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Q25 (IAS/2024) Environment & Ecology › Biodiversity & Protected Areas › Wildlife behaviour Official Key

Consider the following statements : 1. Lions do not have a particular breeding season. 2. Unlike most other big cats, cheetahs do not roar. 3. Unlike male lions, male leopards do not proclaim their territory by scent marking. Which of the statements given above are correct ?

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: A
Explanation

The correct answer is option A (statements 1 and 2 only).

**Statement 1 (Lions and breeding season):** Lions do not have a particular breeding season and can breed year-round, particularly in areas with stable prey availability. This statement is correct.

**Statement 2 (Cheetahs and roaring):** Cheetahs are the only wild or domesticated cat species that cannot roar.[1] Unlike most other big cats (lions, tigers, leopards, jaguars) that can roar, cheetahs produce chirps, purrs, and other vocalizations but lack the ability to roar. This statement is correct.

**Statement 3 (Male leopards and scent marking):** This statement is incorrect. Male leopards, like most big cats, DO use scent marking to proclaim their territory. Male cheetahs use marking trees to establish and communicate their territory to other cheetahs. They spray urine, which contains pheromones and other chemical markers, onto the tree[2]—and leopards similarly use scent marking for territorial communication. The statement incorrectly suggests male leopards do not use scent marking.

Therefore, only statements 1 and 2 are correct, making option A the right answer.

Sources
  1. [2] https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/resrecrepattach/3rd%20quarter%20Research%20Report%20%281%29.pdf
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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. Consider the following statements : 1. Lions do not have a particular breeding season. 2. Unlike most other big cats, cheetahs do not ro…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 3.3/10
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This question is a direct spin-off from the 'Project Cheetah' hype (2022-23). The examiner moved beyond basic distribution (Where are they?) to comparative ethology (How do they differ from Indian natives?). While books don't explicitly list 'breeding seasons', the logic relies on contrasting the new guest (Cheetah) with existing hosts (Lion, Leopard).

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Do lions (Panthera leo) have a defined breeding season, or do they breed year-round?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > Ex-situ conservation > p. 30
Strength: 5/5
“Te species which are at maximum risk of extinction are generally chosen for conservation.• (ii) To capture some individuals of the concerned highly endangered species of animals from their natural habitat and keep the same as captives at these centres.• (iii) To study thoroughly the feeding, breeding and other habits as well as patterns of their pathology (nature of diseases).• (iv) To provide all facilities for captive breeding of all such animals as well as for their healthy multiplication.• (v) To release young ones of these animals into the natural habitat after these have attained the safe age for the purpose.• (vi) Use of artifcial insemination, embryo transfer and cryo-preservation of gametes embryos to maintain the genetic diversity in ex-situ conservation.• (vii) Creation of zoological parks, botanical gardens, seed banks and rehabilitation centres.”
Why relevant

Ex-situ conservation materials list 'study ... breeding and other habits' as an explicit objective, implying breeding timing is a documented trait of concern.

How to extend

A student could look for captive-breeding records for lions (zoo birth dates) to see whether births cluster seasonally or occur through the year.

Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 2: PLANT AND ANIMAL KINGDOMS > Migration anD aDaptation. > p. 4
Strength: 4/5
“may be of temporary nature for breeding or to avoid adverse climatic conditions at one season of the year. Te ability to migrate, whether on a permanent or temporary basis, is an important aspect for the survival of species because it follows adjustment of the locations inhabited if climates change and also facilitates the extension of the area occupied if population pressure or severe competition from other species builds up.”
Why relevant

The snippet states migrations may be 'of temporary nature for breeding' tied to seasons, giving a general rule that many species have seasonal breeding linked to environmental cycles.

How to extend

Use this rule to ask whether lions show seasonal movements or mating-related behaviours (e.g., mating aggregations) that would imply a defined season.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 12: Animal Diversity of India > 12.4.8. Spoon Billed Sandpiper > p. 192
Strength: 3/5
“• It requires highly specialized breeding habitat, a constraint that has always kept its population scarce. India is home to some of the last existing wintering grounds of this species.• Habitat: Coastal areas with sparse vegetation. No breeding records further inland than 7 km from the seashore.• Distribution: Has been recorded in West Bengal, Orissa, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.• Threats: Habitat degradation and land reclamation.”
Why relevant

The spoon-billed sandpiper example shows some species require specialized, seasonally-limited breeding habitat—an example of breeding seasonality driven by habitat constraints.

How to extend

Compare habitat-dependence: assess whether lion reproduction is tied to seasonal habitat/resource availability (prey, water) which could produce seasonal breeding.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 16: Conservation Efforts > 16.12. CAPTIVE BREEDING > p. 244
Strength: 3/5
“• Captive breeding means that members of a wild species are captured, then bred and raised in a special facility under the care of wildlife biologists and other experts. • Bringing an animal into captivity may represent the last chance to preserve a species in the wild in these situations: • When a population drops dangerously, captive breeding can boost numbers.”
Why relevant

Captive breeding is presented as a tool to 'boost numbers' and implies managed populations can be bred under controlled timing, suggesting breeding timing can be recorded and manipulated.

How to extend

Investigate whether captive lion programs report timed breeding interventions or year-round successful mating to infer natural seasonality.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 16: Conservation Efforts > a l..J -lj EN.VINO'NM > p. 232
Strength: 2/5
“;a l..J -lj EN.VINO'NM • The Asiatic Lion, endemic to Gir landscape of Gujarat, is one of the critically endangered species identified by the Ministry for taking up recovery programmes. Asiatic Lion, being listed in Schedule-I of Wildlife (protection) Act, 1972, to be accorded the highest degree of protection. • This project has a 'species Conservation over a large landscape' approach. Besides this approach, the Greater Gir Region (GGR) is being divided into various zones and management approaches.”
Why relevant

Reference to the Asiatic Lion being endemic to a specific landscape highlights geographic restriction; breeding seasonality can vary regionally.

How to extend

Use basic geographic knowledge (climate differences between regions) to test whether Asiatic lions in Gir might show a different breeding pattern than African populations.

Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

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