Consider the following statements in respect of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) : I. It provides loans and guarantees to middle income countries. II. It works single-handedly to help developing countries to reduce poverty. III. It was established to help Europe rebuild after the World War II. Which of the statements given above are correct?

IBRD primarily lends to middle‑income countries and creditworthy poorer countries.

High‑yield for UPSC because questions often ask which multilateral bank lends to which income groups; mastering this clarifies distinctions between IBRD and IDA and helps answer questions on external financing and development assistance.

The World Bank uses loans, technical assistance and guarantees to promote investment and development.

Important for answering questions on policy instruments of multilateral development banks, differentiating the World Bank's project‑level tools from IMF policy lending; useful for questions on how development projects are financed and de‑risked.

IBRD is paired with IDA as the principal arms of the World Bank, so IBRD does not act alone in development and poverty reduction.

High-yield for questions on international financial institutions: explains internal structure of the World Bank, clarifies roles in lending and concessional finance, and helps answer comparison-type questions about institutional responsibilities and cooperation.

The World Bank Group comprises several institutions (IBRD, IDA, IFC, MIGA, etc.), meaning multiple bodies contribute to development efforts beyond IBRD alone.

Useful for UPSC questions that ask to differentiate institutions and their mandates; links to topics on multilateral development banks, private-sector instruments, and guarantees, enabling clear mapping of which agency handles which function.

IBRD raises funds from capital markets while IDA is funded by member contributions and complementary transfers, showing diversified financing for poverty reduction.

Important for policy and economy questions on development finance: explains why different arms of the World Bank target different borrower categories and use different lending terms (market-based vs concessional), aiding analysis of suitability and impact of financial instruments.

IBRD was created as one of the Bretton Woods institutions to address post‑World War II reconstruction.

High yield for UPSC because questions often ask about the post‑war international economic order and institutional origins; links to topics on international finance, post‑war diplomacy, and global governance. Mastering this helps answer chronology and purpose-based questions on multilateral institutions.

IBRD initially focused on reconstructing war‑ravaged countries and later shifted to promoting development in middle‑income and poorer nations.

Important for questions comparing original mandates versus current roles of international organizations; connects to development policy, lending practices, and evolution of multilateral agencies. Enables answers on institutional adaptation and policy priorities over time.