Question map
Which of the following is/are correctly matched in terms of equivalent rank in the three services of Indian Defence forces ? 1. Brigadier - Air Commodore - Commander 2. Major General - Air Vice Marshal - Vice Admiral 3. Major - Squadron Leader - Lieutenant Commander 4. Lieutenant Colonel - Group Captain - Captain Select the correct answer using the code given below :
Explanation
The correct answer is option D (3 only).
Let us examine each statement:
**Statement 1** claims Brigadier = Air Commodore = Commander. However, Brigadier, Commodore, and Air Commodore[1] are equivalent ranks, meaning the Navy equivalent is Commodore, not Commander. This statement is **incorrect**.
**Statement 2** claims Major General = Air Vice Marshal = Vice Admiral. Major General, Air Vice Marshal, and Rear Admiral are equivalent ranks[3], not Vice Admiral. Vice Admiral is equivalent to Lieutenant General. This statement is **incorrect**.
**Statement 3** claims Major = Squadron Leader = Lieutenant Commander. Major, Squadron Leader, and Lieutenant Commander[6] are[4] indeed equivalent ranks across the three services. This statement is **correct**.
**Statement 4** claims Lieutenant Colonel = Group Captain = Captain. Lieutenant Colonel, Wing Commander, and Captain (IN) are equivalent ranks[7], not Group Captain. Group Captain is equivalent to Colonel. This statement is **incorrect**.
Therefore, only statement 3 is correctly matched.
SourcesPROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis question is a classic 'CDS crossover'—easy for defence aspirants, a bouncer for pure civilians. It signals that 'Internal Security' (GS3) includes the administrative structure of the forces, not just missiles and exercises. It tests functional literacy of the state apparatus: you know the hierarchy of courts; you must know the hierarchy of the sword.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Are Brigadier (Indian Army), Air Commodore (Indian Air Force), and Commander (Indian Navy) equivalent ranks in the Indian Defence forces?
- Statement 2: Are Major General (Indian Army), Air Vice Marshal (Indian Air Force), and Vice Admiral (Indian Navy) equivalent ranks in the Indian Defence forces?
- Statement 3: Are Major (Indian Army), Squadron Leader (Indian Air Force), and Lieutenant Commander (Indian Navy) equivalent ranks in the Indian Defence forces?
- Statement 4: Are Lieutenant Colonel (Indian Army), Group Captain (Indian Air Force), and Captain (Indian Navy) equivalent ranks in the Indian Defence forces?
- Provides a direct equivalence table for officer ranks across the three services.
- Lists Brigadier (Army) alongside Commodore (Navy) and Air Commodore (Air Force), showing the Navy equivalent is Commodore, not Commander.
- Shows the row mapping Lieutenant Colonel (Army) to Commander (Navy) and Wing Commander (Air Force).
- Indicates Commander (Navy) corresponds to Lieutenant Colonel, not Brigadier/Air Commodore, so Commander is not equivalent to Brigadier/Air Commodore.
Explicitly uses phrasing 'rank of colonel and above in the Army and equivalent posts in the Navy, the Air Force', showing that ranks across services are described in terms of 'equivalent posts'.
A student could use this rule to look up where Brigadier and Air Commodore lie relative to 'colonel and above' and then compare the Navy's listed 'equivalent posts' to judge equivalence.
Mentions 'Officers of the rank of Major-General or equivalent rank' indicating official practice of mapping one service's rank to equivalents in others for precedence and protocol.
One could extend this by consulting official precedence/appointment lists (which map Major-General to equivalents) and then locate Brigadier/Air Commodore/Commander within that mapped hierarchy.
Similarly cites 'Officers of the rank of Lieutenant General or equivalent rank', reinforcing that multi-service equivalence is used in official lists.
A student could apply this pattern to find where Brigadier/Air Commodore/Commander fall relative to Lieutenant General/other ranks to infer equivalence or non-equivalence.
- Provides a side-by-side rank table showing equivalence across Army, Navy, Air Force.
- Shows Major General aligns with Rear Admiral and Air Vice Marshal, while Vice Admiral aligns with Lieutenant General and Air Marshal — so Major General and Vice Admiral are not equivalents.
- Gives an equivalent-ranks table that pairs Major General with Rear Admiral and Air Vice Marshal.
- Separately pairs Lt. General with Vice Admiral and Air Marshal, confirming Vice Admiral is higher than Major General's equivalents.
The snippet lists 'Principal Staff Officers of the Armed Forces of the rank of Major General or equivalent rank', showing the use of the phrase 'or equivalent rank' to align ranks across services.
A student could look up equivalent-rank tables or precedence lists to see which Air Force and Navy ranks are typically labeled 'equivalent' to Major General.
This snippet says 'colonel and above in the Army and equivalent posts in the Navy, the Air Force', establishing the practice of mapping Army ranks to equivalent posts in the other services.
One could apply this rule to 'Major General' (an Army rank above colonel) and search standard service-rank correspondences to identify the matching Air Force and Navy ranks.
The excerpt uses 'Officers of the rank of Lieutenant General or equivalent rank', again demonstrating that civil/military precedence groups are defined by a rank plus its equivalents across services.
Using this pattern, a student can infer that Major General will similarly have defined equivalents (e.g., one-rank-lower than Lieutenant General) in the other services and then check service rank hierarchies to test the specific equivalence.
- Contains a direct three-column table mapping Army, Navy, and Air Force ranks.
- Shows 'Major' in the Army column aligned with 'Lieutenant Commander' (Navy) and 'Squadron Leader' (Air Force).
- Lists ranks in parallel order across the three services.
- Includes the sequence 'Major Lieutenant Commander Squadron Leader', indicating equivalence.
- Provides a table of equivalent ranks across Army, Navy and Air Force.
- Specifically groups 'Major', 'Lieutenant Commander' and 'Squadron Leader' together as corresponding ranks.
Explicitly states that military ranks are compared across services (e.g., 'rank of colonel and above in the Army and equivalent posts in the Navy, the Air Force...'), showing a practice of mapping equivalent ranks between Army, Navy and Air Force.
A student could use this rule to look up official rank-equivalence tables (or a world map of service structures) to see whether Major maps to Squadron Leader and Lieutenant Commander.
Uses the phrase 'Officers of the rank of Major General or equivalent rank', indicating formal precedence and equivalence concepts across services are used in government protocol.
One could extend this pattern by consulting precedence lists or protocol documents to find the equivalent lower ranks (Major, Squadron Leader, Lieutenant Commander) in the same manner.
Again lists 'Officers of the rank of Lieutenant General or equivalent rank', reinforcing that equivalence between Army/Navy/Air Force ranks is an established categorisation used in official lists.
Apply this established equivalence practice to compare the named junior ranks via an official rank-correspondence chart to test the statement.
- Provides a direct cross-branch alignment showing 'Captain (Indian Navy)', 'Colonel (India)', and 'Group captain (India)' in the same row (equivalent).
- By showing Group Captain = Navy Captain = Army Colonel, it implies Lieutenant Colonel is not in the same equivalence group.
- Tabular mapping shows '| Colonel | Captain (IN) | Group Captain |', confirming Group Captain ≈ Navy Captain ≈ Army Colonel.
- The table also shows '| Lieutenant Colonel | Commander | Wing Commander |', indicating Lieutenant Colonel corresponds to Commander/Wing Commander (not Group Captain/Captain).
Explicitly uses the phrase 'equivalent posts in the Navy, the Air Force' when referring to an Army rank (colonel and above), showing that equivalence across services is a recognized concept.
A student could consult an official cross-service rank equivalence table (or the services' rank hierarchies) and compare where Lieutenant Colonel, Group Captain and Navy Captain fall to judge equivalence.
Lists 'Lieutenant General or equivalent rank' in cross-institutional precedence, illustrating that specific Army ranks have named equivalents in other services for protocol and precedence.
Use this pattern (one service rank mapped to 'equivalent rank') to look up the corresponding ranks for Lieutenant Colonel/Group Captain/Captain in official precedence or government documents.
Mentions 'Major-General or equivalent rank' alongside civil service grades, again showing routine official pairing of an Army rank with 'equivalent' counterparts elsewhere.
Apply the same approach: find the official equivalence used for Major-General and then find the similar listing for Lieutenant Colonel to see cross-service alignment.
Notes that separate Acts (Army and Air Force Acts, Navy Act) govern each service and that Parliament may restrict rights for discipline—implying distinct service structures even while equivalence schemes exist for administrative/disciplinary purposes.
Recognize that although services are legally distinct, official documents (acts, rules, precedence lists) often provide cross-service rank equivalences which a student can consult.
Groups 'Naval, military and air forces' together under the Union List, indicating central coordination of all three services and supporting the existence of unified frameworks (e.g., precedence or equivalence) across them.
From this, a student could infer central government publications (President's Secretariat, Ministry of Defence) are likely sources for formal rank equivalences to check the statement.
- [THE VERDICT]: Bouncer (for civilians) / Sitter (for defence aspirants). Source: General Knowledge / Defence Yearbooks (Not in Laxmikanth).
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: GS3 Internal Security > Various Security Forces and their Mandate (Structure & Hierarchy).
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: 1. The 'Captain' Paradox (Army Captain is junior; Navy Captain is senior). 2. The 'Flag Officer' threshold (Brigadier = Commodore = Air Commodore). 3. 5-Star Honorary Ranks (Field Marshal vs Marshal of IAF). 4. Theatre Command HQs (e.g., Northern=Udhampur).
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Do not memorize the entire 10-row table. Memorize the 'Anchors': The Chiefs (4-star), the Flag Officers (1-star start), and the confusing terms (Captain/Commander). If you know 'Commodore' is the Navy's Brigadier, Option 1 is eliminated immediately.
Military ranks in the Army, Navy and Air Force have corresponding equivalent ranks across the services.
High-yield for UPSC questions on defence structure and protocol: understanding equivalence helps answer questions on precedence, appointments, pay scales and civilian interaction. It connects to topics on civil-military relations, pay/allowances and official precedence, and enables mapping rank-based authorities across services.
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 8: Fundamental Rights > EI Prohibition of Discrimination on Certain Grounds > p. 80
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 92: World Constitutions > 714 P Indian Polity > p. 715
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 92: World Constitutions > 714 P Indian Polity > p. 714
The President holds the supreme command of the Defence Forces and appoints the chiefs of Army, Navy and Air Force.
Essential constitutional knowledge for UPSC mains and prelims. It links executive authority, defence administration and appointments of service leadership, and supports questions on separation of powers and civil control of the military.
- Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 18: President > Milit ary Powers > p. 191
- Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 11: The Union Executive > 2. Powers and Duties of the President > p. 213
Parliament can regulate exercise of the President's military powers and has enacted service Acts that govern discipline of defence personnel.
Important for questions on constitutional law and security: explains how military functioning is subject to statutory law, links to Articles limiting executive action, and aids answers on military justice, discipline and legislative oversight.
- Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 11: The Union Executive > 2. Powers and Duties of the President > p. 213
- Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > Scope of the Writs: I. Habeas corpus. > p. 160
Military ranks in one service have corresponding 'equivalent' ranks in the other services.
High-yield for questions on protocol, pay/grade matching, and inter-service appointments; it links defence organisation to lists of precedence and helps answer queries about equivalence without memorising every pair. Enables elimination-style answers in MCQs about rank parity and protocol.
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 8: Fundamental Rights > EI Prohibition of Discrimination on Certain Grounds > p. 80
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 92: World Constitutions > 714 P Indian Polity > p. 715
Specific military ranks are used in formal precedence lists and in appointment/appointment-authority contexts (e.g., chiefs appointed by the President).
Important for polity and administration questions on presidential powers, appointments, and formal precedence; connects constitutional powers to practical appointment of senior officers and protocol tables.
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 18: President > Milit ary Powers > p. 191
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 92: World Constitutions > 714 P Indian Polity > p. 715
Military ranks are mapped to equivalent civilian grades for precedence and administrative categorisation.
Useful for UPSC questions linking civil-military relations, pay-matrix/grades, and precedence; helps answer comparative questions on status of officers vis-à-vis civil services and in combined lists of officials.
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 92: World Constitutions > 714 P Indian Polity > p. 714
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 92: World Constitutions > 714 P Indian Polity > p. 715
Different services use distinct rank titles but maintain corresponding ranks across the Army, Navy and Air Force.
High-yield for protocol and comparative questions about military hierarchy; helps link questions on appointments and equivalence across services and supports answering questions on relative seniority and pay scales.
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 8: Fundamental Rights > EI Prohibition of Discrimination on Certain Grounds > p. 80
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 92: World Constitutions > 714 P Indian Polity > p. 715
The next logical question is the equivalence between Armed Forces and IPS/CAPF ranks. Prediction: DGP ≈ Lt. General (3-Star); IG ≈ Major General (2-Star); DIG ≈ Brigadier (1-Star).
The 'Captain Inversion' Hack: In the Army, a 'Captain' is a junior officer (20s). In the Navy, a 'Captain' is a senior officer (40s, equivalent to Colonel). In Pair 4, 'Lt Colonel' (Army) is matched with 'Captain' (Navy). Since Lt Col is below Colonel, and Navy Captain IS Colonel-level, the match is impossible.
GS2/GS3 Civil-Military Relations: The 'Warrant of Precedence' controversy. Understanding these ranks explains the friction regarding 'Non-Functional Upgrade (NFU)' and why the military resists equivalence with lower civilian pay-grades.