Question map
Consider the following water bodies : I. Lake Tanganyika II. Lake Tonlé Sap III. Patos Lagoon Through how many of them does the equator pass?
Explanation
The correct answer is option D - None of these water bodies is crossed by the equator.
Lake Tanganyika is located in East Africa[1], situated in the western Rift Valley region between approximately 3°S to 9°S latitude, well south of the equator. Lake Tonlé Sap is the largest permanent freshwater lake in Southeast Asia,[3] located in Cambodia[2], which lies entirely in the Northern Hemisphere between roughly 10°N to 15°N latitude. Patos Lagoon is definitely not on the equator[4] - it is located in southern Brazil (around 30°S to 32°S latitude), far south of the equator near the city of Porto Alegre.
The equator (0° latitude) passes through only a few African lakes like Lake Victoria, but none of the three water bodies mentioned in this question are located on or near the equatorial line. Therefore, the equator passes through none of them.
Sources- [1] https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/WCMC-008.pdf
- [2] https://iucn.org/sites/default/files/import/downloads/indo_burma_report_complete_low_res_28_aug_1.pdf
- [3] https://iucn.org/sites/default/files/import/downloads/indo_burma_report_complete_low_res_28_aug_1.pdf
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis is a classic 'Line Tracing' map question. While Patos Lagoon seems obscure, the question is solvable by knowing the standard locations of Tanganyika (South of Equator) and Tonlé Sap (Cambodia = North). The strategy is not to memorize every lagoon, but to master the 'Equatorial Belt' and eliminate options based on macro-regions.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
Identifies Lake Tanganyika as being in the Albertine Rift, the western arm of the East African Rift, locating the lake within a specific African rift region.
A student can take this regional location and check a map of Africa to see whether the Equator (0° latitude) crosses that rift segment or the countries bordering the lake.
Describes the East African Rift's course through specific countries including Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia—countries associated with East African rift lakes.
Using this list of countries, a student can consult a world map or lat/long data to determine whether the Equator passes through the particular country or part of the rift where Lake Tanganyika lies.
Defines the Equator as the latitude 0° and explains parallels of latitude encircle the Earth, providing the basic concept needed to test if a place lies on the Equator.
Combine this definition with the lake's geographic location (from the rift/country clues) and a map or coordinates to check if the lake's latitude is 0°.
Explains that intersection of latitude and longitude pinpoints any place on Earth and gives examples of coordinates, showing how to precisely locate places by latitude.
A student could use this method to look up or read off the latitude coordinate for Lake Tanganyika to see if it equals 0°.
Clarifies the Equator as the region of maximum bulge and references latitudinal concepts, reinforcing the centrality of latitude in identifying equatorial locations.
Use this latitudinal framework together with the lake's regional placement to assess whether Lake Tanganyika sits at or near the 0° latitude line on a map.
Defines the Equator as latitude 0° and explains that latitudes locate places north or south of it.
A student could look up the latitude of Tonlé Sap (or Cambodia) on a map and check whether it is 0°.
Gives concrete examples of place coordinates (Kuala Lumpur 3°10' N), showing how specific latitudes are cited to show distance from the Equator.
Use the same method to find Tonlé Sap’s coordinates and compare its latitude to 0°.
Identifies Tonlé Sap as a lake in Kampuchea (Cambodia), confirming the geographic subject of the statement.
Combine this location with a map or coordinate lookup for Cambodia to assess proximity to the Equator.
Explains climatic differences near the Equator (e.g., places close to the Equator like Nicobar and Kanyakumari are warm), implying recognizable tropical belts.
A student could judge whether Tonlé Sap’s climate/position corresponds to equatorial latitudes or lies noticeably north/south of them.
States that phenomena like the Coriolis effect vary at the Equator (plane could fly on the equator without deflection), indicating the Equator is a distinct, identifiable latitude.
Use the Equator’s unique physical effects as a conceptual check: if Tonlé Sap were on the Equator it would lie at latitude 0°—so verify its coordinates.
- The passage explicitly addresses whether Lagoa dos Patos (referred to as 'lagos del patos') lies on the equator.
- It states directly that Lagoa dos Patos is not on the equator, which answers the question.
Defines the equator as the parallel of latitude 0° and explains latitudes/longitudes pinpoint places on the globe.
A student could look up the latitude of Lagoa dos Patos (or read it off a world map) and compare it to 0° to test the statement.
Explains that the Equator is 0° latitude and that parallels shrink away from it, giving a clear conceptual rule for locating equatorial positions.
Use this rule plus a standard map or gazetteer to determine whether Lagoa dos Patos lies on the 0° parallel.
Describes the South Equatorial Current and its interaction with the 'shoulder' of north‑east Brazil, indicating where equatorial oceanic features meet the Brazilian coast.
Combine this oceanic/coastal description with a map of Brazil to infer the equator's general passage relative to Brazil's northern/southern coastal features and thus whether a southern lagoon like Lagoa dos Patos is likely on the equator.
Notes the south equatorial current bifurcates near Cape de Sao Roque (Brazil), giving a named Brazilian coastal reference point associated with the equatorial current system.
Locate Cape de Sao Roque on a map, compare its latitude to the equator, and then compare Lagoa dos Patos' latitude to assess if the equator passes through the lagoon.
Distinguishes geomagnetic features (magnetic equator) from geographic ones by giving an example where the magnetic equator passes through a specific location (Thumba), highlighting that different 'equators' exist.
Use this cautionary example to ensure one is checking the geographic (latitude 0°) equator on maps/coordinates, not a magnetic equator, when judging whether it passes through Lagoa dos Patos.
- [THE VERDICT]: Moderate. Options I and II are standard static geography (NCERT/GC Leong); Option III is the 'Bouncer' meant to induce panic, but irrelevant if you trust your basics on I and II.
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: World Mapping > Major Water Bodies > Intersection with Major Latitudes (Equator, Tropics).
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 'Equator Check' for major water bodies: Lake Victoria (Cuts through), Lake Tanganyika (South), Lake Turkana (North), Amazon Mouth (Cuts through), Congo River (Cuts through twice), Lake Toba (North).
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Do not memorize lists of lakes in isolation. Always visualize them relative to the 0°, 23.5°N, and 23.5°S lines. If a lake is in a 'Monsoon' country (like Cambodia), it cannot be on the Equator (which is Equatorial climate).
The Equator is the parallel at latitude 0° and is the reference for deciding whether any place lies on the equator.
High-yield: many geography questions ask which features or countries lie on specific latitudes; mastering the concept lets you use latitude values to accept or eliminate options. It connects directly to climate zones, mapping, and positional questions on the globe.
- Exploring Society:India and Beyond. Social Science-Class VI . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 1: Locating Places on the Earth > b) Latitudes > p. 14
- Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 2: The Earth's Crust > Mathematical Location of Places on the Globe > p. 10
Lake Tanganyika is a rift lake located in the Albertine Rift, the western arm of the East African Rift system.
High-yield: questions often link tectonic settings with regional physical features (lakes, mountains). Knowing the distribution of rift lakes helps place them by region and infer likely latitudinal position or country list, aiding elimination in map/location questions.
- Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 9: Divergent Boundary > Rift Valley Lakes > p. 128
- Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 9: Lakes > LAKES FORMED BY EARTH MOVEMENT > p. 81
Any definitive statement about whether the Equator passes through a feature requires knowing that feature's latitudinal coordinates.
High-yield: UPSC frequently tests ability to use coordinates to identify locations, distances, and relative positions; mastering this enables precise answers about whether features lie on the Equator or within specific hemispheres.
- Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 2: The Earth's Crust > Mathematical Location of Places on the Globe > p. 10
- Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 18: Latitudes and Longitudes > The Shape of The Earth and Latitudinal Heat Zones > p. 241
Knowing that the Equator is defined as latitude 0° is the primary test to determine if any feature lies on the Equator.
High-yield: UPSC often asks which places lie on the Equator or their latitudes; mastering this lets you quickly accept or reject claims about a place being equatorial. It directly links to map reading and coordinate-based elimination strategies.
- Exploring Society:India and Beyond. Social Science-Class VI . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 1: Locating Places on the Earth > b) Latitudes > p. 14
Precise lat-long coordinates are the method to locate lakes, cities and tell whether they intersect the Equator.
Essential for map-based prelims and mains questions; connects physical geography with cartography and spatial reasoning. Competence here helps answer location, distance and relative position questions reliably.
- Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 2: The Earth's Crust > Mathematical Location of Places on the Globe > p. 10
- Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 18: Latitudes and Longitudes > The Shape of The Earth and Latitudinal Heat Zones > p. 241
Latitude controls climatic zones (equatorial/torrid vs polar), so climate clues can support or contradict a claim that a place lies on the Equator.
Useful for indirect elimination when coordinates are unavailable; links geography to climate and human-environment topics frequently tested in UPSC. Recognizing typical equatorial climates helps evaluate location-based assertions.
- Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Climates of India > a) Latitude > p. 49
- Exploring Society:India and Beyond. Social Science-Class VI . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 1: Locating Places on the Earth > b) Latitudes > p. 14
The Equator is the fundamental parallel at 0° used to decide whether any place lies on the equatorial line.
High-yield for locating places: mastering latitude enables quick judgement if a place can lie on the Equator or in a particular latitudinal zone. It connects to climate, day-length and geographic positioning questions and helps eliminate impossible latitude-based options in map/location questions.
- Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 2: The Earth's Crust > Mathematical Location of Places on the Globe > p. 10
- Exploring Society:India and Beyond. Social Science-Class VI . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 1: Locating Places on the Earth > b) Latitudes > p. 14
Lake Victoria is the only major African Great Lake crossed by the Equator. The 'Next Logical Question' is about the Prime Meridian (0° Longitude): It passes through Lake Volta (Ghana) but misses the Mediterranean's major islands.
Use 'Climate Logic' instead of Map Memory. Tonlé Sap is in Cambodia. Cambodia has a Monsoon climate (distinct wet/dry seasons). The Equator has an Equatorial climate (rain every afternoon). Therefore, Tonlé Sap cannot be on the Equator. Answer must exclude II.
Tonlé Sap connects to GS-3 (Environment) & IR: It has a unique 'flow reversal' system dependent on the Mekong flood pulse, which is currently threatened by Chinese dams upstream (Geopolitics of Water).