Consider the following organizations/bodies in India : 1. The National Commission for Backward Classes 2. The National Human Rights Commission 3. The National Law Commission 4. The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission How many of the above are constitutional bodies?

States the Law Commission of India is a non-statutory advisory body established by order of the Central Government for a fixed tenure.

A student could check whether the National Law Commission (or Law Commission) is created by a constitutional provision, statute, or executive order — if not in the Constitution or a Parliament Act, it likely isn't a constitutional body.

Gives an explicit contrast: the National Human Rights Commission is statutory (created by a Parliament Act), and thus not constitutional.

Use this pattern to test the statement by looking for an enactment (Act) or constitutional article establishing the Law Commission; presence of an Act would imply statutory status, absence suggests non-constitutional.

Shows how a body (NCBC) moved from statutory to constitutional status only after a specific constitutional amendment and insertion of a new Article.

A student can look for a similar constitutional amendment or article specifically creating the Law Commission — if none exists, it likely remains non-constitutional.

States that the National Commission for STs is a constitutional body because it is directly established by an Article (338-A) of the Constitution.

Apply this rule: constitutional bodies are typically identified by a specific Article; check the Constitution for any Article establishing the Law Commission.

Examples Finance Commission as a body explicitly provided for by an Article (Article 280), illustrating the pattern that constitutional bodies are created by constitutional provisions.

Verify whether the Law Commission has an analogous constitutional provision; absence would support the conclusion that it is not a constitutional body.

States that the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 provides for a three-tier consumer dispute redressal machinery (District/State/National) and calls these bodies quasi-judicial.

A student could infer these commissions are created by a statute (the Act) and therefore likely statutory rather than bodies created by the Constitution itself; verify by checking whether the NCDC is established by legislation or by a constitutional provision.

Same text as [2] confirming the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission is part of a framework set up under the Consumer Protection Act.

Use the rule that bodies created by an Act of Parliament are statutory; compare the Act's role here to constitutional provisions to judge if the commission is constitutional.

Explicitly labels the National Human Rights Commission as a statutory (and not a constitutional) body, showing that national commissions can be statutory.

Apply this pattern: if a national commission is described in statute, it is statutory; check whether the National Consumer Commission is described similarly in statute or in the Constitution.

Gives an example (NCBC) where a national commission changed from statutory to constitutional status via a constitutional amendment inserting a new Article.

Use this precedent to see that a commission is constitutional only if a constitutional provision establishes it (e.g., an Article); check whether any Article in the Constitution establishes the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission.

States the National Commission for Women is an autonomous statutory (not constitutional) body created by a specific Act of Parliament.

Reinforces the rule that being created by parliamentary legislation makes a commission statutory; check whether the consumer commission's founding instrument is an Act or the Constitution.