Question map
Consider the following statements : 1. Lions do not have a particular breeding season. 2. Unlike most other big cats, cheetahs do not roar. 3. Unlike male lions, male leopards do not proclaim their territory by scent marking. Which of the statements given above are correct ?
Explanation
The correct answer is option A (statements 1 and 2 only).
**Statement 1 (Lions and breeding season):** Lions do not have a particular breeding season and can breed year-round, particularly in areas with stable prey availability. This statement is correct.
**Statement 2 (Cheetahs and roaring):** Cheetahs are the only wild or domesticated cat species that cannot roar.[1] Unlike most other big cats (lions, tigers, leopards, jaguars) that can roar, cheetahs produce chirps, purrs, and other vocalizations but lack the ability to roar. This statement is correct.
**Statement 3 (Male leopards and scent marking):** This statement is incorrect. Male leopards, like most big cats, DO use scent marking to proclaim their territory. Male cheetahs use marking trees to establish and communicate their territory to other cheetahs. They spray urine, which contains pheromones and other chemical markers, onto the tree[2]—and leopards similarly use scent marking for territorial communication. The statement incorrectly suggests male leopards do not use scent marking.
Therefore, only statements 1 and 2 are correct, making option A the right answer.
Sources- [2] https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/resrecrepattach/3rd%20quarter%20Research%20Report%20%281%29.pdf
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Guest previewThis question is a direct spin-off from the 'Project Cheetah' hype (2022-23). The examiner moved beyond basic distribution (Where are they?) to comparative ethology (How do they differ from Indian natives?). While books don't explicitly list 'breeding seasons', the logic relies on contrasting the new guest (Cheetah) with existing hosts (Lion, Leopard).
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
Ex-situ conservation materials list 'study ... breeding and other habits' as an explicit objective, implying breeding timing is a documented trait of concern.
A student could look for captive-breeding records for lions (zoo birth dates) to see whether births cluster seasonally or occur through the year.
The snippet states migrations may be 'of temporary nature for breeding' tied to seasons, giving a general rule that many species have seasonal breeding linked to environmental cycles.
Use this rule to ask whether lions show seasonal movements or mating-related behaviours (e.g., mating aggregations) that would imply a defined season.
The spoon-billed sandpiper example shows some species require specialized, seasonally-limited breeding habitat—an example of breeding seasonality driven by habitat constraints.
Compare habitat-dependence: assess whether lion reproduction is tied to seasonal habitat/resource availability (prey, water) which could produce seasonal breeding.
Captive breeding is presented as a tool to 'boost numbers' and implies managed populations can be bred under controlled timing, suggesting breeding timing can be recorded and manipulated.
Investigate whether captive lion programs report timed breeding interventions or year-round successful mating to infer natural seasonality.
Reference to the Asiatic Lion being endemic to a specific landscape highlights geographic restriction; breeding seasonality can vary regionally.
Use basic geographic knowledge (climate differences between regions) to test whether Asiatic lions in Gir might show a different breeding pattern than African populations.
This statement analysis shows book citations, web sources and indirect clues. The first statement (S1) is open for preview.
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