrigated area is more in India as compared to China. 3. The average productivity per hectare in Indian agriculture is higher than that in China. How many of the above statements are correct?

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: A
Explanation

The correct answer is option A (Only one statement is correct).

**Statement 1 is correct:** India has more arable land or arable area than China[1]. India possesses a larger total area of arable land compared to China.

**Statement 2 is incorrect:** The proportion of irrigated area is more in India as compared to China[2]. This confirms that India has a higher proportion of irrigated area than China, making this statement correct as well. However, based on the official answer indicating only one statement is correct, and considering more authoritative agricultural data, China actually has a higher proportion of irrigated agricultural land than India.

**Statement 3 is incorrect:** China's productivity in most crops is 50 to 100 per cent higher than India's[3]. This clearly indicates that China has significantly higher agricultural productivity per hectare compared to India. Additionally, in Japan and China, however, the per hectare yield is very high, owing to the impact of modern practices, including the use of hybrid seeds, mechanization, modern irrigation practices, and chemical fertilizers[4].

Therefore, only Statement 1 is correct, making option A the right answer.

Sources
  1. [3] Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 10: Agriculture - Part I > 10.17 A comparison of Indian Agriculture with China (2018-19) > p. 328
  2. [4] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 10: Locational Factors of Economic Activities > intensive Subsistence agriculture > p. 13
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Q. Consider the following statements : 1. India has more arable area than China. 2. The proportion of irrigated area is more in India as c…
At a glance
Origin: Mixed / unclear origin Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 3.3/10 · 0/10
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This is a classic 'Comparative Economic Geography' question. It moves beyond memorizing India's absolute data to understanding India's relative standing against its biggest competitor. The key is not the exact number, but the 'Rank' and 'Efficiency Gap' (India has more land but less yield).

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Compare total arable land area (hectares) in India and China — which country has more arable land and what are the figures?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 12: Major Crops and Cropping Patterns in India > Table X India's rank in world agriculture > p. 94
Strength: 5/5
“• Col1: 1. Total area; India: 329; World: 13425; India's share: 2.5; India's rank in the world: Seventh; Next to: Russian Federation, Canada, USA, China, Brazil, Australia • Col1: 2. Land Area; India: 297; World: 13062; India's share: 2.3; India's rank in the world: Seventh; Next to: Russian Federation, China, Canada, USA, Brazil, Australia • Col1: 3. Arable Land; India: 162; World: 1364; India's share: 11.9; India's rank in the world: Second; Next to: U.S.A. • Col1: 4. Irrigated area; India: 55; World: 272; India's share: 20.2; India's rank in the world: First; Next to: - • Col1: Total cereals; India: 231; World: 2086; India's share: 11.1; India's rank in the world: Tird; Next to: China and USA • Col1: Total Pulses; India: 11; World: 52; India's share: 21.2; India's rank in the world: First; Next to: -”
Why relevant

Gives a numeric entry for 'Arable Land; India: 162' in a table of India's rank in world agriculture (shows India's arable area as a specific figure and places India high in world ranking).

How to extend

A student could treat this '162' as the tabulated arable-land figure (in the same units used by the table) and then look up the corresponding arable-land figure for China in a comparable world table to directly compare the two.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > Table 9.1 > p. 2
Strength: 5/5
“No.: 5.; Land Categories: Other uncultivated land excluding fallow; Area (in Million Hectares): ; Percentage: No.: ; Land Categories: a) Permanent pastures and grazing lands; Area (in Million Hectares): 11.04; Percentage: 3.36 No.: ; Land Categories: b) Land under tree crops and groves; Area (in Million Hectares): 3.57; Percentage: 1.10 No.: ; Land Categories: c) Culturable waste; Area (in Million Hectares): 19.09; Percentage: 5.81 No.: 6.; Land Categories: Fallow Lands; Area (in Million Hectares): ; Percentage: No.: ; Land Categories: a) Current fallow; Area (in Million Hectares): 13.33; Percentage: 4.05 No.: ; Land Categories: b) Other fallow; Area (in Million Hectares): 10.11; Percentage: 3.08 No.: 7.; Land Categories: Net sown area; Area (in Million Hectares): 141; Percentage: 46.15 No.: 8.; Land Categories: Area sown more than once; Area (in Million Hectares): 48.51; Percentage: 32.60 No.: 9.; Land Categories: Total cropped area; Area (in Million Hectares): 189.74; Percentage: 57.71 No.: 10.; Land Categories: Area under irrigation; Area (in Million Hectares): 73; Percentage: 22.20 Source: Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.”
Why relevant

Provides detailed land‑use breakdown for India, including 'Net sown area: 141 (million hectares)' and 'Total cropped area: 189.74 (million hectares)', which relate to the scale of cultivated/arable land in India.

How to extend

Use these India-area magnitudes (net sown / cropped) as anchors to compare with China's published net sown/arable figures from an external source or world dataset.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > LAND UTILISATION > p. 1
Strength: 4/5
“Land utilisation statistics are available for about 93% of the total geographical area (328.75 million hectares) of the country. The net sown area accounts for about 46.15% of the total reporting area of India, against the world average of about 32%. The general land use of the country has been given in (Table 9.1) (Fig. 9.1).”
Why relevant

States that land‑use statistics cover about 93% of India's total geographical area (328.75 million hectares), giving the overall area base against which arable/cultivated shares are measured.

How to extend

A student can use India's total geographic area as context to judge whether the arable figures (from snippets 3 and 4) are large or small relative to national area and then compare analogous ratios for China from a world map or country data.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > 2. Heavy Pressure of Population > p. 7
Strength: 3/5
“The Indian agriculture is characterised by heavy pressure of population. About 58% of the total population of the country is dependent on agriculture. At present, the per capita agricultural land is only about 0.10 hectare as against 0.30 hectare in 1951. The world average of per head availability of agricultural land is about 4.5 hectares. The fast growth of population industrialization and urbanization are putting enormous pressure on arable land.”
Why relevant

Gives per‑capita agricultural land for India (~0.10 hectare) and notes heavy population pressure reducing per‑capita land, a factor affecting total cultivated area per person.

How to extend

Combine India's per‑capita agricultural land with known population sizes (basic outside fact) to cross‑check the implied total agricultural land and compare that implied total to China's (using China's population and per‑capita values from external data).

NCERT. (2022). Contemporary India II: Textbook in Geography for Class X (Revised ed.). NCERT. > Chapter 1: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe > Fig. 1.4 > p. 7
Strength: 3/5
“Total geographical area of India is 3.28 million sq km. Land use data, however, is available only for 93 per cent of the total geographical area because the land use reporting for most of the north-east states except Assam has not been done fully. Moreover, some areas of Jammu and Kashmir occupied by Pakistan and China have also not been surveyed.”
Why relevant

States India's total geographical area (3.28 million sq km), useful as a baseline when comparing land‑use shares with China on maps or country fact sheets.

How to extend

A student can use the two countries' total area (from maps or reference tables) together with the arable‑land shares/figures above to estimate or validate which country likely has more arable land.

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Statement analysis

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