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Q70 (IAS/2024) Polity & Governance › Constitutional & Statutory Bodies › North Eastern Council Official Key

The North Eastern Council (NEC) was established by the North Eastern Council Act, 1971. Subsequent to the amendment of NEC Act in 2002, the Council comprises which of the following members ? 1. Governor of the Constituent State 2. Chief Minister of the Constituent State 3. Three Members to be nominated by the President of India 4. The Home Minister of India Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: A
Explanation

The correct answer is option A (1, 2 and 3 only).

The membership of the NEC is comprised of Governors and Chief Ministers of the constituent states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and Sikkim.[1] The North-Eastern Council (Amendment) Act, 2002 added Sikkim as the eighth member-State of the Council, envisaged functioning of the Council as a regional planning body for the north-eastern area and provisioned for three members and Chairman of the Council to be nominated by the President.[2]

Therefore, statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct - the NEC includes Governors of constituent states, Chief Ministers of constituent states, and three members nominated by the President of India. Statement 4 is incorrect as the Home Minister of India is not mentioned as a member in the provided sources. The 2002 amendment specifically brought about these compositional changes including the provision for Presidential nominees and the inclusion of Sikkim as the eighth member state.

Sources
  1. [1] https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-north-eastern-council-amendment-bill-2013
  2. [2] https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_parliament/2013/SCR-North-Eastern_Council.pdf
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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. The North Eastern Council (NEC) was established by the North Eastern Council Act, 1971. Subsequent to the amendment of NEC Act in 2002, t…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 7.5/10

This is a 'Hidden Syllabus' question. While standard books (Laxmikanth) cover Zonal Councils in depth, they often summarize the NEC as merely 'created by 1971 Act' without detailing the crucial 2002 Amendment. The trap lies in assuming NEC follows the exact same 'Home Minister + CMs' structure as Zonal Councils, ignoring the unique inclusion of Governors and Nominated Members.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Does the membership of the North Eastern Council (NEC), as per the North Eastern Council Act, 1971 (as amended in 2002), include the Governor of each constituent state?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The membership of the NEC is comprised of Governors and Chief Ministers of the constituent states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and Sikkim."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states who comprises the NEC membership, naming Governors and Chief Ministers.
  • Lists the constituent states (including Sikkim), tying the membership statement to the Council created/updated by the Act and its amendment.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The Governors and Chief Ministers of constituent States are members of the Council."
Why this source?
  • Directly affirms that Governors are members of the Council.
  • Notes the 2002 Amendment added Sikkim and refers to Governors and Chief Ministers as members after that amendment.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"The members of the NEC consists of the Governors and the Chief Ministers of the eight member States"
Why this source?
  • Gives the same clear formulation: NEC members consist of the Governors and Chief Ministers of the eight member States.
  • Confirms the membership composition in a regional/state government source.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 16: Inter-State Relations > ZONAL COUNCILS > p. 171
Strength: 5/5
“North-Eastern Council In addition to the above Zonal Councils, a North-Eastern Council was created by a separate Act of Parliament—the North-Eastern Council Act of 1971. <sup>8</sup> Its members include Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Arunchal Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura and Sikkim. <sup>9</sup> Its functions are similar to those of the zonal councils, but with few additions. It has to formulate a unified and coordinated regional plan covering matters of common importance. • Name: 1. Northern Zonal Council; Members: Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Delhi, Chandigarh, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh; Col3: Headquarters New Delhi • Name: 2. Central Zonal Council; Members: Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh, and Madhya Pradesh; Col3: Allahabad • Name: 3.”
Why relevant

Explicit listing of the NEC's members as the states (Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura and Sikkim) — wording names states rather than office-holders.

How to extend

A student could infer that 'members' being listed as states suggests institutional/state membership (not automatically the Governor), and check the Act for whether membership is by state or by named office-holder.

Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 16: Inter State Relations > ZONAL COUNCILS > p. 171
Strength: 4/5
“North-Eastern Council In addition to the above Zonal Councils, a North-Eastern Council was created by a separate Act of Parliament—the North-Eastern Council Act of 1971. <sup>8</sup> Its members include Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura and Sikkim. <sup>9</sup> Its functions are similar to those of the zonal councils, but with few additions. It has to formulate a unified and coordinated regional plan covering matters of common importance. | Name: 1. Northern Zonal Council; Members: Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Delhi, Chandigarh, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh; Col3: Headquarters New Delhi | Name: 2. Central Zonal Council; Members: Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh, and Madhya Pradesh; Col3: Allahabad | Name: 3.”
Why relevant

Repeats that the North-Eastern Council was created by statute and lists member states, reinforcing the pattern of 'states' being the entities named as members.

How to extend

Combine this repetition with reading of statutory membership clauses (in the Act) to test whether membership is attached to the state or to specific state officers (e.g., Governor or Chief Minister).

Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 27: INTER-STATE RELATIONS > I. Inter-State Comity > p. 407
Strength: 4/5
“There is also provision for holding joint meetings of two or more Zonal Councils. The Union Home Minister has been nominated to be the common chairman of all the Zonal Councils. . . The Zonal Councils, as already stated, discuss matters of common concern to the States and Territories comprised in each Zone, such as, economic and social planning, border disputes, inter-state transport, matters arising out of the reorganisation of states and the like, and give advice to the Governments of the states concerned as well as the Government of India. Besides the Zonal Councils, there is a North-Eastern Council, set up under the North-Eastern Council Act, 1971, to deal with the common problems of Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram.”
Why relevant

Notes that the Union Home Minister is nominated to be the common chairman of all the Zonal Councils — giving a pattern where central office-holders chair regional councils.

How to extend

A student could use this pattern to suspect NEC leadership is likely a central nominee (not necessarily Governors), and so check whether the Act names a central chair or state Governors as members.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 15: Centre-State Relations > 11. Extra-Constitutional Devices > p. 151
Strength: 3/5
“In addition to the above-mentioned constitutional devices, there are extra-constitutional devices to promote cooperation and coordination between the Centre and the states. These include a number of advisory bodies and conferences held at the Central level. The non-constitutional advisory bodies include the NITI Ayog (which succeeded the planning commission), the National Integration Council, the Central Council of Health and Family Welfare, the Central Council of Local Government, the Zonal Councils, the North-Eastern Council, the Central Council of Indian Medicine, the Central Council of Homoeopathy, the Transport Development Council, the University Grants Commission and so on. The important conferences held either annually or otherwise to facilitate Centre-state consultation on a wide range of matters are as follows: (i) The governors' conference (presided over by the President). (ii) The chief ministers' conference (presided over by the prime minister). (iii) The chief 151”
Why relevant

Classifies the NEC as a non-constitutional/advisory body similar to other councils — implying it follows the institutional patterns of such councils rather than being a forum for Governors specifically.

How to extend

Using the general pattern of advisory councils (often composed of central and state executives), a student could look up comparable councils' compositions to infer likely types of members to compare with the NEC Act.

Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 13: The State Executive > THE STATE EXECUTIVE > p. 274
Strength: 3/5
“Besides the above functions to be exercised by the Governor 'in his discretion', there are certain functions under the amended Constitution which are to be exercised by the Governor 'on his special responsibility'-which practically means the same thing as 'in his discretion', because though in cases of special responsibility, he is to consult his Council of Ministers, the final decision shall be 'in his individual judgment', which no court can question. (i) Under Article 371(2), as amended, the President may direct that the Governor of Maharashtra or Gujarat shall have a special responsibility for taking steps for the development of certain areas in the State, such as Vidarbha, Saurashtra. (ii) The Governor of Nagaland shall, under Article 371A(1)(b) (introduced in 1962), have similar responsibility with respect to law and order in that State so long as internal disturbances caused by the hostile Nagas in that State continue. (iii) Similarly, Article 371C(1), as inserted in 1971, empowers the President to direct that the Governor of Manipur shall have special responsibility to secure the proper functioning of the Committee of the Legislative Assembly of the State consisting of the members elected from the Hill Areas of that State. (iv) Article 371F(g), inserted by the Constitution (36th Amendment) Act, 1975, similarly, imposes a special responsibility upon the Governor of Sikkim "for peace and for an equitable arrangement for ensuring the social and economic advancement of different sections of the population of Sikkim". (v) Article 371H(a), inserted by the Constitution (55th Amendment) Act, 1986, similarly, imposes a special responsibility upon the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh "with respect to law and order in the State of Arunachal Pradesh and in the discharge of his functions in relation thereto, the Governor shall, after”
Why relevant

Describes special responsibilities assigned to Governors under various constitutional provisions for some North-Eastern states, showing Governors do have distinct statutory roles in the region.

How to extend

A student could weigh the existence of special statutory Governor roles against the NEC's statutory membership wording: Governors have region-specific duties elsewhere, but that does not by itself prove NEC membership includes Governors.

Statement 2
Does the membership of the North Eastern Council (NEC), as per the North Eastern Council Act, 1971 (as amended in 2002), include the Chief Minister of each constituent state?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The membership of the NEC is comprised of Governors and Chief Ministers of the constituent states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and Sikkim."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states who comprises NEC membership, listing both Governors and Chief Ministers.
  • Specifies the constituent states including Sikkim (reflecting the 2002 amendment).
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The Governors and Chief Ministers of constituent States are members of the Council. The North-Eastern Council (Amendment) Act, 2002, inter alia, added Sikkim as the eighth member-State of the Council;"
Why this source?
  • Confirms that Governors and Chief Ministers of constituent States are members of the Council.
  • Mentions the North-Eastern Council (Amendment) Act, 2002 adding Sikkim as a member-state, tying the membership statement to the amended Act.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The members of the NEC consists of the Governors and the Chief Ministers of the eight member States"
Why this source?
  • Reiterates the composition: members consist of the Governors and the Chief Ministers of the eight member States.
  • Specifies the eight member States, aligning with the post-2002 composition.

Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 16: Inter State Relations > ZONAL COUNCILS > p. 170
Strength: 5/5
“r ZONAL COUNCILS The Zonal Councils are the statutory (and not the constitutional) bodies. They are established by an Act of the Parliament, that is, States Reorganisation Act of 1956. The act divided the country into five zones (Northern, Central, Eastern, Western and Southern) and provided a zonal council for each zone. While forming these zones, several factors have been taken into account which include: the natural divisions of the country, the river systems and modes of communication, the cultural and linguistic affinity and the requirements of economic development, security and law and order. Each zonal council consists of the following members: (a) home minister of Central government. (b) chief ministers of all the States in the zone. (c) Two other ministers from each State in the zone. (d) Administrator of each union territory in the zone.”
Why relevant

Describes membership pattern for Zonal Councils (statutory bodies): explicitly lists the chief ministers of all states in the zone as members.

How to extend

A student could generalize that statutory inter‑state/regional councils created by Parliament often include state Chief Ministers and check whether the NEC (also a statutory council) follows the same membership model.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 16: Inter-State Relations > ZONAL COUNCILS > p. 171
Strength: 4/5
“North-Eastern Council In addition to the above Zonal Councils, a North-Eastern Council was created by a separate Act of Parliament—the North-Eastern Council Act of 1971. <sup>8</sup> Its members include Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Arunchal Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura and Sikkim. <sup>9</sup> Its functions are similar to those of the zonal councils, but with few additions. It has to formulate a unified and coordinated regional plan covering matters of common importance. • Name: 1. Northern Zonal Council; Members: Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Delhi, Chandigarh, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh; Col3: Headquarters New Delhi • Name: 2. Central Zonal Council; Members: Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh, and Madhya Pradesh; Col3: Allahabad • Name: 3.”
Why relevant

States that the North‑Eastern Council was created by a separate Act of Parliament (North‑Eastern Council Act, 1971) and lists its constituent states, paralleling the description of zonal councils.

How to extend

Because the NEC is a separate statutory council like zonal councils, a student could infer it might adopt similar membership rules (and then verify the NEC Act text for confirmation).

Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 16: Inter State Relations > ZONAL COUNCILS > p. 171
Strength: 4/5
“North-Eastern Council In addition to the above Zonal Councils, a North-Eastern Council was created by a separate Act of Parliament—the North-Eastern Council Act of 1971. <sup>8</sup> Its members include Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura and Sikkim. <sup>9</sup> Its functions are similar to those of the zonal councils, but with few additions. It has to formulate a unified and coordinated regional plan covering matters of common importance. | Name: 1. Northern Zonal Council; Members: Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Delhi, Chandigarh, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh; Col3: Headquarters New Delhi | Name: 2. Central Zonal Council; Members: Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh, and Madhya Pradesh; Col3: Allahabad | Name: 3.”
Why relevant

Repeats that the NEC was created by statute and names the member states, reinforcing its similarity to other statutory regional councils.

How to extend

Use the NEC's statutory nature (parity with zonal councils) to look up whether membership conventions (e.g., inclusion of CMs) used in zonal councils are applied to the NEC.

Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 16: Inter State Relations > INTER-STATE COUNCILS > p. 168
Strength: 4/5
“4 Establishment of Inter-State Council The Sarkaria Commission on Centre-State Relations ( 1983- 88) made a strong case for the establishment of an permanent Inter-State Council under Article 263 ofthe Constitution. It recommended that in order to differentiate the Inter-State Council from other bodies established under the same Article 263, it must be called as the Inter-Governmental Council. In pursuance of the above recommendations of the Sarkaria Commission, the Janata Dal Government headed by V. P. Singh established the Inter-State Council in 1990. It consists of the following members: • (i) Prime Minister as the Chairman • (ii) Chief Ministers of all the states • (iii) Chief Ministers of union territories having legislative assemblies”
Why relevant

Gives membership of the Inter‑State Council — a central intergovernmental body — and shows that such councils commonly include Chief Ministers as members.

How to extend

A student can treat this as an example that high‑level intergovernmental councils typically include chief ministers, making it plausible (but not proven) that NEC might likewise include CMs; then check the NEC Act for exact wording.

Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 27: INTER-STATE RELATIONS > I. Inter-State Comity > p. 407
Strength: 3/5
“There is also provision for holding joint meetings of two or more Zonal Councils. The Union Home Minister has been nominated to be the common chairman of all the Zonal Councils. . . The Zonal Councils, as already stated, discuss matters of common concern to the States and Territories comprised in each Zone, such as, economic and social planning, border disputes, inter-state transport, matters arising out of the reorganisation of states and the like, and give advice to the Governments of the states concerned as well as the Government of India. Besides the Zonal Councils, there is a North-Eastern Council, set up under the North-Eastern Council Act, 1971, to deal with the common problems of Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram.”
Why relevant

Notes that the NEC was set up under a statute to deal with common problems of specified northeastern states, highlighting its role as a regional coordinating body.

How to extend

From the NEC's coordinating role (similar to zonal/inter‑state bodies that include CMs), a student could reasonably suspect inclusion of chief ministers and look up the Act for verification.

Statement 3
Does the membership of the North Eastern Council (NEC), as per the North Eastern Council Act, 1971 (as amended in 2002), include three members nominated by the President of India?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The North-Eastern Council (Amendment) Act, 2002, inter alia, added Sikkim as the eighth member-State of the Council; envisaged functioning of the Council as a regional planning body for the north-eastern area and provisioned for three members and Chairman of the Council to be nominated by the President."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states the 2002 amendment provided for three members and the Chairman to be nominated by the President.
  • Directly ties the North-Eastern Council (Amendment) Act, 2002 to the introduction of presidentially nominated members.
Web source
Presence: 3/5
"North Eastern Council (Amendment) Act, 2002 (68 of 2002) came into force with effect from 26th June, 2003 and the main features of the Act are: I) Sikkim included in NEC ii) President of India to nominate Chairman iii)"
Why this source?
  • Describes the main features of the 2002 amendment and shows it introduced presidential nomination powers for the Council's leadership.
  • Corroborates that the 2002 amendment changed NEC membership/leadership to include presidential nominees (explicitly mentions nomination of the Chairman).

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 16: Inter-State Relations > ZONAL COUNCILS > p. 171
Strength: 4/5
“North-Eastern Council In addition to the above Zonal Councils, a North-Eastern Council was created by a separate Act of Parliament—the North-Eastern Council Act of 1971. <sup>8</sup> Its members include Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Arunchal Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura and Sikkim. <sup>9</sup> Its functions are similar to those of the zonal councils, but with few additions. It has to formulate a unified and coordinated regional plan covering matters of common importance. • Name: 1. Northern Zonal Council; Members: Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Delhi, Chandigarh, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh; Col3: Headquarters New Delhi • Name: 2. Central Zonal Council; Members: Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh, and Madhya Pradesh; Col3: Allahabad • Name: 3.”
Why relevant

States that the NEC was created by a separate Act and explicitly lists its member States (Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura and Sikkim).

How to extend

A student could note that the Act’s primary membership appears state-based and check whether additional nominated central/presidential members are mentioned elsewhere in the Act (or absent from such state lists).

Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 16: Inter State Relations > ZONAL COUNCILS > p. 171
Strength: 3/5
“North-Eastern Council In addition to the above Zonal Councils, a North-Eastern Council was created by a separate Act of Parliament—the North-Eastern Council Act of 1971. <sup>8</sup> Its members include Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura and Sikkim. <sup>9</sup> Its functions are similar to those of the zonal councils, but with few additions. It has to formulate a unified and coordinated regional plan covering matters of common importance. | Name: 1. Northern Zonal Council; Members: Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Delhi, Chandigarh, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh; Col3: Headquarters New Delhi | Name: 2. Central Zonal Council; Members: Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh, and Madhya Pradesh; Col3: Allahabad | Name: 3.”
Why relevant

Repeats the NEC’s creation and the list of constituent States, reinforcing that membership emphasis is state representation.

How to extend

Use this repetition to justify looking up the Act’s membership clauses for any extra non-state nominees (e.g., presidential nominees).

Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 27: INTER-STATE RELATIONS > I. Inter-State Comity > p. 407
Strength: 4/5
“There is also provision for holding joint meetings of two or more Zonal Councils. The Union Home Minister has been nominated to be the common chairman of all the Zonal Councils. . . The Zonal Councils, as already stated, discuss matters of common concern to the States and Territories comprised in each Zone, such as, economic and social planning, border disputes, inter-state transport, matters arising out of the reorganisation of states and the like, and give advice to the Governments of the states concerned as well as the Government of India. Besides the Zonal Councils, there is a North-Eastern Council, set up under the North-Eastern Council Act, 1971, to deal with the common problems of Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram.”
Why relevant

Notes that the Union Home Minister is nominated as common chairman of all Zonal Councils, showing Acts/arrangements often specify nominated central office-holders as part of council composition.

How to extend

A student can infer central nomination powers exist for similar bodies and therefore should check whether the NEC’s statute assigns nomination powers to the Prime Minister, President, or specific Ministers.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 16: Inter-State Relations > INTER-STATE COUNCILS > p. 169
Strength: 4/5
“169 • (iv) Administrators of union territories not having legislative assemblies • (v) Governors of States under President's rule • (vi) Six Central cabinet ministers, including the home minister, to be nominated by the Prime Minister. Five Ministers of Cabinet rank / Minister of State (independent charge) nominated by the Chairman of the Council (i.e., Prime Minister) are permanent invitees to the Council. The council is a recommendatory body on issues relating to inter-state, Centre-state and Centre-union territories relations. It aims at promoting coordination between them by examining, discussing and deliberating on such issues.”
Why relevant

Describes that inter-state bodies often include central ministers nominated by the Prime Minister (example: six Central cabinet ministers nominated by PM).

How to extend

This pattern suggests nomination of central members typically flows from the PM or central executive; so a student could contrast this with the NEC to see if the President (rather than PM) is the nominating authority.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 15: Centre-State Relations > 11. Extra-Constitutional Devices > p. 151
Strength: 3/5
“In addition to the above-mentioned constitutional devices, there are extra-constitutional devices to promote cooperation and coordination between the Centre and the states. These include a number of advisory bodies and conferences held at the Central level. The non-constitutional advisory bodies include the NITI Ayog (which succeeded the planning commission), the National Integration Council, the Central Council of Health and Family Welfare, the Central Council of Local Government, the Zonal Councils, the North-Eastern Council, the Central Council of Indian Medicine, the Central Council of Homoeopathy, the Transport Development Council, the University Grants Commission and so on. The important conferences held either annually or otherwise to facilitate Centre-state consultation on a wide range of matters are as follows: (i) The governors' conference (presided over by the President). (ii) The chief ministers' conference (presided over by the prime minister). (iii) The chief 151”
Why relevant

Lists the NEC among non-constitutional advisory bodies akin to zonal councils, implying membership structures may follow similar patterns to zonal/inter-state councils.

How to extend

A student could compare the statutory membership clauses of zonal councils (where central nominations are by PM/Home Minister) with the NEC Act to test whether the NEC uniquely provides presidential nominations.

Statement 4
Does the membership of the North Eastern Council (NEC), as per the North Eastern Council Act, 1971 (as amended in 2002), include the Union Home Minister of India?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 16: Inter State Relations > ZONAL COUNCILS > p. 170
Strength: 5/5
“r ZONAL COUNCILS The Zonal Councils are the statutory (and not the constitutional) bodies. They are established by an Act of the Parliament, that is, States Reorganisation Act of 1956. The act divided the country into five zones (Northern, Central, Eastern, Western and Southern) and provided a zonal council for each zone. While forming these zones, several factors have been taken into account which include: the natural divisions of the country, the river systems and modes of communication, the cultural and linguistic affinity and the requirements of economic development, security and law and order. Each zonal council consists of the following members: (a) home minister of Central government. (b) chief ministers of all the States in the zone. (c) Two other ministers from each State in the zone. (d) Administrator of each union territory in the zone.”
Why relevant

Describes a general pattern for Zonal Councils: the Central Government's Home Minister is explicitly a member of each zonal council.

How to extend

A student could use this pattern (Home Minister = member/chair of zonal bodies) and then compare the NEC Act's membership list to see if the NEC follows the same pattern or differs.

Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 27: INTER-STATE RELATIONS > I. Inter-State Comity > p. 407
Strength: 4/5
“There is also provision for holding joint meetings of two or more Zonal Councils. The Union Home Minister has been nominated to be the common chairman of all the Zonal Councils. . . The Zonal Councils, as already stated, discuss matters of common concern to the States and Territories comprised in each Zone, such as, economic and social planning, border disputes, inter-state transport, matters arising out of the reorganisation of states and the like, and give advice to the Governments of the states concerned as well as the Government of India. Besides the Zonal Councils, there is a North-Eastern Council, set up under the North-Eastern Council Act, 1971, to deal with the common problems of Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram.”
Why relevant

States that the Union Home Minister has been nominated as the common chairman of all Zonal Councils and separately notes the North-Eastern Council is set up under its own Act.

How to extend

A student could note the explicit role of the Home Minister for zonal bodies and then check whether the separate statutory scheme for the NEC includes a similar nomination.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 16: Inter-State Relations > INTER-STATE COUNCILS > p. 169
Strength: 4/5
“It consists of the following members: (i) Union Home Minister as the Chairman (ii) Five Union Cabinet Ministers (iii) Nine Chief Ministers The Council is assisted by a secretariat called the Inter-State Council Secretariat. This secretariat was set-up in 1991 and is headed by a secretary to the Government of India. Since 2011, it is also functioning as the secretariat of the Zonal Councils.”
Why relevant

Gives an example (Inter-State Council) where the Union Home Minister is listed as Chairman of a national inter-state body, showing a recurring practice of Home Minister leadership in inter-state forums.

How to extend

Apply this recurring-practice clue to hypothesize that many inter-state/statutory regional bodies name the Home Minister; then verify if the NEC Act follows this practice.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 16: Inter-State Relations > ZONAL COUNCILS > p. 171
Strength: 5/5
“North-Eastern Council In addition to the above Zonal Councils, a North-Eastern Council was created by a separate Act of Parliament—the North-Eastern Council Act of 1971. <sup>8</sup> Its members include Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Arunchal Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura and Sikkim. <sup>9</sup> Its functions are similar to those of the zonal councils, but with few additions. It has to formulate a unified and coordinated regional plan covering matters of common importance. • Name: 1. Northern Zonal Council; Members: Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Delhi, Chandigarh, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh; Col3: Headquarters New Delhi • Name: 2. Central Zonal Council; Members: Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh, and Madhya Pradesh; Col3: Allahabad • Name: 3.”
Why relevant

Explicitly lists the NEC members as the North-Eastern states (Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura and Sikkim) without mentioning central minister(s).

How to extend

A student could take this enumerated membership as suggestive that NEC membership is state-centric and then inspect the NEC Act's membership clauses to confirm presence or absence of the Home Minister.

Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 16: Inter State Relations > ZONAL COUNCILS > p. 171
Strength: 4/5
“North-Eastern Council In addition to the above Zonal Councils, a North-Eastern Council was created by a separate Act of Parliament—the North-Eastern Council Act of 1971. <sup>8</sup> Its members include Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura and Sikkim. <sup>9</sup> Its functions are similar to those of the zonal councils, but with few additions. It has to formulate a unified and coordinated regional plan covering matters of common importance. | Name: 1. Northern Zonal Council; Members: Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Delhi, Chandigarh, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh; Col3: Headquarters New Delhi | Name: 2. Central Zonal Council; Members: Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh, and Madhya Pradesh; Col3: Allahabad | Name: 3.”
Why relevant

Repeats that NEC was created by a separate Act and lists its member states, again showing a statutory body with a clear state-member list.

How to extend

Use this duplicate example to strengthen the expectation that NEC membership might be defined differently from zonal councils (which include the Home Minister), prompting direct examination of the NEC Act.

Pattern takeaway: UPSC loves 'Asymmetric Federalism'. They test the exceptions to the general rule. If Zonal Councils have CMs, UPSC will ask about the NEC because it uniquely adds Governors and Presidential Nominees to the mix.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Trap/Bouncer. Standard sources mention the NEC exists but rarely detail the '3 Nominated Members' or the specific inclusion of Governors vs. Zonal Councils. You needed the 2002 Amendment details.
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Statutory Bodies & Federalism. Specifically, the distinction between 'Zonal Councils' (States Reorganisation Act, 1956) and the 'North Eastern Council' (NEC Act, 1971).
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 'Council Composition Matrix': 1. Zonal Councils: Home Minister (Chair) + CMs + 2 Ministers. 2. Inter-State Council: PM (Chair) + CMs + 6 Union Ministers. 3. NEC: Home Minister (Ex-officio Chair) + DoNER Minister (Vice-Chair) + Governors + CMs + 3 Presidential Nominees.
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Comparative Reading. Never read about the NEC in isolation. Always ask: 'How does this differ from the Zonal Councils I just studied?' The presence of Governors in NEC (unlike Zonal) is the critical differentiator.
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 NEC: statutory body under the North-Eastern Council Act, 1971
💡 The insight

NEC was established by a specific Act of Parliament (the North-Eastern Council Act, 1971), so its composition and functions derive from statute.

High-yield for governance and federalism questions: knowing the legal basis helps answer queries about powers, composition and accountability of regional bodies; links to Parliament's legislative competence and regional planning mechanisms.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 16: Inter-State Relations > ZONAL COUNCILS > p. 171
  • Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 16: Inter State Relations > ZONAL COUNCILS > p. 171
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 27: INTER-STATE RELATIONS > I. Inter-State Comity > p. 407
🔗 Anchor: "Does the membership of the North Eastern Council (NEC), as per the North Eastern..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 NEC membership listed as named constituent units
💡 The insight

Membership is expressed by naming the constituent units of the North-Eastern region (Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura, Sikkim), which frames interpretation of who or what represents the region on the Council.

Useful for distinguishing membership defined by territory versus membership by office-holders; helps tackle MCQs and mains questions on institutional composition and representation in regional councils.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 16: Inter-State Relations > ZONAL COUNCILS > p. 171
  • Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 16: Inter State Relations > ZONAL COUNCILS > p. 171
🔗 Anchor: "Does the membership of the North Eastern Council (NEC), as per the North Eastern..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 NEC as an extra-constitutional advisory/coordination body
💡 The insight

NEC is listed among non-constitutional advisory bodies used for Centre–region coordination and planning.

Important for questions on mechanisms beyond constitutional institutions; connects to centre–region relations, advisory councils, and policy implementation—areas frequently examined in polity and governance papers.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 15: Centre-State Relations > 11. Extra-Constitutional Devices > p. 151
  • Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 15: Centre State Relations > 11. Extra-Constitutional Devices > p. 151
🔗 Anchor: "Does the membership of the North Eastern Council (NEC), as per the North Eastern..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 North-Eastern Council: creation and constituent states
💡 The insight

NEC was created by a separate Act (North-Eastern Council Act, 1971) and lists the constituent states such as Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura and Sikkim.

High-yield for polity questions about statutory regional bodies: knowing the statute of creation and the exact member states helps answer questions on institutional mandate and regional groupings; it connects to broader topics on Centre–State institutions and regional planning bodies.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 16: Inter-State Relations > ZONAL COUNCILS > p. 171
  • Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 16: Inter State Relations > ZONAL COUNCILS > p. 171
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 27: INTER-STATE RELATIONS > I. Inter-State Comity > p. 407
🔗 Anchor: "Does the membership of the North Eastern Council (NEC), as per the North Eastern..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Statutory nature of zonal/regional councils versus constitutional bodies
💡 The insight

Zonal councils are statutory bodies established by parliamentary acts; the NEC is separately established by its own Act, highlighting differences in origin and possible composition rules.

Important for distinguishing types of inter-governmental bodies in India (statutory vs. constitutional); helps in answering questions on legal basis, authority and membership of regional councils and comparing them with constitutional bodies.

📚 Reading List :
  • Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 16: Inter State Relations > ZONAL COUNCILS > p. 170
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 16: Inter-State Relations > ZONAL COUNCILS > p. 171
🔗 Anchor: "Does the membership of the North Eastern Council (NEC), as per the North Eastern..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Typical composition pattern of zonal/inter-state councils (includes Chief Ministers)
💡 The insight

Zonal councils and the Inter-State Council are described as including the Chief Ministers of member units, which is conceptually relevant when evaluating whether a similar composition applies to NEC.

Useful for pattern-recognition questions: knowing that many inter-governmental councils include chief ministers enables targeted comparison questions (e.g., which bodies include CMs); links to Centre–State relations and Article 263 bodies.

📚 Reading List :
  • Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 16: Inter State Relations > ZONAL COUNCILS > p. 170
  • Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 16: Inter State Relations > INTER-STATE COUNCILS > p. 168
🔗 Anchor: "Does the membership of the North Eastern Council (NEC), as per the North Eastern..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 North-Eastern Council: statutory origin (North-Eastern Council Act, 1971)
💡 The insight

The NEC was established by a dedicated Act of Parliament in 1971 as the regional statutory body for the North-East.

High-yield for polity and regional governance topics: questions often ask which bodies are statutory versus extra-constitutional. Connects to zonal councils, Centre–region coordination, and laws that create institutional frameworks.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 16: Inter-State Relations > ZONAL COUNCILS > p. 171
  • Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 16: Inter State Relations > ZONAL COUNCILS > p. 171
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 27: INTER-STATE RELATIONS > I. Inter-State Comity > p. 407
🔗 Anchor: "Does the membership of the North Eastern Council (NEC), as per the North Eastern..."
🌑 The Hidden Trap

The Vice-Chairman. While the Home Minister is the Chairman (ex-officio), the Minister of Development of North Eastern Region (DoNER) acts as the Vice-Chairman. This specific hierarchy is a likely future statement.

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

Use the 'Article 371 Logic'. In the North East, Governors have special constitutional powers (e.g., Nagaland, Arunachal). Therefore, a regional council for the NE *cannot* function effectively with just Chief Ministers (like normal Zonal Councils). Governors *must* be members. This logic validates Statement 1 immediately.

🔗 Mains Connection

Mains GS-3 (Internal Security): The inclusion of 'Governors' in the NEC isn't just administrative; it's a security bridge. Under Article 371 series, NE Governors have special responsibilities for law and order, necessitating their presence in the regional council, unlike in peaceful zones.

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

NDA-II · 2018 · Q94 Relevance score: -1.28

Who among the following is the ex officio Chairman of the North Eastern Council?

NDA-I · 2014 · Q56 Relevance score: -1.84

Which of the following is/are correct relating to the North-Eastern Region Community Resource Management Project for upland areas? 1. It is a livelihood and rural development project aimed to transform the lives of the poor and marginalized tribal families in North-East India. 2. This Project is initiated exclusively by the North-Eastern Council. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

CDS-I · 2013 · Q102 Relevance score: -2.74

The Constituent Assembly of India convened to prepare the Constitution of India appointed a sub-committee headed by Gopinath Bordoloi. Which of the following recommendations was/we re made by the Com- mittee ? 1. Fifth Schedule for the North-East Frontier (Assam) Tribal and Excluded Areas 2. Constitution of District Councils in all autonomous districts of Assam 3. Sixth Schedule for the North-East Frontier (Assam) Tribal and Excluded Areas 4. Demarcation of territories in North-East India Select the correct answer using the codes given below—

CDS-II · 2018 · Q62 Relevance score: -4.36

Which of the following statements relating to the Indian Councils Act, 1861 is/are correct? 1. The Act introduced a grain of popular element by including non-official members in the Governor-General’s Executive Council. 2. The members were nominated and their functions were confined exclusively to consideration of legislative proposals placed before it by the Governor-General. 3. The Governor-General did not have effective legislative power. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

CDS-II · 2010 · Q75 Relevance score: -5.68

Which of the following statements with regard to Inter-State Council is/are correct ? 1. It was established under the provisions of the Constitution of India. 2. The Council is a recommendatory body. 3. There is a standing committee of the Council under the Chairman- ship of the Prime Minister of India to process matters for consideration of the Council. Select the correct answer using the code given below : ,