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Q66 (IAS/2024) Polity & Governance › Constitutional Basics & Evolution › Amendment procedure Official Key

As per Article 368 of the Constitution of India, the Parliament may amend any provision of the Constitution by way of : 1. Addition 2. Variation 3. Repeal Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: D
Explanation

Article 368 states that the Parliament may, in exercise of its constituent power, amend by way of addition, variation or repeal any provision of the Constitution in accordance with the procedure laid down for the purpose.[3] This clearly establishes that all three methods of amendment are permissible under Article 368.

Article 368 in Part XX of the Constitution deals with the powers of Parliament to amend the Constitution and its procedure.[3] The inclusion of all three modes—addition (adding new provisions), variation (modifying existing provisions), and repeal (removing provisions)—gives Parliament comprehensive constituent power to amend the Constitution as needed.

The word 'repeal' in Article 368(1) makes it clear that 'amendment', under Article 368, includes a repeal of any of its provisions, including any supposed 'basic' or 'essential' provision.[6] Therefore, all three statements are correct, making option D (1, 2 and 3) the correct answer.

Sources
  1. [1] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 11: Amendment of the Constitution > Amendment of the Constitution > p. 123
  2. [2] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 11: Amendment of the Constitution > Amendment of the Constitution > p. 123
  3. [3] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 11: Amendment of the Constitution > Amendment of the Constitution > p. 123
  4. [4] Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 10: Procedure for Amendment > Nothing in ehiJ artido (io, Art/cio 1.3), shall apply to Any amendmfmt made under Artiel, 368. > p. 196
  5. [5] Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 10: Procedure for Amendment > Nothing in ehiJ artido (io, Art/cio 1.3), shall apply to Any amendmfmt made under Artiel, 368. > p. 196
  6. [6] Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 10: Procedure for Amendment > Nothing in ehiJ artido (io, Art/cio 1.3), shall apply to Any amendmfmt made under Artiel, 368. > p. 196
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Q. As per Article 368 of the Constitution of India, the Parliament may amend any provision of the Constitution by way of : 1. Addition 2. …
At a glance
Origin: From standard books Fairness: High fairness Books / CA: 10/10 · 0/10
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This is a classic 'Bare Act' question. It rewards the habit of reading the exact constitutional text rather than just summaries. If you skipped the first paragraph of Laxmikanth Chapter 11 or the NCERT box on Article 368, you missed a sitter.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Does Article 368 of the Constitution of India permit Parliament to amend any provision of the Constitution by way of addition?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 11: Amendment of the Constitution > Amendment of the Constitution > p. 123
Presence: 5/5
“Like any other written Constitution, the Constitution of India also provides for its amendment in order to adjust itself to the changing conditions and needs. However, the procedure laid down for its amendment is neither as easy as in Britain nor as difficult as in USA. In other words, the Indian Constjtntion is neither flexible nor rigid but a synthesis of both. Article 368 in Part XX of the Constitution deals with the powers of Parliament to amend the Constitution and its procedure. It states that the Parliament may, in exercise of its constituent power, amend by way of addition, variation or repeal any provision of the Constitution in accordance with the procedure laid down for the purpose.”
Why this source?
  • Directly states Article 368 allows Parliament, in its constituent power, to amend by way of addition, variation or repeal any provision of the Constitution.
  • Presents the phrase 'amend by way of addition' explicitly, matching the question wording.
Indian Constitution at Work, Political Science Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 9: CONSTITUTION AS A LIVING DOCUMENT > Article 368: > p. 199
Presence: 5/5
“…Parliament may in exercise of its constituent power amend by way of addition, variation or repeal any provision of this Constitution in accordance with the procedure laid down in this article.”
Why this source?
  • Reiterates that Parliament may amend by way of addition, variation or repeal any provision of the Constitution under Article 368.
  • Provides a second direct textual confirmation of 'addition' as a mode of amendment.
Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 10: Procedure for Amendment > Nothing in ehiJ artido (io, Art/cio 1.3), shall apply to Any amendmfmt made under Artiel, 368. > p. 196
Presence: 4/5
“Hence the limitations, if any upon the amending power must be found from Article 368 itself and not from any theory of implied limitation; (ii) that the word 'repeal' in Article 368(1) also makes it dear that 'amendment', under Article 368, includes a repeal of any of its provisions, including any supposed 'basic' or 'essential' provision; (iii) that the Constitution of India makes no distinction between 'amendment' and 'total revision', as do some other Constitutions, such as the Swiss Constitution. Hence, there is no bar to change the whole Constitution, in exercise of the amending power, which is described as the 'conslilutnl pow,,' [Articl' 36Bt I)] and that, accordingly, it would not be necessary to convene a Constituent Assembly to revise the Constitution in 1010.”
Why this source?
  • Explains the broad scope of the amending power under Article 368, noting 'repeal' and that amendment can amount to total revision, implying additions are within the wide amending competence.
  • States that any limitations must come from Article 368 itself, supporting the view that Article 368 defines the extent (including additions) of amendment power.
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