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Q11 (IAS/2025) History & Culture › Modern India (Pre-1857) › Socio-religious reform movements Answer Verified

Consider the following statements about Raja Ram Mohan Roy : I. He possessed great love and respect for the traditional philosophical systems of the East. II. He desired his countrymen to accept the rational and scientific approach and the principle of human dignity and social equality of all men and women. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: C
Explanation

Both statements about Raja Ram Mohan Roy are correct.

He wrote Gift to Monotheists (1809) and translated into Bengali the Vedas and the five Upanishads to prove his conviction that ancient Hindu texts support monotheism.[2] In 1814, he set up the Atmiya Sabha (or Society of Friends) in Calcutta to propagate the monotheistic ideals of the Vedanta[1], demonstrating his love and respect for traditional Eastern philosophical systems. He sought to draw upon these ancient texts while reforming contemporary practices.

Rammohan Roy believed in the modern scientific approach and principles of human dignity and social equality.[2] Raja Rammohan Roy firmly believed in the principle of causality linking the whole phenomenal universe and demonstrability as the sole criterion of truth.[3] He condemned the subjugation of women and opposed the prevailing idea that women were inferior to men in intellect or in a moral sense.[4] This clearly shows he advocated rationalism, scientific thinking, and equality for both men and women.

Therefore, both statements I and II are accurate representations of Raja Ram Mohan Roy's philosophy and reform efforts.

Sources
  1. [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 9: A General Survey of Socio-Cultural Reform Movements > Socio-Cultural Reform Movements and their Leaders > p. 206
  2. [2] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 9: A General Survey of Socio-Cultural Reform Movements > Socio-Cultural Reform Movements and their Leaders > p. 206
  3. [3] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 8: Socio-Religious Reform Movements: General Features > The Intellectual Criteria > p. 192
  4. [4] Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 7: Social and Cultural Awakening in the First Half of the 19th Century > MODERN INDIA > p. 126
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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. Consider the following statements about Raja Ram Mohan Roy : I. He possessed great love and respect for the traditional philosophical sy…
At a glance
Origin: From standard books Fairness: High fairness Books / CA: 10/10 · 0/10
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This is a textbook 'Sitter' from Spectrum and Old NCERT. It tests the core ideological definition of the Indian Renaissance—the synthesis of Eastern philosophy and Western rationalism. If you skipped the introductory paragraphs describing the 'nature' of the reform movements to memorize only dates and organizations, you likely struggled.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Was Raja Ram Mohan Roy known to possess great love and respect for the traditional philosophical systems of the East?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 9: A General Survey of Socio-Cultural Reform Movements > Socio-Cultural Reform Movements and their Leaders > p. 206
Presence: 4/5
“Raja Rammohan Roy and Brahmo Samaj Raja Rammohan Roy (1772-1833), often called the the father of Indian Renaissance and the maker of Modern India, was a man of versatile genius. Rammohan Roy believed in the modern scientific approach and principles of human dignity and social equality. He put his faith in monotheism. He wrote Gift to Monotheists (1809) and translated into Bengali the Vedas and the five Upanishads to prove his conviction that ancient Hindu texts support monotheism. In 1814, he set up the Atmiya Sabha (or Society of Friends) in Calcutta to propagate the monotheistic ideals of the Vedanta and to campaign against idolatry, caste rigidities, meaningless rituals and other social ills.”
Why this source?
  • Translated the Vedas and five Upanishads into Bengali to demonstrate that ancient Hindu texts support monotheism.
  • Established the Atmiya Sabha to propagate Vedantic monotheistic ideals and campaign against idolatry and ritual abuses.
Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 7: Social and Cultural Awakening in the First Half of the 19th Century > MODERN INDIA > p. 126
Presence: 5/5
“Supercession by Christianity. He vigorously defended Hindu religion and philosophy from the ignorant attacks of the missionaries. At the same time, he adopted an extremely friendly attitude towards other religions. He believed that basically all religions preach a common message and that their followers are all brothers under the skin. All his life Rammohun Roy paid heavily for his daring religious outlook. The orthodox condemned him for criticising idolatry and for his philosophic admiration of Christianity and Islam. They organised a social boycott against him in which even his mother joined. He was branded a heretic and an outcaste. In 1829 he founded a new religious society, the Brahma Sabha, later known as the Brahmo Samai, whose purpose was to purify Hinduism and to preach theism or the worship of one God.”
Why this source?
  • Vigorously defended Hindu religion and philosophy from the ignorant attacks of Christian missionaries.
  • Founded the Brahma Sabha/Brahmo Samaj to purify Hinduism and preach theism, signalling engagement with indigenous philosophical traditions.
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 8: Socio-Religious Reform Movements: General Features > The Intellectual Criteria > p. 192
Presence: 4/5
“Reference to the past was to be used only as an aid and an instrument. Neither a revival of the past nor a total break with tradition was envisaged. Though the reformers tried to reform their religions, there was a universalistic aspect to their religious perspective. Raja Rammohan Roy considered different religions as national embodiments of universal theism. He defended the basic and universal principles of all religions—such as the monotheism of the Vedas and unitarianism of Christianity—while attacking”
Why this source?
  • Regarded different religions as embodiments of universal theism and defended core principles such as the monotheism of the Vedas.
  • Used the past as an instrument—defending traditional philosophical principles while critiquing superstitious practices.
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Statement analysis

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

CDS-II · 2009 · Q4 Relevance score: 4.49

Consider the following statements relating to Raja Rammohan Roy: I. He knew that the spread of Western education was necessary to develop a national and scientific attitude in the Indian society. II. He played a pioneering role in the religious and social reform movements of nineteenth century Bengal. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

CDS-I · 2004 · Q40 Relevance score: 3.15

Which of the following statements about the religious ideas of Raja Ram Mohun Roy is not correct?

NDA-II · 2010 · Q21 Relevance score: 2.83

Which among the following statements with regard to Raja Rammohan Roy are correct? I. He started the Atmiya Sabha II. He wrote the Gift of Monotheist III. He published the Precepts of Jesus IV. He founded the Brahmo Sabha Select the correct answer using the code given below

CDS-II · 2014 · Q85 Relevance score: 2.71

Statement I : Ram Mohan Roy in his famous work Gift to Monotheism put forward weighty arguments against belief in many Gods and for the worship of a single God. Statement I : Ram Mohan Roy in his Precepts of Jesus tried to separate the moral and philosophic message of the New Testament.

CDS-II · 2024 · Q97 Relevance score: 2.00

Consider the following statements about the condition of widows in the 18th century India : 1. Raja Sawai Jai Singh of Amber promoted widow remarriage. 2. Maratha General Parshuram Bhau promoted widow remarriage. 3. Raja Ram Mohan Roy opposed Sati. Which of the statements given above are correct ?