Consider the following statements about Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI):
1. MPI is calculated using Alkire-Foster methodology.
2. MPI calculated by NITI Aayog has a total of twelve indicators.
3. Maternal Health and Bank Account are common indicators in the MPI of NITI Aayog and MPI of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

“Poverty, Inequality and Unemployment • MPI measures 'acute' poverty based on overlapping deprivations instead of the World Bank's measure of 'extreme' poverty that captures those living on less than $1.90 a day. • This MPI concept was developed by the UN Development Programme (UNDP) and OPHI \bullet (Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative) and first introduced in 2010. • MPI replaced the concept of Human Poverty Index. • Dimensions of Poverty: ; Indicator: Years of Schooling; Condition for Treating It (Deprivation): Deprived if no family member \geq 10 years of age) has completed 6 years of schooling; Weight: 1/6th; Related SDG Area: SDG4 (Quality Education) • Dimensions of Poverty: Education; Indicator: School Attendance; Condition for Treating It (Deprivation): Deprived if any school-aged child is not attending school up to class VIII; Weight: 1/6th; Related SDG Area: SDG4 (Quality Education) • Dimensions of Poverty: ; Indicator: Years of Health Care; Condition for Treating It (Deprivation): Deprived if any family member has not accessed health care services in the last year; Weight: 1/6th; Related SDG Area: SDG3 (Safe Water and Sanitation) • Dimensions of Poverty: Health Care; Indicator: Access to Health Services; Condition for Treating It (Deprivation): Deprived if any family member has not accessed health care services in the last year; Weight: 1/6th; Related SDG Area: SDG3 (Safe Water and Sanitation) • Dimensions of Poverty: ; Indicator: Years of Nutrition; Condition for Treating It (Deprivation): Deprived if any family member has not accessed nutrition services in the last year; Weight: 1/6th; Related SDG Area: SDG2 (Food Security) • Dimensions of Poverty: Nutrition; Indicator: Access to Nutrition Services; Condition for Treating It (Deprivation): Deprived if any family member has not accessed nutrition services in the last year; Weight: 1/6th; Related SDG Area: SDG2 (Food Security) Those 3 dimensions and 10 indicators under MPI are mentioned in the below table. \bullet”

“Source: India in figures, 2018, Government of India Central Statistics office, niti.gov.in/state-statistics (accessed on Nov. 15, 2021); National Multidimensional Poverty Index: A Progress Review 2023, NITI Aayog, Government of India. Twelve Indicators of National Multidimensional Poverty Index NITI Aayog, a Government of India organisation evolved the National Multidimensional Poverty Index (NMPI) using the following 12 indicators. If an individual is found deprived on these indicators, he or she is considered as multidimensional poor. • 1. Nutrition: A household is considered deprived if any child between the ages of 0 to 59 months, or woman between the ages of 15 to 49 years, or man between the ages of 15 to 54 years is found to be undernourished.• 2.”

“Since poverty has many facets, social scientists look at it through a variety of indicators. Usually the indicators are used to relate with the levels of income and consumption. In recent times, a variety of other indicators have also been used to recognise whether a person is poor or not. For example, National Multidimensional Poverty Index is calculated on the basis of three broad indicators: health indicators like nutrition, child and adolescent mortality, maternal health. Education indicators like years of schooling and school attendance, and standard of living indicator like cooking fuel, sanitation, drinking water, housing, electricity, assets, bank account.”