Consider the following statements about turmeric during the year 2022-23 : I. India is the largest producer and exporter of turmeric in the world. II. More than 30 varieties of turmeric are grown in India. III. Maharashtra, Telangana, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu are major turmeric producing States in India. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Describes the geographic range of turmeric cultivation across many Indian states and the crop's climatic/soil preferences, implying substantial domestic production capacity.

A student could combine this with basic knowledge of India’s large suitable agro-climatic area to suspect India is a major turmeric producer and then check global production rankings for 2022–23.

Mentions value-added turmeric products, implying a developed domestic processing sector that often accompanies large raw production.

One could infer that significant processing capacity suggests high primary turmeric output and compare with world output data to evaluate the claim.

Notes turmeric is widely grown in India and culturally important, indicating widespread cultivation rather than marginal production.

A student might combine the crop’s ubiquity in India with a world map of turmeric-growing regions to assess whether India plausibly leads global production.

States that India is the largest producer for several agricultural products (e.g., milk) and largest exporter for some crops, illustrating a pattern that India often ranks at or near the top for major agricultural commodities.

Using this pattern, a student could treat India as a plausible candidate for top turmeric producer and then look up 2022–23 global turmeric production figures to confirm.

Reports India is second largest producer of fruits and vegetables, showing India frequently ranks highly in global crop production.

This general tendency supports forming a hypothesis that India could be the largest turmeric producer, prompting targeted verification against 2022–23 data.

Describes turmeric cultivation across several large Indian states and the crop's suitable agro‑climatic conditions, implying India has substantial domestic production capacity.

A student could combine this with known global turmeric‑growing regions (e.g., parts of Southeast Asia) and production statistics to judge whether India’s production scale could support leading export volumes.

States India is the largest exporter of rice and a major agricultural exporter, showing India can be top exporter in specific agricultural commodities.

Use this pattern (India being top exporter for some spices/crops) plus comparative export data for turmeric from trade databases to assess if turmeric follows the same pattern.

Gives an example where India became the world’s largest exporter (buffalo meat in 2012), illustrating India’s potential to reach top global export positions in particular agri products.

A student could treat this as precedent and check recent trade reports (e.g., Economic Survey, FAOSTAT, UN COMTRADE) for turmeric export rankings in 2022–23.

Notes changing composition of India’s agricultural exports and that certain traditional items’ shares have declined, suggesting export leadership can shift over time.

Combine this with time‑series export data to see whether turmeric’s share rose or fell by 2022–23 relative to other countries.

References the Economic Survey 2022–23 as a source for export composition, pointing to an authoritative dataset that would contain 2022–23 export rankings.

A student could consult the Economic Survey 2022–23 (or similarly dated official trade publications) to directly compare turmeric export volumes by country for 2022–23.

States that traditional cultivated crops in India include 30,000–50,000 varieties overall, indicating very high agrobiodiversity and many local crop varieties.

A student could reasonably infer that for a widely grown spice like turmeric, this overall high diversity makes >30 local varieties plausible and look for state-level registers or germplasm lists to verify.

Lists several states (Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala) where turmeric is cultivated, implying broad geographic distribution across varied agro-climates.

Combine this with basic geography (different states/regions) to expect multiple regional landraces/varieties and then check state agricultural variety lists or ICAR/SAU catalogs for counts.

Describes specific harvesting, processing practices and names important storage/market centres (Alleppey, Nizamabad, etc.), suggesting established regional production systems.

Use the presence of distinct regional markets/processing centres to hypothesize multiple commercially recognised turmeric types and then consult market classification or variety registries.

Shows that textbooks list named 'main varieties' for crops (example given for wheat), indicating that crop-wise varietal cataloguing is common practice.

A student could follow this pattern and search similar sources (textbooks, agricultural extension, varietal release lists) specifically for turmeric to find the number of named varieties.

Notes turmeric is a commonly grown spice and member of the ginger family, emphasising its agricultural and cultural importance.

Given its importance and wide use, one can expect targeted research and varietal development; a student should therefore check research institute (e.g., spice boards/ICAR) publications for varietal counts.

States that cultivate spices note that turmeric is 'widely cultivated across the country', implying production is not limited to a few specialised states.

A student could combine this with a map of turmeric-growing agro-climatic zones to see whether Maharashtra's climate/areas overlap such zones and so plausibly host significant turmeric production.

Turmeric can be grown either as a rain‑fed crop (Kerala, Odisha, north‑east) or as an irrigated crop (Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu), showing multiple production modes tied to regional practices.

A student could check which cultivation mode predominates in Maharashtra (rain‑fed vs irrigated) and compare with its irrigation/climatic profile to judge plausibility of large turmeric area.

Maharashtra is listed among the main vegetable-producing states, indicating it is agriculturally diversified and capable of sizeable horticultural/spice production.

A student could infer that a state with broad vegetable/horticulture output is more likely to also produce spices like turmeric and then look up district-level crop data for confirmation.

Maharashtra is described as a leading producer for certain major crops (e.g., cotton), showing the state can be a top producer for specific commodities.

A student could use this pattern to reason that Maharashtra could similarly rank highly for other crops (like turmeric) if local conditions and area under cultivation support it, prompting a check of turmeric-specific statistics.

The NCERT cites the 'Pocket book of agricultural statistics, 2022' as a source for state-wise crop mentions, indicating that government statistical publications for 2022 are the appropriate reference for 2022‑23 crop rankings.

A student could therefore consult the 2022/2023 pocket book or Directorate of Economics and Statistics tables to directly confirm Maharashtra's turmeric ranking for 2022‑23.

Notes that turmeric is grown both as a rain‑fed and an irrigated crop and cites Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu as irrigated turmeric areas.

A student could use this rule plus the fact that Telangana borders Andhra Pradesh and shares similar agricultural zones to check 2022‑23 statewise turmeric area/production data for Telangana versus Andhra/Tamil Nadu.

States that turmeric is 'widely cultivated across the country' (unlike some spices confined to a few states).

One could infer Telangana is a plausible turmeric producer and then consult 2022‑23 crop statistics or maps to see if its production ranks as 'major'.

Gives basic botanical and cultural significance of turmeric in India, underlining its national prevalence.

Combined with national prevalence, a student could compare statewise production tables for 2022‑23 to see if Telangana figures are among the top producing states.

Lists Telangana among leading producers for another crop (groundnut), showing the state figures in national agricultural rankings are tracked and that Telangana is an agriculturally significant state.

A student could apply the same source category (government agricultural statistics) to look up turmeric production for Telangana in 2022‑23 to judge whether it was 'major'.

Cites Telangana as a notable producer of fruits like mangoes and grapes, indicating the state's diversified horticulture/agriculture capacity.

Using this pattern of Telangana appearing in statewise crop lists, one could examine the Pocket Book of Agricultural Statistics (2022) or similar 2022‑23 tables to see where turmeric ranks for Telangana.

Lists Karnataka among states where turmeric is cultivated (Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala).

A student could combine this list with 2022–23 state-wise production data (e.g., government agricultural statistics) to see whether Karnataka's cultivated area/production ranked it as a 'major' producer that year.

States that grow certain spices are discussed; turmeric is described as 'widely cultivated across the country' unlike spices confined to only a few states.

Knowing turmeric is widespread, a student could compare major turmeric-growing regions (from this broad rule) against 2022–23 production shares to judge if Karnataka was among the top producers.

Gives post-harvest/processing and lists important storage centres for turmeric (Alleppey, Durgirala, Nizamabad, Rajapuri, Cuddapah), implying production/market hubs can indicate major-producing states.

A student could check whether Karnataka has significant storage/market centres or nearby hubs in 2022–23; lack/presence of such centres can be a clue to relative production importance.

Mentions turmeric in a list/question context (asks which is known as 'king of spices' with turmeric as an option), indicating turmeric's prominence among spices in India.

Treating turmeric as a prominent spice, a student might reasonably look up national rankings for prominent spice-producing states in 2022–23 to see where Karnataka stands.

States where turmeric is grown include irrigated areas such as Tamil Nadu (turmeric can be an irrigated crop in Tamil Nadu).

A student could combine this with 2022–23 state-wise production data to see if Tamil Nadu's irrigated turmeric area translated into high production that year.

Turmeric is described as widely cultivated across the country (unlike spices confined to a few states), implying multiple states including Tamil Nadu may contribute significantly.

Use this pattern (widespread cultivation) plus contemporary production rankings to check whether Tamil Nadu ranks among the major producers in 2022–23.

Tamil Nadu appears among the states with substantial net irrigated area by canals (ranked 9th), which supports irrigated crops like turmeric.

A student could infer that states with sizeable irrigation are more likely to produce significant irrigated turmeric and then compare Tamil Nadu's turmeric output in 2022–23 to other states.

Tamil Nadu is listed as a leading producer of other irrigated southern crops (e.g., sugarcane), indicating agricultural capacity and irrigation infrastructure useful for turmeric cultivation.

Combine this general agricultural-strength clue with state-wise turmeric production statistics for 2022–23 to evaluate whether Tamil Nadu was a major producer.

Tamil Nadu is noted as a leading producer of groundnut with comparatively high yield where it is partly irrigated, showing the state can achieve high yields in irrigated/partly irrigated crops.

A student could extrapolate that Tamil Nadu's capability to produce high-yield irrigated crops might support significant turmeric production and should check 2022–23 turmeric production figures.