Question map
Not attempted Correct Incorrect ★ Bookmarked
Loading…
Q80 (IAS/2025) Geography › Maps & Locations › Regional political geography Answer Verified

Consider the following pairs : I. Mallorca : Italy II. Normandy : Spain III. Sardinia : France In how many of the above rows is the given information correctly matched?

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: D
Explanation

None of the three pairs are correctly matched.

**Pair I (Mallorca : Italy) - INCORRECT**
Mallorca is the largest island of the Balearic Islands (part[1] of Spain), situated east of the Iberian[2] Peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea. Therefore, Mallorca belongs to Spain, not Italy.

**Pair II (Normandy : Spain) - INCORRECT**
Le Havre, France is located in the Upper Normandy region along the northern coastline of the country.[3] This confirms that Normandy is a region of France, not Spain.

**Pair III (Sardinia : France) - INCORRECT**
Sardinia is actually an autonomous region and island of Italy, located in the Mediterranean Sea. It is not part of France.

Since none of the three pairs show correct country associations, the answer is **Option D: None**.

Sources
  1. [1] https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/webapps/planet-pen/Images/EO/eo_image_list.txt
  2. [2] https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/webapps/planet-pen/Images/EO/eo_image_list.txt
  3. [3] https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/webapps/planet-pen/Images/EO/eo_image_list.txt
How others answered
Each bar shows the % of students who chose that option. Green bar = correct answer, blue outline = your choice.
Community Performance
Out of everyone who attempted this question.
56%
got it right
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full view
Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. Consider the following pairs : I. Mallorca : Italy II. Normandy : Spain III. Sardinia : France In how many of the above rows is the g…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 6.7/10

This is a classic 'Atlas meets History' question. While it looks like a location query, the answers lie in standard World History NCERTs (Italian Unification, Norman Conquest). It rewards the habit of opening an Atlas whenever a historical region is mentioned in static texts.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Is the island of Mallorca (Balearic Islands) part of Italy?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"This capital city of the Balearic Islands (part of Spain) is"
Why this source?
  • Explicitly identifies the Balearic Islands as part of Spain.
  • Mentions Palma (on Mallorca) in context of the Balearic Islands being Spanish.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"situated on the largest island of Mallorca, east of the Iberian Peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea."
Why this source?
  • States Palma is situated on the largest island of Mallorca and places it geographically east of the Iberian Peninsula.
  • Notes historical context 'before becoming a province of Spain,' tying Mallorca to Spain.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Island of Ibiza, Spain" ... "The island of Ibiza (Eivissa in the native Catalan language) is located off of the southeastern coast of Spain, and is part of the Balearic archipelago."
Why this source?
  • Labels Ibiza explicitly as 'Island of Ibiza, Spain' and says it is part of the Balearic archipelago.
  • Reinforces that islands of the Balearic archipelago (which includes Mallorca) are Spanish, not Italian.

Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 11: Islands and Coral Reefs > Gontinental islands > p. 97
Strength: 5/5
“Some of the outstanding examples are Newfoundland, separated from the mainland by the Fig. 1 1 .1 Continental island Strait of Belle Isle; Malagasy, by the Mozambique Channel; Sri Lanka by the Palk Strait; Tasmania by the Bass Strait and Taiwan by the Formosa Strait. 2. Archipelagos or island groups. These comprise groups of islands of varying sizes and shapes, e.g. the British Isles, the Balearic. Islands of the Mediterranean and also those of the Aegean Sea. 3. Festoons or islgnd arcs. The islands form an archipelago in the shape of a loop around the edge of the mainland, marking the continuation of mountain ranges which can be traced on the continent, e.g. the East Indies, the Aleutian Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Kurile Islands and other island arcs of the Pacific coasts.”
Why relevant

Lists the Balearic Islands as an example of an archipelago of the Mediterranean, implying Mallorca (a Balearic island) is in the Mediterranean Sea rather than in the Atlantic or other oceans.

How to extend

A student could use a Mediterranean map to locate the Balearic Islands and then compare political borders to see which country administers them.

Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 11: Islands and Coral Reefs > Oceanic islands > p. 98
Strength: 4/5
“In the Atlantic are the Azores, Ascension, St. Helena, Madeira and the Canary Islands. Those of the Indian Ocean are Mauritius and Reunion. In the Antarctic Ocean are the South Sandwich Islands, Bouvet Island and many others (Plate 11.A). 2. Coral islands. Unlike the volcanic islands, the coral islands are very much lower and emerge just above the water surface. These islands, built up by coral animals of various species, are found both near the shores of the mainland and in the midst of oceans. Coral islands include the Marshall Islands, Gilbert and Ellice Islands of the Pacific; Bermuda in the Atlantic and the Laccadives and Maldives of the Indian Ocean.”
Why relevant

Classifies islands by ocean/region (Atlantic, Indian, Antarctic), indicating that knowing an island's sea/region is a key step to identifying its national affiliation.

How to extend

Locate Mallorca in the Mediterranean region (per [1]) and then check which Mediterranean coastal state administers nearby islands.

Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 11: Islands and Coral Reefs > Ouestions and Exercises > p. 102
Strength: 4/5
“• 1. Give a concise classification of the islands of the world. Quote actual examples of islands to justify your proposed classification. • 2. The following are some of the islands of the world. State in which part of the globe they are found. For any three of them, account for their probable origin: continental or oceanic. • • • • • • St. Helena; 8. (a) Define 'archipelagos', 'festoons' and 'bar-Hawaiian Islands: rier reefs'.• Crete. (b) Locate in a world map an example of each• differences between them. diagrams to illustrate their characteristic • • • (a) continental islands; gent peak of a volcanic island.• (b) archipelagos; (c) Much of the flora and fauna of continental (c) oceanic islands; islands is similar to that of the adjoining (d) coral polyps; mainland.• (e) fringing reefs; 10”
Why relevant

Provides examples/exercises about locating specific islands (e.g., Crete) on a world map and classifying island groups, showing that map-location exercises help determine political belonging.

How to extend

Apply the same map-locating exercise to Mallorca to see its proximity to particular countries.

Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 11: Volcanism > 3) Strombolian Eruption > p. 145
Strength: 3/5
“• Strombolian eruption is named after the Stromboli Volcano (Lipari Islands, Italy) (famously known as the lighthouse of the Mediterranean). It has been erupting continuously for centuries.• Strombolian eruptions are driven by episodic explosive eruptions (erupts once in every few minutes fountain-like eruption) due to the continuous formation of large gas bubbles within the magma. Upon reaching the surface, the bubbles burst with a loud pop, throwing magma in the air.”
Why relevant

Mentions the Lipari Islands as an example of Italian islands in the Mediterranean, illustrating that multiple Mediterranean island groups belong to different countries (some to Italy).

How to extend

Compare the location of Lipari (an Italian island group) with the Balearic group to note they are distinct and may belong to different states.

Statement 2
Is the region of Normandy part of Spain?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The port city of Le Havre, France is located at the confluence of the Seine River and the English Channel along the northern coastline of the country (Upper Normandy region)."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly labels the place as 'FRANCE' and names Le Havre as located in the 'Upper Normandy region'.
  • Shows Normandy as a region of France, not Spain, directly contradicting the claim that Normandy is part of Spain.

Themes in world history, History Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: The Three Orders > France and England > p. 88
Strength: 5/5
“Gaul, a province of the Roman Empire, had two extensive coastlines, mountain ranges, long rivers, forests and large tracts of plains suited to agriculture. The Franks, a Germanic tribe, gave their name to Gaul, making it 'France'. From the sixth century, this region was a kingdom ruled by Frankish/French kings, who were Christian. The French had very strong links with the Church, which were further strengthened when in 800 the Pope gave King Charlemagne the title of 'Holy Roman Emperor', to ensure his support*. Across a narrow channel lay the island of England–Scotland, which in the eleventh century was conquered by a duke from the French province of Normandy.”
Why relevant

Identifies Normandy as a French province (a duke from the French province of Normandy is named), implying Normandy is linked to France.

How to extend

A student could check a political map of Europe to see Normandy's location within France rather than within Spain.

Themes in world history, History Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: The Three Orders > England > p. 95
Strength: 5/5
“Feudalism developed in England from the eleventh century. The Angles and Saxons, from central Europe, had settled in England in the sixth century. The country's name, England, is a variant of 'Angle-land'. In the eleventh century, William, the Duke of Normandy*, crossed the English Channel with an army and defeated the Saxon king of England. From this time, France and England were often at war because of disputes over territory and trade. *The present Queen of England is descended from William I.”
Why relevant

States William was the Duke of Normandy and crossed the English Channel to England, indicating Normandy lies on France's side of the Channel (northern France).

How to extend

Combine this with a basic map to place Normandy in northern France, far from Spain's territory in southwestern Europe.

History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 10: Modern World: The Age of Reason > France as Nation-State > p. 145
Strength: 4/5
“Burgundy, situated to the east of France, was a powerful state. Though nominally vassal to the king of France, it was a turbulent vassal, and the English intrigued with it against France. A good part of western France was for long in English possession. The Valois dynasty, which was ruling France, fought to retain and retrieve the French territories from English control. There was what is called the Hundred Years' War between England and France from early in the fourteenth century to the middle of the fifteenth century. In this war, the French king Charles VII was helped by Joan of Arc, a young girl who fought courageously and won the battle at Orleans.”
Why relevant

Discusses territories in western France and conflicts between England and France, reinforcing that Normandy is part of the historical/french territorial sphere, not Spanish.

How to extend

Use the historical pattern of French–English disputes over French regions to infer Normandy is a French region to be located on a map relative to Spain.

History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 10: Modern World: The Age of Reason > Spain as Nation-State > p. 144
Strength: 3/5
“Major parts of Spain were under the control of the Moors, Muslim Saracens, the descendants of the Arab conquerors. There were two important kingdoms: Aragon and Castile. A turning point in the history of Spain was the King Ferdinand of Aragon marrying Queen Isabella of Castile. Together they worked hard to drive away the Moors and unite Spain. The king and queen took power in their hands (1479) and controlled the nobles by eliminating them from the royal councils. Both Ferdinand and Isabella, who jointly ruled Spain, were devout Catholics. During the rule of the Moors, the Jews who controlled the economy of Spain enjoyed considerable freedom.”
Why relevant

Describes Spain's internal historical kingdoms (Aragon, Castile) showing Spain has its own distinct territorial identity separate from France.

How to extend

A student can use this to reason that Normandy (tied to France in other snippets) is unlikely to be part of Spain's historical kingdoms.

Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 12: Major Crops and Cropping Patterns in India > Countries on Prime Meridian > p. 79
Strength: 3/5
“United Kingdom, France, Spain, Algeria, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana and Togo.”
Why relevant

Lists United Kingdom, France, Spain as separate countries, which implies France and Spain are distinct sovereign entities.

How to extend

Using that distinction plus the snippets linking Normandy to France, a student can conclude Normandy is not within Spain's national borders when checking a map.

Statement 3
Is the island of Sardinia part of France?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
India and the Contemporary World – II. History-Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 1: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe > Activity > p. 21
Strength: 5/5
“Chief Minister Cavour who led the movement to unify the regions of Italy was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat. Like many other wealthy and educated members of the Italian elite, he spoke French much better than he did Italian. Through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France engineered by Cavour, Sardinia-Piedmont succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859. Apart from regular troops, a large number of armed volunteers under the leadership of Giuseppe Garibaldi joined the fray. In 1860, they marched into South Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and succeeded in winning the support of the local peasants in order to drive out the Spanish rulers.”
Why relevant

Mentions 'Sardinia-Piedmont' as a political entity allied with France in 1859 and later leading Italian unification, indicating Sardinia was treated as a distinct (Italian) polity rather than part of France.

How to extend

A student could combine this with a basic map or timeline of Italian unification to check whether Sardinia/Piedmont belonged to Italy rather than France in modern national boundaries.

History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 12: Europe in Turmoil > Count Cavour (1810–1861) > p. 185
Strength: 5/5
“of the Italian people. Cavour rose to become the Prime Minister of Sardinia and played a crucial role in the unification of Italy. He used a combination of diplomacy and war to achieve the unification under the leadership of Sardinia. Cavour realized that Italian unification could not be achieved without international support. He needed the support of other Great powers to expel Austria from Lombardy and Venetia.”
Why relevant

States Count Cavour rose to be Prime Minister of Sardinia and led unification under the leadership of Sardinia, implying Sardinia functioned as the core of an Italian state.

How to extend

Use a map showing the Kingdom of Sardinia's location relative to France and modern Italy to infer whether Sardinia is part of France today.

Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 11: Islands and Coral Reefs > Gontinental islands > p. 97
Strength: 3/5
“These islands were formerly part of the mainland and are now detached from the continent. They may be separated by a shallow lagoon or a deep channel (Fig. 11.1). Their separation could be due to subsidence of some part of the land or to a rise in sea-level, so that the lowland links are submerged by the sea. Their former connection with the neighbouring mainland can be traced from the similar physical structure, flora and fauna that exist on both sides of the channel 1. Individual islands. These lie just outside the continent, very much associated with the characteristic features of the mainland of which they were once part.”
Why relevant

Gives a general definition of 'continental islands' — islands formerly part of the mainland and now detached — supplying a geographic category useful when classifying Mediterranean islands like Sardinia.

How to extend

Combine this definition with basic geographic knowledge (Mediterranean location of Sardinia and proximity to Italy/France) to reason about which mainland country an island is most closely connected to.

Themes in world history, History Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: The Three Orders > France and England > p. 88
Strength: 3/5
“Gaul, a province of the Roman Empire, had two extensive coastlines, mountain ranges, long rivers, forests and large tracts of plains suited to agriculture. The Franks, a Germanic tribe, gave their name to Gaul, making it 'France'. From the sixth century, this region was a kingdom ruled by Frankish/French kings, who were Christian. The French had very strong links with the Church, which were further strengthened when in 800 the Pope gave King Charlemagne the title of 'Holy Roman Emperor', to ensure his support*. Across a narrow channel lay the island of England–Scotland, which in the eleventh century was conquered by a duke from the French province of Normandy.”
Why relevant

Describes historical territorial ties and how regions (like provinces) gave rise to modern nation-states (example: Gaul → France), illustrating that historical rule affects modern national boundaries.

How to extend

A student could apply the same logic to investigate Sardinia's historical rulers and see whether its modern affiliation aligns with France or Italy.

Pattern takeaway: UPSC loves swapping the sovereignty of geographically adjacent islands or regions. The 'Trap' is almost always a neighbour swap (e.g., giving French Normandy to Spain, or Italian Sardinia to France). Master the 'Sovereignty Map' of the Mediterranean.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. This is basic European geography accessible via Class X/XI History NCERTs or any standard Oxford Student Atlas.
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Mediterranean Islands and Historical Provinces of Europe (World History-Geography overlap).
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize these pairs: Corsica (France), Sicily (Italy), Crete (Greece), Cyprus (Country), Azores & Madeira (Portugal), Canary Islands (Spain), Catalonia (Spain), Brittany (France).
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Do not treat History and Geography as silos. When reading about 'Cavour and Sardinia' (Italian Unification) or 'D-Day in Normandy' (WWII), immediately locate these regions on a map. Visual memory beats rote memorization.
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Archipelagos and island groups
💡 The insight

Identifying an island's archipelago (e.g., Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean) is the first step in locating its political and geographic affiliation.

High-yield for map-based and polity questions: knowing major archipelagos helps quickly narrow national jurisdictions and sea-region contexts (Mediterranean, Atlantic, Indian Ocean). It links physical geography (grouping of islands) with political geography (sovereignty, administrative units) and is frequently used in UPSC map and prelims-main linkage questions.

📚 Reading List :
  • Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 11: Islands and Coral Reefs > Gontinental islands > p. 97
🔗 Anchor: "Is the island of Mallorca (Balearic Islands) part of Italy?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Continental vs. oceanic island classification
💡 The insight

Knowing whether an island group is continental or oceanic helps infer proximity, geological origin, and biological links to nearby mainland, which often correlate with administrative ties.

Important for physical geography and biogeography questions: this concept explains why some islands share flora/fauna with adjacent continents and can guide answers about likely political connections or historical colonisation patterns. It connects to tectonics, island formation, and region-specific case studies in mains answers.

📚 Reading List :
  • Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 11: Islands and Coral Reefs > Gontinental islands > p. 97
  • Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 11: Islands and Coral Reefs > Ouestions and Exercises > p. 102
🔗 Anchor: "Is the island of Mallorca (Balearic Islands) part of Italy?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Mediterranean island groups and national ownership
💡 The insight

Mediterranean archipelagos belong to different Mediterranean states (e.g., Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean; Italy has island groups like Lipari/Stromboli).

Useful for distinguishing sovereignty across the same sea basin: questions often ask which country administers a named island or archipelago. Mastery prevents conflating island groups across neighbouring states and aids in answering polity, history, and geopolitics questions involving the Mediterranean region.

📚 Reading List :
  • Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 11: Islands and Coral Reefs > Gontinental islands > p. 97
  • Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 11: Volcanism > 3) Strombolian Eruption > p. 145
🔗 Anchor: "Is the island of Mallorca (Balearic Islands) part of Italy?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Normandy as a French province and the Norman Conquest
💡 The insight

Normandy is a province of France and its dukes (notably William of Normandy) led the 11th-century conquest of England.

High-yield for medieval European history and Anglo‑French relations; explains origins of the English monarchy, feudal ties across the Channel, and grounds many later territorial disputes. Useful for questions on state formation, feudalism, and cross‑border dynastic claims.

📚 Reading List :
  • Themes in world history, History Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: The Three Orders > France and England > p. 88
  • Themes in world history, History Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: The Three Orders > England > p. 95
🔗 Anchor: "Is the region of Normandy part of Spain?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Basque autonomy and regional secessionism in Spain
💡 The insight

The Basque region is an autonomous region within Spain with active nationalist demands for greater self-determination.

Essential for modern nation-state and political integration topics; connects to federalism, minority rights, internal security, and contemporary secessionist movements—frequently examined in polity and modern history questions.

📚 Reading List :
  • Political Theory, Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Nationalism > DEMAND FOR NATIONAL SELF-DETERMINATION IN BASQUE > p. 105
  • Politics in India since Independence, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Regional Aspirations > Accommodation and National Integration > p. 131
🔗 Anchor: "Is the region of Normandy part of Spain?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Anglo‑French territorial conflicts and English holdings in France
💡 The insight

England and France contended over territories, with English possession of parts of western France and prolonged conflict culminating in the Hundred Years' War.

Crucial for understanding medieval diplomacy, dynastic wars, and the evolution of European states; links to military history (e.g., Joan of Arc) and the political consequences of cross‑Channel claims.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 10: Modern World: The Age of Reason > France as Nation-State > p. 145
  • Themes in world history, History Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: The Three Orders > England > p. 95
🔗 Anchor: "Is the region of Normandy part of Spain?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 Sardinia‑Piedmont as the core of Italian unification
💡 The insight

Sardinia‑Piedmont was a distinct polity whose leadership (Cavour) drove the unification of Italy.

High‑yield for modern Indian and world history questions on 19th‑century nationalism; links political geography with unification movements and helps answer questions about which states led nation‑building. Mastering this enables candidates to place events (wars, diplomacy, leaders) in the correct state context.

📚 Reading List :
  • India and the Contemporary World – II. History-Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 1: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe > Activity > p. 21
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 12: Europe in Turmoil > Count Cavour (1810–1861) > p. 185
🔗 Anchor: "Is the island of Sardinia part of France?"
🌑 The Hidden Trap

Corsica (France). It lies immediately north of Sardinia (Italy) and is Napoleon's birthplace. UPSC will likely swap these two in a future 'Match the Following' to confuse you.

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

Use 'Historical Association' logic.
1. Normandy: Think 'Norman Conquest' of England (1066) -> originated from France. Not Spain.
2. Sardinia: Think 'Kingdom of Sardinia' which led the Unification of Italy (Class 10 NCERT). If it unified Italy, it must be Italian.
Result: Pairs II and III are definitely wrong.

🔗 Mains Connection

Link this to GS-1 (World History) and GS-2 (International Relations/Separatism). Regions like Catalonia (Spain), Scotland (UK), and Kurdistan (Middle East) are hotspots for self-determination movements. Knowing the parent country is the first step to understanding the conflict.

✓ Thank you! We'll review this.

SIMILAR QUESTIONS

IAS · 2009 · Q38 Relevance score: 1.50

Consider the following pairs : 1. Cannes: France 2. Davos: Denmark 3. Roland Garros :The Netherlands Which of the pairs given above is/arc correctly matched ?

IAS · 2022 · Q18 Relevance score: 1.00

Consider the following pairs : Region often mentioned in the news Country 1. Anatolia - Turkey 2. Amhara - Ethiopia 3. Cabo Delgado - Spain 4. Catalonia - Italy How many pairs given above are correctly matched ?

IAS · 2018 · Q90 Relevance score: -0.79

Consider the following pairs : Regions sometimes mentioned in news Country 1. Catalonia - Spain 2. Crimea - Hungary 3. Mindanao - Philippines 4. Oromia - Nigeria Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched ?