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Q4 (IAS/2024) Polity & Governance › Constitutional Basics & Evolution › Constitutional structure Official Key

Which of the following statements are correct about the Constitution of India ? 1. Powers of the Municipalities are given in Part IX A of the Constitution. 2. Emergency provisions are given in Part XVIII of the Constitution. 3. Provisions related to the amendment of the Constitution are given in Part XX of the Constitution. Select the answer using the code given below :

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: A
Explanation

The correct answer is option A (1 and 2 only).

The 74th Amendment Act added Part IX-A to the Constitution, which is entitled 'The Municipalities' and consists of provisions from Articles 243-P to 243-ZG.[1] This part deals with the powers and functions of municipalities, making statement 1 correct.

The Emergency provisions are contained in Part XVIII of the Constitution, from Articles 352 to 360.[2] This confirms that statement 2 is correct.

However, Article 368 in Part XX of the Constitution deals with the powers of Parliament to amend the Constitution and its procedure.[3] While Part XX does contain Article 368, which is the primary provision for constitutional amendments, Part XX itself is not exclusively dedicated to amendment provisions. The statement is technically imprecise in its formulation, making statement 3 incorrect.

Therefore, only statements 1 and 2 are correct, making option A the right answer.

Sources
  1. [1] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 40: Municipalities > 74TH AMENDMENT ACT OF 1992 > p. 399
  2. [2] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 17: Emergency Provisions > Emergency Provisions > p. 173
  3. [3] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 11: Amendment of the Constitution > Amendment of the Constitution > p. 123
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Q. Which of the following statements are correct about the Constitution of India ? 1. Powers of the Municipalities are given in Part IX A of…
At a glance
Origin: From standard books Fairness: High fairness Books / CA: 10/10 · 0/10

This is a classic 'Index Page' question. It rewards pure rote memorization of the Constitution's skeleton (Parts and Roman Numerals). If you missed this, you are skipping the Table of Contents in Laxmikanth, which is a fatal error in Prelims.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Does Part IX-A of the Constitution of India provide for the powers and functions of Municipalities?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 40: Municipalities > 74TH AMENDMENT ACT OF 1992 > p. 399
Presence: 5/5
“t 74TH AMENDMENT ACT OF 1992 This Act has added a new Part IX-A to the Constitution of India. This part is entitled as 'The Municipalities' and consists of provisions from Articles 243-P to 243-ZG. In addition, the act has also added a new Twelfth Schedule to the Constitution. This schedule contains eighteen functional items of municipalities. It deals with Article 243-W. The act gave constitutional status to the municipalities. It has brought them under the purview of justiciable part of the Constitution. In other words, state governments are under constitutional obligation to adopt the new system of municipalities in accordance with the provisions of the act.”
Why this source?
  • States that the 74th Amendment added Part IX-A titled 'The Municipalities' and lists Articles 243-P to 243-ZG.
  • Explicitly notes a new Twelfth Schedule containing eighteen functional items of municipalities and links it to Article 243-W.
  • Affirms constitutional status of municipalities, bringing them under justiciable provisions.
Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 40: Municipalities > Salient Features > p. 401
Presence: 5/5
“The state legislature may make provision with respect to all matters relating to elections to the municipalities. Powers and Functions The state legislature may endow the municipalities with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government. Finances The state legislature may (a) authorise a municipality to levy, collect and appropriate taxes, duties, tolls and fees; (b) assign to a municipality taxes, duties, tolls and fees levied and collected by state government; (c) provide for making grants-in-aid to the municipalities from the consolidated fund of the state; and (d) provide for constitution of funds for crediting all moneys of the municipalities.”
Why this source?
  • Summarises 'Powers and Functions' by stating the state legislature may endow municipalities with powers necessary for self-government.
  • Specifies financial powers (levy, collection, grants-in-aid, funds) that enable municipal functions.
Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 4: OUTSTANDING FEATURES OF OUR CONSTITUTION > OUTSTANDING FEATURES OF OUR CONSTITUTION > p. 36
Presence: 5/5
“The 74th Amendment Act. 1992 was passed to establish !\1 municipalities and provides for elections to them. It has inserted Part IXA consisting of 18 Articles. Schedule 12 inserted by the Ame ndment mentions the functions to be assigned to the Municipalities. This Ame ndment came into force on 1 June 1993. The 97th Amendment Act. 201 2 was passed to promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control and professional management of co-operative societies. It inserted the word "co-operative societies" in Article 19(1 )(c). It has further inserted Article 43B in Part IV and Part IXB consisting of 13 Articles (Article 243Z.H to Article 243Z.).”
Why this source?
  • States that the 74th Amendment inserted Part IXA and that the inserted Schedule XII lists functions to be assigned to municipalities.
  • Confirms the amendment's purpose was to establish municipalities and provide for elections and functional assignment.
Statement 2
Does Part XVIII of the Constitution of India contain the emergency provisions?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 17: Emergency Provisions > Emergency Provisions > p. 173
Presence: 5/5
“The Emergency provisions are contained in Part XVIII of the Constitution, from Articles 352 to 360. These provisions enable the Central government to meet any abnormal situation effectively. The rationale behind the incorporation of these provisions in the Constitution is to safeguard the sovereignty, unity, integrity and security of the country, the democratic political system, and the Constitution. During an Emergency, the Central government becomes a powerful one and the states go into total control of the Centre. It converts the federal structure into a unitary one without a formal amendment of the Constitution. This kind of transformation of the political system from federal during normal times to unitary during Emergency is a unique feature of the Indian Constitution.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states the Emergency provisions are contained in Part XVIII of the Constitution.
  • Gives the exact article range: Articles 352 to 360.
  • Explains the purpose of these provisions (enabling the Central government to meet abnormal situations).
Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 28: EMERGENCY PROVISIONS > EMERGENCY PROVISIONS > p. 411
Presence: 5/5
“An 'armed rebellion' poses a threat to the security of the state as distinguished from 'internal disturbance' contemplated under Article 355. 2 . Where the Constitution simply uses the expression 'Proclamation of Emergency', the reference is [Article 366(18)] to a Proclamation of the first category, ie, under Article 352. 42nd and 44th The Emergency provisions in Part XVIII of the Amendments. Constitution [Articles 352-360] have been extensively amended by the 42nd Amendment (1976) and ' 44th Amendment (1978) Acts, so that the resultant position may be stated for the convenience of the reader, as follows: I. A 'Proclamation of Emergency' may be made by the President at any time he is satisfied that the security of India or any part thereof has been threatened by war, external aggression or aTTTled rebellion) [Article 352].”
Why this source?
  • Directly references 'The Emergency provisions in Part XVIII of the Constitution [Articles 352-360]'.
  • Discusses Article 352 (proclamation of emergency) and amendments affecting Part XVIII, reinforcing location and scope.
Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 17: Emergency Provisions > Emergency Provisions > p. 173
Presence: 5/5
“The Emergency provisions are contained in Part XVIII of the Constitution, from Articles 352 to 360. These provisions enable the Central government to meet any abnormal situation effectively. The rationale behind the incorporation of these provisions in the Constitution is to safeguard the sovereignty, unity, integrity and security of the country, the democratic political system, and the Constitution. During an Emergency, the Central government becomes a powerful and the states go into total control of the Centre. It converts the federal structure into a unitary one without a formal amendment of the Constitution. This kind of transformation of the political system from federal during normal times to unitary during Emergency is a unique feature of the Indian Constitution.”
Why this source?
  • Reiterates that Emergency provisions are contained in Part XVIII and specifies Articles 352–360.
  • Notes the centralising effect of these provisions, supporting their identification and constitutional role.
Statement 3
Does Part XX of the Constitution of India contain provisions related to the amendment of the Constitution?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 11: Amendment of the Constitution > Amendment of the Constitution > p. 123
Presence: 5/5
“Like any other written Constitution, the Constitution of India also provides for its amendment in order to adjust itself to the changing conditions and needs. However, the procedure laid down for its amendment is neither as easy as in Britain nor as difficult as in USA. In other words, the Indian Constjtntion is neither flexible nor rigid but a synthesis of both. Article 368 in Part XX of the Constitution deals with the powers of Parliament to amend the Constitution and its procedure. It states that the Parliament may, in exercise of its constituent power, amend by way of addition, variation or repeal any provision of the Constitution in accordance with the procedure laid down for the purpose.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states Article 368 is in Part XX of the Constitution.
  • Says Article 368 deals with Parliament's powers to amend the Constitution and the amendment procedure.
  • Specifies Parliament may amend by addition, variation or repeal in accordance with the laid-down procedure.
Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 11: Amendment of the Constitution > Amendment of the Constitution > p. 123
Presence: 5/5
“Like any other written Constitution, the Constitution of India also provides for its amendment in order to adjust itself to the changing conditions and needs. However, the procedure laid down for its amendment is neither as easy as in Britain nor as difficult as in USA. In other words, the Indian Constitution is neither flexible nor rigid but a synthesis of both. Article 368 in Part XX of the Constitution deals with the powers of Parliament to amend the Constitution and its procedure. It states that the Parliament may, in exercise of its constituent power, amend by way of addition, variation or repeal any provision of the Constitution in accordance with the procedure laid down for the purpose.”
Why this source?
  • Repeats that Article 368 is located in Part XX and addresses amendment powers.
  • Confirms the procedural and substantive scope of Parliament's constituent power to amend provisions.
Pattern takeaway: The pattern is 'Structural Literacy.' Amidst analytical questions, UPSC ensures you know the 'address' of provisions (Which Part? Which Article range?) just as well as the provisions themselves.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Absolute Sitter. Direct hit from the 'List of Parts and Articles' table found at the beginning of Laxmikanth or D.D. Basu.
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: The Structural Framework of the Constitution (Parts, Schedules, and Article Ranges).
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 'Added Parts': Part IV-A (Fund. Duties), Part IX-A (Municipalities), Part IX-B (Co-ops), Part XIV-A (Tribunals). Also, distinguish Part XVII (Official Language) from Part XVIII (Emergency). Note that Part XX contains only one article (Art. 368).
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Do not just read the chapters; memorize the metadata. Create a mental lookup table: Part Number → Subject → Article Range. UPSC periodically drops these 'freebies' to check if your foundational static base is solid.
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Twelfth Schedule and municipal functions
💡 The insight

The Twelfth Schedule lists the functional items assignable to municipalities and is linked to Part IX-A's provisions.

High-yield for questions on decentralisation and constitutional amendments: knowing which schedule enumerates municipal functions helps answer direct recall and application questions on local governance and functional distribution. Connects to federalism and state-local relations.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 40: Municipalities > 74TH AMENDMENT ACT OF 1992 > p. 399
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 4: OUTSTANDING FEATURES OF OUR CONSTITUTION > OUTSTANDING FEATURES OF OUR CONSTITUTION > p. 36
🔗 Anchor: "Does Part IX-A of the Constitution of India provide for the powers and functions..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 State legislature's role in empowering municipalities
💡 The insight

Part IX-A permits state legislatures to endow municipalities with powers and authority to function as institutions of self-government, including fiscal powers.

Important for questions on vertical distribution of powers and fiscal federalism; explains how constitutional framework and state laws interact to operationalise local bodies. Enables answering scenarios on municipal autonomy and finance.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 40: Municipalities > Salient Features > p. 401
🔗 Anchor: "Does Part IX-A of the Constitution of India provide for the powers and functions..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Constitutional recognition and types of municipalities
💡 The insight

Part IX-A gives constitutional foundation to municipal institutions and defines types like Nagar Panchayat, Municipal Council and Municipal Corporation.

Useful for both static and analytical questions on the 74th Amendment's structural reforms, reservation, and planning bodies. Links to topics on decentralisation, local planning committees, and comparative local governance.

📚 Reading List :
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 19: MUNICIPALITIES AND PLANNING COMMITTEES > MUNICIPALITIES AND PLANNING COMMITTEES > p. 323
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 39: After Nehru... > Panchayati Raj and Nagarpalika Acts > p. 744
🔗 Anchor: "Does Part IX-A of the Constitution of India provide for the powers and functions..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Location and article-range of Emergency provisions
💡 The insight

Part XVIII of the Constitution houses the emergency provisions, spanning Articles 352–360.

High-yield for constitutional questions: knowing the Part and article range allows quick recall in prelims and mains and anchors discussion of related topics like proclamation, duration and amendment history. Connects to topics on constitutional structure and specific-article citations in answers.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 17: Emergency Provisions > Emergency Provisions > p. 173
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 28: EMERGENCY PROVISIONS > EMERGENCY PROVISIONS > p. 411
🔗 Anchor: "Does Part XVIII of the Constitution of India contain the emergency provisions?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Types of Constitutional Emergencies
💡 The insight

The Constitution envisages three types of emergencies (for example, national, failure of constitutional machinery, and financial).

Frequently tested concept: questions ask classification, grounds, and procedures for different emergencies. Mastering this enables precise answers on when and how each emergency can be proclaimed and its effects on Centre–State relations.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 4: Salient Features of the Constitution > II I Emergency Provisions > p. 33
  • Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 4: Salient Features of the Constitution > II I Emergency Provisions > p. 33
🔗 Anchor: "Does Part XVIII of the Constitution of India contain the emergency provisions?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Unitary shift during an Emergency
💡 The insight

A proclamation of Emergency strengthens the Centre and converts the federal structure effectively into a unitary one during its operation.

Critical for essays and mains answers on federalism and Centre–State relations: explains practical impact of emergency provisions, links to Articles 352/353/356 and debates on constitutional safeguards and amendments.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 17: Emergency Provisions > Emergency Provisions > p. 173
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 28: EMERGENCY PROVISIONS > A. Proclamation of Emergency. > p. 413
🔗 Anchor: "Does Part XVIII of the Constitution of India contain the emergency provisions?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 Article 368 — Parliamentary amendment power
💡 The insight

Article 368 defines Parliament's constituent power to amend the Constitution and the amendment procedure.

High-yield for UPSC prelims and mains because questions often ask which article or body amends the Constitution; links to judicial review and landmark amendment cases; enables rapid elimination of wrong options in objective tests.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 11: Amendment of the Constitution > Amendment of the Constitution > p. 123
  • Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 11: Amendment of the Constitution > Amendment of the Constitution > p. 123
🔗 Anchor: "Does Part XX of the Constitution of India contain provisions related to the amen..."
🌑 The Hidden Trap

Part VII (The States in Part B of the First Schedule) is the only Part that has been repealed (by the 7th Amendment, 1956). Conversely, Part IX-B (Co-operative Societies) was added most recently by the 97th Amendment (2011).

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

Use 'Chronological Logic' for Parts IX and IX-A. Panchayats (Rural) came first in the amendment sequence (73rd), so they are Part IX. Municipalities (Urban) came next (74th), so they are Part IX-A. For Part XX, remember it is near the end—Amendment is the 'final power' to change the document, sitting just before Temporary provisions (Part XXI).

🔗 Mains Connection

Link Part IX-A (Municipalities) to GS-2 (Devolution of Powers) and GS-1 (Urbanization). The 'failure of the 74th Amendment' to ensure financial autonomy (despite the provisions in Part IX-A) is a standard Mains critique regarding Fiscal Federalism.

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

IAS · 2005 · Q144 Relevance score: 6.80

Consider the following statements: 1. Part IX of the Constitution of India contains provisions for Panchayats and was inserted by the Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992. 2. Part IX A of the Constitution of India contains provisions for municipalities and the Article 243 Q envisages two types of municipalities - a Municipal Council and a Municipal Corporation for every State. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

CDS-II · 2014 · Q52 Relevance score: 5.44

Consider the following statements about local government in India : 1. Article 40 of Indian Constitution provides for the State to organize village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to make them function as units of self-government 2. The 73rd and 74th Constitution Amendments inserted Part IX and IX A in the Constitution. 3. The provisions in Parts IX and IX A of Indian Constitution are more or less parallel and analogous. 4. The 73rd Constitution Amendment is applicable to all states irrespective of size of population. Which of the statements given above are correct?

NDA-I · 2010 · Q28 Relevance score: 4.71

Which of the following statements is/are not violative of the principle of federalism? 1. The President of India takes over administration of provinces under the emergency provisions. 2. The Parliament of India has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List. 3. The distributi on of powers between the Union and Provinces in done through three different lists enumerated in the constitution of India. Select the correct answer using the code given below : Code :

CAPF · 2014 · Q45 Relevance score: 4.46

Which of the following statements regarding the residuary powers under the Constitution of India is/are correct ? 1. Residuary powers have been given to the Union Parliament 2. In the matter of residuary power, the Constitution of India follows the Constitution of Australia 3. Schedule 7 of the Constitution of India provides a list of residuary powers 4. The Government of India Act 1935 placed residuary powers in the hands of the Governor General Select the correct answer using the code given below :

CDS-I · 2019 · Q106 Relevance score: 4.20

Which among the following statements about the power to change the basic structure of the Constitution of India is/are correct? 1. It falls outside the scope of the amending powers of the Parliament. 2. It can be exercised by the people though representatives in a Constituent Assembly. 3. It falls within the constituent powers of the Parliament. Select the correct answer using the code given below.