Question map
With reference to the Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme, consider the following statements : 1. To implement the scheme, the Central Government provides 100% funding. 2. Under the Scheme, Cadastral Maps are digitised. 3. An initiative has been undertaken to transliterate the Records of Rights from local language to any of the languages recognized by the Constitution of India. Which of the statements given above are correct ?
Explanation
The correct answer is option D because all three statements are accurate.
**Statement 1 is correct:** DILRMP was revamped as a Central Sector Scheme with 100% Central Government funding with effect from 1st April 2016.[1]
**Statement 2 is correct:** The scheme updates land records and integrates textual and spatial records.[2] Cadastral maps, which show property boundaries and spatial information, are digitized as part of this integration of spatial records under DILRMP.
**Statement 3 is correct:** The Government with the technical support of C-DAC Pune has undertaken an initiative to transliterate the Records of Rights available in local language to any of the 22 Schedule VIII languages of the Constitution, with pilot tests underway in 8 States.[3]
Since all three statements are verified by the sources, option D (1, 2 and 3) is the correct answer.
Sources- [1] https://dolr.gov.in/programmes-schemes/dilrmp-2/
- [2] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > 6. Computerised Land Records > p. 31
- [3] https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1989671
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis question is a 'Knowledge Trap' that punishes reliance on standard heuristics (e.g., assuming all land schemes are 60:40 shared). While Statement 2 is static book knowledge, Statements 1 and 3 require tracking specific administrative revamps (2016 funding change) and recent PIB updates (transliteration pilot). It signals that for 'Digital' schemes, you must verify the funding model and recent tech add-ons.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: What is the Central Government funding share for the Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme (DILRMP)?
- Statement 2: Are cadastral maps digitized under the Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme (DILRMP)?
- Statement 3: Does the Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme (DILRMP) include an initiative to transliterate Records of Rights (RoR) from local languages to languages recognized by the Constitution of India?
- Official Department of Land Resources page stating the scheme was revamped into DILRMP as a Central Sector Scheme.
- Explicitly mentions the funding share as 100% by the Central Government effective 1 April 2016.
- MoU text from official guidelines declaring DILRMP implementation modality.
- Clearly states the scheme is implemented as a Central Sector Scheme with 100% funding by the Central Government.
- Presentation slide summarizing DILRMP background and status.
- Specifies DILRMP is a Central Sector Scheme w.e.f. 01/04/2016 with 100% funding by Govt. of India.
Explicitly identifies DILRMP as a 'Centrally Sponsored Scheme' (merged from earlier central schemes).
A student can infer that DILRMP funding likely follows central–state cost‑sharing norms used for centrally sponsored schemes and look up those typical ratios to test the statement.
Describes the historical CSS lineage (Computerisation of Land Records, SRA&ULR) that were merged into DILRMP, reinforcing that it inherits CSS funding structures.
One can use knowledge of how legacy CSS for land records were funded (central share percentages) to estimate the likely central share under DILRMP and then verify.
Gives an example (National Infrastructure Pipeline) where Central and State Governments are expected to have equal funding shares (39% each), illustrating one possible central–state split used for large programmes.
A student could use this as an example of equal sharing to consider whether DILRMP might follow a similar equal-share pattern or contrast it with other CSS ratios to narrow possibilities.
Notes that programme‑specific allocations occur under Centrally Sponsored Schemes and that States are principal implementers of many functions, implying shared funding responsibility.
This suggests checking typical programme‑specific central grant practices (e.g., central grant plus state matching) to assess plausible central share for DILRMP.
Mentions active central encouragement for states to digitize land records and lists states that have digitized, indicating central policy priority which may affect central funding generosity.
A student might combine this with knowledge that high‑priority national initiatives often have larger central shares to hypothesize and then verify the central share for DILRMP.
- DILRMP is described as updating land records and integrating textual and spatial records — spatial records correspond to cadastral maps.
- Integration of textual and spatial data under the programme implies digitisation and linking of map data with titles.
- Discussion of digitisation explicitly refers to data entry for land boundaries and use of old physical maps for digitisation.
- Identifies conversion of physical cadastral maps into digital form as an ongoing activity with practical risks.
- States are reported to have digitized their land records, showing practical implementation of digitisation at state level.
- State digitisation efforts support the programme-level aim to make land records (including maps) digital and online.
- Explicitly states the Government (with C-DAC Pune) has undertaken an initiative to transliterate Records of Rights in local language.
- Specifies target languages as the 22 Schedule VIII languages of the Constitution and notes a pilot test underway.
- States MeitY has undertaken an initiative to transliterate Records of Rights from local language to any of the 22 languages recognized by the Constitution.
- Mentions a pilot test is underway with plans for pan-India rollout, directly matching the statement's claim.
- Describes a pipeline to facilitate States/UTs to have land records in all 22 constitutional languages to remove linguistic barriers.
- Notes this work is being done in association with C-DAC, linking it to the transliteration initiative described elsewhere.
States that DILRMP aims to "improve the quality and accessibility of land records," suggesting measures to make records usable by more people.
A student could infer that improving accessibility might include language-related steps (e.g., transliteration or translation) and then check official DILRMP documents for language/ transliteration components.
Says DILRMP will "update the land records and also integrate the textual and spatial records," indicating textual standardisation or processing is part of the programme.
From the need to integrate textual records, a student might reasonably investigate whether textual integration includes transliteration across different scripts/languages used in RoR.
Notes that updating land records must include "recording of rights" (RoR) that were previously unrecorded, implying substantial textual work on RoR.
Given substantial work on RoR, a student could posit that language-normalisation (transliteration/translation) would be a logical component and look for DILRMP technical guidelines addressing language handling.
Lists states (Karnataka, Rajasthan, MP, UP, Kerala, Andhra, Telangana, Gujarat) that have digitised records, implying DILRMP operates across many linguistic regions.
A student can combine this with knowledge of these states' different scripts/languages to reason that cross-state accessibility may require transliteration/standardisation, then check state implementations or central rules for transliteration policies.
Summarises the expansion of constitutionally recognised languages (now 22), showing India’s multilingual constitutional context relevant to any nationwide records programme.
Knowing many constitutionally recognised languages exist, a student could infer a nationwide programme might need to address script/language differences (e.g., transliteration) and then search DILRMP materials for explicit language/ transliteration provisions.
- [THE VERDICT]: Trap / Current Affairs Heavy. Statement 2 is standard, but S1 (Funding) and S3 (Transliteration) are specific guideline updates found in PIB, not static textbooks.
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Land Reforms (GS-3) intersecting with E-Governance (GS-2).
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: 1. ULPIN (Bhu-Aadhaar): 14-digit alpha-numeric ID for land. 2. SVAMITVA Scheme: Drone surveys for rural inhabited (Abadi) lands. 3. NGDRS: National Generic Document Registration System (One Nation One Software). 4. Torrens System: The shift from 'presumptive' to 'conclusive' titling. 5. Schedule VIII: The 22 languages (Note: English is NOT included).
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: When a legacy scheme (like Land Records) gets a 'Digital' prefix, check two things: 1) Did the funding change to 100% (Central Sector) to ensure data uniformity? 2) What is the latest AI/Tech pilot (e.g., Transliteration/Bhashini integration)?
DILRMP is the 2008 merger of Computerisation of Land Records (CLR) and Strengthening of Revenue Administration and Updating of Land Records (SRA&ULR) to modernize and integrate textual and spatial land records.
High-yield for UPSC: understanding the genesis and objectives of major land-records initiatives helps answer questions on land reform, e-governance and scheme implementation; it connects to topics on agriculture, property rights and rural credit.
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 10: Land Reforms in India > DIGITAL INDIA LAND RECORDS MODERNISATION PROGRAMME (DILRMP) > p. 352
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > 6. Computerised Land Records > p. 31
DILRMP is implemented as a centrally sponsored/central–state scheme, so the central funding share is a key aspect of its financing and implementation.
Essential for UPSC: many questions probe fiscal federalism and scheme financing patterns; mastering CSS cost‑sharing helps answer questions on centre–state responsibilities and budgetary allocations and interpret examples like central/state shares in infrastructure programmes.
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 10: Land Reforms in India > DIGITAL INDIA LAND RECORDS MODERNISATION PROGRAMME (DILRMP) > p. 352
- Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 14: Infrastructure and Investment Models > 14.18 National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) > p. 440
Digitization under DILRMP enables creation of online mortgage charge, reduces loan frauds and supports linking land records with Aadhaar and bank accounts.
High-yield: links land-record reforms to rural finance, formal credit access and anti-fraud measures; useful for answering application-based questions on why investment (and thus funding) in land-record digitization matters.
- Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 5: Land Reforms > 5.6 Digitization of land records > p. 200
- Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 5: Land Reforms > Way Forward: > p. 199
Land records comprise textual (titles, mutations) and spatial (cadastral maps) components, and DILRMP targets integration of both.
High-yield for questions on land administration and reform: explains why multiple departments are involved, links to land titling, registration and revenue systems, and frames policy debates on transparency and tenure security.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > 6. Computerised Land Records > p. 31
- Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 5: Land Reforms > 5.2 Land Reforms post-independence > p. 191
Digitising and geo-tagging land records (including cadastral maps) is promoted to create tamper-proof, accessible records and enable online services like mortgage charge creation.
Important for governance and economy questions: connects to credit delivery, fraud reduction, and centralisation of records; useful for analysing implementation of e-governance and land reform initiatives.
- Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 5: Land Reforms > 5.6 Digitization of land records > p. 200
- Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 5: Land Reforms > Way Forward: > p. 199
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > 6. Computerised Land Records > p. 31
Digitisation faces incomplete data entry, need for ground verification, and risks when converting old physical maps to digital formats.
Crucial for evaluating policy effectiveness: helps answer questions on implementation gaps, inter-departmental coordination, and measures needed to secure land records; useful in case studies and critique-based answers.
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 10: Land Reforms in India > mathscr{D} Challenges with Digitisation > p. 351
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 10: Land Reforms in India > Concerns > p. 350
DILRMP was formed by merging earlier computerisation schemes to improve the quality and accessibility of land records and move towards guaranteed titles.
Understanding DILRMP is high-yield for questions on land reforms, governance and administrative modernization; it links to property rights, rural administration and scheme evaluation questions. Mastering this enables candidates to analyze policy design, implementation gaps and impacts on agrarian credit and land tenure.
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 10: Land Reforms in India > DIGITAL INDIA LAND RECORDS MODERNISATION PROGRAMME (DILRMP) > p. 352
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > 6. Computerised Land Records > p. 31
ULPIN (Unique Land Parcel Identification Number). Since they asked about the 'Map' (S2) and the 'Language' (S3), the next logical question is the 'Identity'. ULPIN is a 14-digit ID based on geo-coordinates, often called the 'Aadhaar for Land'.
The 'Digital Infrastructure' Exception. A common heuristic is that 'Schemes on State List subjects (like Land) are 60:40 funded.' However, when a scheme focuses on *Digital Standards* or *National Data Integration* (like Census or DILRMP IT backbone), the Centre often takes 100% funding to enforce uniformity. If the scheme builds a 'National Database,' suspect 100% Central funding even if the subject is State-list.
Internal Security (GS-3): Connect Land Records to Left Wing Extremism (LWE). The lack of proper land titles and tribal alienation is a root cause of Naxalism. DILRMP is not just an economic tool; it is a conflict-resolution and internal security strategy.