Consider the following statements regarding World Toilet Organization : 1. It is one of the agencies of the United Nations. 2. World Toilet Summit, World Toilet Day and World Toilet College are the initiatives of this organization, to inspire action to tackle the global sanitation crisis. 3. The main focus of its function is to grant funds to the least developed countries and developing countries to achieve the end of open defecation. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Gives a clear list of the UN's 'specialised agencies' (ILO, FAO, IMF, UNESCO, WHO, World Bank), illustrating what kinds of organisations are officially classed as UN specialised agencies.

A student could compare that canonical list of specialised agencies with the name 'World Toilet Organization' (and check whether it appears on official UN lists) to judge whether it is one of them.

Shows examples of international/social-economic organisations associated with the UN (WHO, UNDP, UNICEF, UNESCO), many of which explicitly carry the 'United Nations' or 'UN' label.

A student could use the pattern that many UN bodies include 'UN' or 'United Nations' in their formal title to check whether 'World Toilet Organization' is similarly titled or officially linked to the UN.

States that 'humanitarian policies are implemented by the main organs and specialised agencies spread across the globe', indicating that UN agencies are organisationally tied to the UN's principal organs.

A student could look for organisational ties (e.g., governance, founding treaties, listing on UN websites) between the World Toilet Organization and UN principal organs to test if it is an official agency.

Notes that international agencies like UNEP operate within UN-led environmental processes, illustrating that many UN-related agencies participate in UN conferences and programmes.

A student could check whether the World Toilet Organization is a participant in or created by UN conferences/programmes (e.g., listed as a UN partner) to assess its formal UN agency status.

Shows the international practice and naming pattern of convening thematic global 'Summits' (e.g., 'The World Summit on Sustainable Development').

A student could infer that an entity named 'World Toilet Organization' might likewise convene a 'World Toilet Summit' and check the organization's publications or event history to verify.

States that international agencies (e.g., UNEP) hold international conferences and promote coordinated responses to thematic issues.

One could extend this general rule to hypothesize that an organization focused on sanitation might run related events/days/colleges and then look for documentary evidence (press releases, websites) tying those events to that organization.

Explicitly notes that the Earth Summit was 'a summit meeting', illustrating the common use of 'Summit' for organized, theme-centred international gatherings.

Apply this naming convention to consider whether 'World Toilet Summit' follows the same pattern and search for organizer attribution in event materials.

Describes a large international meeting where leaders signed declarations and adopted programs, exemplifying how organized bodies produce named global initiatives and observances.

Use this as a precedent that named global days/colleges can be sponsored by organizations; then check primary sources (organization site, UN calendars) to see who sponsors 'World Toilet Day' or related programs.

Lists that there are specialized international agencies (e.g., WHO, FAO) which typically run sectoral programs and initiatives.

From this pattern, a student could treat 'World Toilet Organization' as the sort of specialized body that might run thematic initiatives and so seek direct attribution for the named initiatives on authoritative pages.

Describes a community-led sanitation campaign that used local initiatives to increase toilet use and thereby reduce open defecation and disease—example of targeted campaigns inspiring practical action on sanitation.

A student could compare the local campaign's methods and outcomes with the functions of global events/organizations (e.g., summits, awareness days, training) to judge whether such tools are likely intended to inspire similar action at larger scales.

Reports that a national sanitation mission encouraged toilet building and that WHO credited the mission with averting deaths—shows health agencies frame sanitation efforts as life‑saving and action‑oriented.

One could infer that organizations concerned with sanitation (like WHO) support initiatives that mobilize construction, behaviour change and policy—so a global NGO's named initiatives plausibly aim to inspire comparable action.

Explains that international agencies hold conferences and promote studies to coordinate and prompt effective responses to environmental problems—demonstrates a general pattern where summits are used to inspire coordinated action.

A student could apply this general rule (summits as tools to mobilize international attention and action) to the World Toilet Summit as an analogous mechanism to inspire sanitation action globally.

Describes the UNFCCC 'Momentum for Change' initiative presenting awards to examples that 'inspire increased climate action'—explicit example of an international initiative designed to inspire action by highlighting best practices.

By analogy, a student could treat World Toilet Organization initiatives (summits, days, colleges) as similar awareness/training platforms intended to showcase solutions and inspire action on sanitation.

Cites a WHO–UNICEF report quantifying the large scale of lack of toilets—establishes the existence of a global sanitation crisis that would plausibly motivate action-oriented initiatives.

Knowing the scale of the problem, a student could reasonably infer that organizations addressing sanitation would design initiatives (days, summits, training) to spark policy and behavioral responses to that crisis.

Describes a fund (LDCF) explicitly set up to provide finance for LDCs' adaptation needs and administered by an established financial entity (GEF).

A student could use this pattern (specialized funds administered by multilateral bodies) to ask whether the World Toilet Organization is structured similarly or instead focuses on advocacy/standards rather than operating a grant fund.

Explains that IDA provides interest-free loans and grants to the world's poorest countries as a main mandate—example of an international body whose principal role is granting finance to poor countries.

Compare IDA's explicit financing mandate with the stated mission of the World Toilet Organization (if known) to see if WTO fits the same institutional profile.

Notes how an international development institution (IDA) is funded and gives loans to member countries—illustrates governance and funding mechanisms typical of organizations that grant to LDCs/developing countries.

Use this as a checklist (funding sources, mandate to lend/grant, institutional operator) to evaluate whether the World Toilet Organization has comparable structures to make grants its main function.

Gives an example of a purpose-built trust fund (IBSA Trust Fund) where specific countries contribute annually to give assistance to developing countries—illustrates that targeted funds to developing countries are often set up as multilateral trusts.

A student could look for whether World Toilet Organization operates a trust/fund with regular contributions and UN/ multilateral management, which would support the claim that its main function is granting funds.

Describes a national sanitation campaign whose main aim was to make the country free of open defecation and notes WHO commenting on health benefits from such campaigns.

A student could use this pattern (sanitation campaigns explicitly target ODF status and attract international health attention) to check whether the World Toilet Organization's stated aims similarly prioritize ending open defecation.

Gives a clear example (Swachh Bharat Mission) where the declared vision is explicitly 'Clean and Open Defecation-Free', showing that some sanitation initiatives explicitly list ending open defecation as their primary goal.

Compare that explicit phrasing to the World Toilet Organization's official mission statement to assess if ODF is their primary stated objective.

A community sanitation campaign case study links building and using toilets to a significant reduction in open defecation and improved health outcomes, illustrating a typical objective–outcome link for sanitation groups.

Use this typical objective–outcome logic to judge whether an organization focusing on toilets would prioritise ending open defecation as a central measurable aim.

Describes slums lacking toilet facilities and names open defecation as a serious public-health hazard, indicating that organisations addressing toilet access often confront open defecation as a key problem.

A student could infer that an organization centered on toilets is likely to address open defecation and then check whether the World Toilet Organization lists that problem among its primary aims.

Provides an example of an international coalition whose aim is stated succinctly (ending illegal wildlife trade), illustrating the pattern that international NGOs/coalitions often state a single clear primary focus.

Apply this pattern to expect that the World Toilet Organization would have a similarly succinct primary aim; then verify if that succinct aim is 'ending open defecation'.