Question map
Consider the following trees : 1. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) 2. Mahua (Madhuca indica) 3. Teak (Tectona grandis) How many of the above are deciduous trees?
Explanation
The correct answer is option B because only two of the three trees listed are deciduous.
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is not deciduous[1], meaning it is an evergreen tree that retains its leaves throughout the year. In contrast, Mahua is listed among the main species of moist deciduous forests[2], indicating it is a deciduous tree. Similarly, Teak is also listed among the main species of deciduous forests[2], and teak trees form part of the typical landscape of tropical moist deciduous forests[3], confirming its deciduous nature.
Deciduous trees lose their leaves for part of the year—in cold climates during autumn-winter, and in hot and dry climates during the dry season[4]. Since Jackfruit is evergreen while both Mahua and Teak are deciduous, only two of the three trees are deciduous, making option B the correct answer.
Sources- [2] INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation > Tropical Deciduous Forests > p. 44
- [3] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Table 5.5 > p. 15
- [4] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 13: Plant Diversity of India > 13.2.1. Types of Trees: > p. 203
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Guest previewA classic '2+1' structure: Teak and Mahua are verbatim examples from NCERT Class XI (Chapter 5) under Deciduous forests. Jackfruit is the 'applied' element—standard books list it under 'Wet Evergreen' forests, requiring you to infer that a 'Wet Evergreen' tree is not deciduous. Fair, but rewards connecting forest types to biological traits.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Provides the scientific name and explicitly labels Artocarpus heterophyllus as a 'Tree'.
- Establishes that jackfruit is a tree species (necessary context for answering whether it is deciduous).
- Explicitly states the species is 'not deciduous', directly addressing the question.
- Gives a clear (if informal) negative answer to the deciduousness claim.
Lists jackfruit among the 'more common trees' of Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests, a vegetation type characterized by tall, straight evergreen trees.
A student could note that species typical of wet-evergreen forests are usually evergreen and therefore check whether jackfruit's native habitats (e.g., Western Ghats, Andaman) have evergreen climates implying evergreen habit.
Table explicitly names jackfruit as a species of Tropical Wet-evergreen Forests (alongside other evergreen taxa).
Combine this with the definition of evergreen (snippet 3) to infer jackfruit is more likely evergreen than deciduous in its core range; verify by checking leaf-shedding behavior in those climates.
Gives a clear rule: evergreen trees do not lose all their leaves at any time, while deciduous trees shed leaves seasonally (cold or dry seasons).
Use this definition to classify jackfruit by observing whether it ever becomes completely leafless in its native climates (information to be sought externally).
Explains that in regions with a marked dry period, broad-leaved tropical trees are 'normally deciduous' to avoid drought stress.
A student can map jackfruit's distribution against monsoon/dry-deciduous regions vs wet-evergreen regions to predict whether it behaves as deciduous in drier parts of its range.
States savanna and long dry-season climates force trees to be deciduous to reduce transpiration — an example of climate driving leaf-shedding habit.
Use this climate–leaf habit principle to hypothesize that jackfruit would be deciduous only if it occurs naturally in strong dry-season (savanna/monsoon-deciduous) environments; otherwise likely evergreen.
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